应用Lyapunov指数监测油气藏注水开发
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摘要
注水时移地震监测作为一种提高原油采收率的方法正逐渐被国内外许多大的油气田所关注,但提高油气采收率的效果好坏与用来实施监控油气藏变化的技术有着密切关系,好的方法更能够有利于采收率的提高。在油气藏注水开发过程中,储层流体的分布会发生变化,从而引起储层地震反射波速度、密度以及波阻抗的变化,但这些变化一般很小,只会在地震资料上引起很小的异常,特别当地震资料存在噪声干扰时,利用常规油气藏监测方法实施监测时就变得非常困难。针对这种情况,文章引进了具有抗干扰能力的描述混沌的非线性参数,通过对地震数据提取Lyapunov指数属性来研究油气藏注水后储层物性变化的特征。理论模型研究表明,Lyapunov指数属性具有较强的抗干扰能力,能够较好地反映储层注水后流体的变化情况,在信噪比大于 2.5 的情况下,可以很好地利用它来预测储层注水后的注水分布范围和注水部位的注水强弱情况。该研究成果有利于时移地震监测技术在实际中的应用。
As a kind of method of enhancing oil recovery, the water-flooding time-lapse seismic monitoring is being gradually followed with interest by many domestic and foreign large oil and gas companies, but the results of enhancing oil recovery are closely related to the techniques of monitoring reservoir performance variation. A fair technique is favourable for improving oil recovery. In the process of reservoir water-flooding development, the variation in the distribution of reservoir fluids happened, thus causing the changes in seismic wave velocity, density and wave impedance. These changes, however, were very small in general, which could only cause a very unnoticeable abnormality in seismic data, especially there existed noise signals in the seismic data, so that it was very difficult to cary out reservoir monitoring by use of the conventional methods. For this reason, on the basis of introducing the nonlinear parameters of describing chaos of possessing antijamming ability, the changeable characteristics of petrophysical property after reservoir water-flooding could be studied through abstracting Lyapunov Index attribution. The theoretical model study results indicated that the Lyapunov Index attribution had strong antijamming ability and could well reflect the variation of fluids after reservoir water-flooding; and, under the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio was more than 2.5, it could be used for predicting the water distribution and water-flooding strength. The achievement is beneficial to the application of the time-lapse seismic monitoring technique in practice.
As a kind of method of enhancing oil recovery, the water-flooding time-lapse seismic monitoring is being gradually followed with interest by many domestic and foreign large oil and gas companies, but the results of enhancing oil recovery are closely related to the techniques of monitoring reservoir performance variation. A fair technique is favourable for improving oil recovery. In the process of reservoir water-flooding development, the variation in the distribution of reservoir fluids happened, thus causing the changes in seismic wave velocity, density and wave impedance. These changes, however, were very small in general, which could only cause a very unnoticeable abnormality in seismic data, especially there existed noise signals in the seismic data, so that it was very difficult to cary out reservoir monitoring by use of the conventional methods. For this reason, on the basis of introducing the nonlinear parameters of describing chaos of possessing antijamming ability, the changeable characteristics of petrophysical property after reservoir water-flooding could be studied through abstracting Lyapunov Index attribution. The theoretical model study results indicated that the Lyapunov Index attribution had strong antijamming ability and could well reflect the variation of fluids after reservoir water-flooding; and, under the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio was more than 2.5, it could be used for predicting the water distribution and water-flooding strength. The achievement is beneficial to the application of the time-lapse seismic monitoring technique in practice.
引文
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2 安鸿伟.混沌动力学与地震油储信息检测研究.成都理工大学博士学位论文,2002
3 吴大奎.分形、混沌和突变论油气预测方法及应用研究.成都理工学院硕士学位论文,1995
4 KantzH.A robust method to estimate the maximalLya punov exponent.PhysicsLettersA,1994;185:77-87
5 WolfA,SwiftJ B,SwinneyJ B.DeterminingLyapunovexponents from a time series.PhysicaD,1985;16:285-317
6 BaranaG,TsudaL.A new method for computingLya punov exponents.PhysicsLetterA,1993;175(6):421-427
7 RosensteinM T,CollinsJ J,DeLucaC J.A practicalmethod for calculating largestLyapunov exponents fromsmall data sets.PhysicaD,1993;65:117-134
8 杨正瓴,林孔元,余贻鑫.用时间序列的李雅普诺夫指数计算预报电力系统中的某些失稳现象.中国电机工程学报,2001;21(1):1~8
9 吕金虎,张锁春.Lyapunov指数的数值计算方法.非线性动力学学报,2001;8(1):84~92
10 云美厚,易维启,庄红艳.砂岩中干岩石弹性模量、孔隙度、泥质含量、有效压力和温度的经验关系.石油地球物理勘探,2001;36(3):308~314
2 安鸿伟.混沌动力学与地震油储信息检测研究.成都理工大学博士学位论文,2002
3 吴大奎.分形、混沌和突变论油气预测方法及应用研究.成都理工学院硕士学位论文,1995
4 KantzH.A robust method to estimate the maximalLya punov exponent.PhysicsLettersA,1994;185:77-87
5 WolfA,SwiftJ B,SwinneyJ B.DeterminingLyapunovexponents from a time series.PhysicaD,1985;16:285-317
6 BaranaG,TsudaL.A new method for computingLya punov exponents.PhysicsLetterA,1993;175(6):421-427
7 RosensteinM T,CollinsJ J,DeLucaC J.A practicalmethod for calculating largestLyapunov exponents fromsmall data sets.PhysicaD,1993;65:117-134
8 杨正瓴,林孔元,余贻鑫.用时间序列的李雅普诺夫指数计算预报电力系统中的某些失稳现象.中国电机工程学报,2001;21(1):1~8
9 吕金虎,张锁春.Lyapunov指数的数值计算方法.非线性动力学学报,2001;8(1):84~92
10 云美厚,易维启,庄红艳.砂岩中干岩石弹性模量、孔隙度、泥质含量、有效压力和温度的经验关系.石油地球物理勘探,2001;36(3):308~314
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