地震属性技术在四维地震监测中的应用
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摘要
四维地震(4D seimic)主要是指利用重复三维地震测量资料进行油藏动态监测。在油田开发过程中,由于储层特性变化所引起的地震振幅异常、频率变化以及反射同相轴下拖现象等均可作为注蒸汽波及范围四维地震监测的良好识别标志。由于叠后地震资料中常常存在动校正速度不准、动校正拉伸畸变、剩余静校正误差、以及CDP道集中各道波形的差异性等多方面的问题,这会对叠后地震资料所反映出的四维地震异常特性产生影响,造成解释结果的差异性和不确定性。为此,本文尝试开展叠前地震属性反演研究,利用瞬时频率、瞬时频率梯度、能量衰减85%时的频率、最大振幅频率、最大振幅、总能量等多种衰减属性的叠前剖面及其差值剖面来定性解释四维地震实验区的注入蒸汽在剖面上的反映。
4D seismic is a dynamic monitoring technology for oil reservoir based on repeating 3D seismic survey.In the exploitation of oilfield,seismic amplitude anomalies caused by container layer attribute,frequency variation and the time delay of reflection lineups can all be used as 4D seismic monitoring parameters.Because there are usually many errors in stacked data,such as,imprecise dynamic correction in velocity,waveform distortion caused by normal moveout correction stretching,static correction residual,and waveform difference in CDP gathering,they influence the feature of 4D seismic anomaly from stacked seismic data,and cause indetermination and difference in explanation.To solve this problem,we tried to study the attribute of pre-stack seismic data,which is to interpret the response of injected steam in 4D seismic region qualitatively with instantaneous frequency and its gradient,frequency that attenuated 80%,peak frequency,maximum amplitude,and total energy.
4D seismic is a dynamic monitoring technology for oil reservoir based on repeating 3D seismic survey.In the exploitation of oilfield,seismic amplitude anomalies caused by container layer attribute,frequency variation and the time delay of reflection lineups can all be used as 4D seismic monitoring parameters.Because there are usually many errors in stacked data,such as,imprecise dynamic correction in velocity,waveform distortion caused by normal moveout correction stretching,static correction residual,and waveform difference in CDP gathering,they influence the feature of 4D seismic anomaly from stacked seismic data,and cause indetermination and difference in explanation.To solve this problem,we tried to study the attribute of pre-stack seismic data,which is to interpret the response of injected steam in 4D seismic region qualitatively with instantaneous frequency and its gradient,frequency that attenuated 80%,peak frequency,maximum amplitude,and total energy.
引文
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[2]王新红,等.稠油热采的地震监测试验[J].北京:石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(2):294-302.
[3]王新红.四维地震技术研究与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004,1-117.
[4]云美厚,易维启,庄红艳.砂岩中干岩石弹性模量与孔隙度、泥质含量、有效压力和温度的经验关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):308-314.
[5]云美厚,易维启.孔隙流体地震特性的计算[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):13-20.
[6]Goodway,W.,Chen,3.T.,and Downton,J.,Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;“λρ”,“μρ”,&“λ/μfluid stack”,from P and S inversions[C].67th Annual.Internat.Mtg SEG,Expanded Abstract,1997,Vol I,183-186.
[7]Gray,F.D.,Goodway,W.N.and Chen,T.,Bridging the Gap:Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants[C].69th AnnualInternat.Mtg.SEG.,Expanded Abstracts,1999,852-855.
[8]Aki,K.,and Richards,P.G.,Quantitatives eismology;theory and methods[M].W.H.Freeman and Co.,1980,144-154.
[9]Anderson P.F.,Gray F.D.,Using LMR for Dual Attribute Lithology Identification[C].Expanded Abstract of 71st Annual.Internat.SEG.Mtg,2001,201-202.
[10]Gray D.,Elastic Inversion for LaméParameters[C].72nd Annual.Internat.Mtg SEG,Expanded Abstract,2002,213-216.
[11]Connolly P.N.Elastic Impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[12]Whitcombe D.N.Elastic Impedance Normalization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[13]Whitcombe D.N,Connolly P.N.,Reagan R L et al.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-68.
[14]Santos L.T.,Tygel M.and Ramos A.C.B.Reflection Impedance[C].67th Annual.Internat.Mtg SEG,Expanded Abstract,2002,225-228.
[15]Chen,Q.and Sidney,S.,Seismic attribute technology for reservoir forecasting and monitoring[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(5):445,447-448,450,453-456.
[16]陈遵德.储层地震属性优化方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
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