延怀盆地地下热水与稀有气体的地球化学特征
|
摘要
对在延怀盆地采集的 14组 (次 )地下热、冷水和气体样品的分析结果表明 ,地下热水主要是大气降水成因的 ,其循环深度为 16 0 0～ 380 0m ,深部最高温度为 57～ 112℃ ,滞留时间为 50～30 32 0a ;热水中的稀有气体为大气、壳源和幔源成因 ;热水与气体在地震前的异常变化与热水所处的断裂构造及其活动性密切相关。关于该区地下热水的年龄和幔源气体的发现为首次报道 ,它对该区的断裂活动性、地震危险性研究和热水合理利用具有重要的意义。
In the past several years, a series of geologic, seismologic, geochemical and geophysical investigations have been conducted to understand the crustal structure, activity of active faults and seismic risk in the Yanhuai Basin. During the investigations, a large number of data about the pre seismic, co seismic and post seismic behaviors of subsurface fluids have been obtained by the Seismic Precursory Monitoring Stations in the area. This paper deals with the geochemistry of groundwater and noble gases in this region. It is aimed at the understanding of the background of groundwater, which is sensitive indicator for both earthquake and active faults in the region. The study shows that geothermal water in this region originates mainly from meteoric rainfall, the circulation depth is 1 600～3 800m, the temperature of water at the depths is 57～112℃, and the residence time is 50～30 320yr. Groundwater in this region can be divided chemically into HCO 3 Na, HCO 3 Cl Na, HCO 3 SO 4 Na Mg and SO 4 Na types, the TDS and pH of which range from 527.6～938.0 ppm and 7.50～8.73, respectively, belonging to low TDS and neutral alkaline thermal water. The results of water rock equilibrium calculations by NETPATH 2.0 show that groundwater in this area is over saturated with regard to quartz and in equilibrium with chalcedony. The noble gases of geothermal water originate from meteoric, crust and mantle sources, respectively. The anomalies of geothermal water and gases regime before the occurrence of Datong, Baotou and Zhangbei earthquakes were closely related to the faults and their activity, i.e., those anomalies occurred in the places where the circulation depth of the groundwater is great, or even the circulation depth is shallow but having an evidence of mantle gases releasing. The residence time of geothermal water and the discovery of mantle gases in this region are firstly reported in this paper. These results are of significance to further study of active faults, earthquake risk and groundwater utilization in this region.
In the past several years, a series of geologic, seismologic, geochemical and geophysical investigations have been conducted to understand the crustal structure, activity of active faults and seismic risk in the Yanhuai Basin. During the investigations, a large number of data about the pre seismic, co seismic and post seismic behaviors of subsurface fluids have been obtained by the Seismic Precursory Monitoring Stations in the area. This paper deals with the geochemistry of groundwater and noble gases in this region. It is aimed at the understanding of the background of groundwater, which is sensitive indicator for both earthquake and active faults in the region. The study shows that geothermal water in this region originates mainly from meteoric rainfall, the circulation depth is 1 600～3 800m, the temperature of water at the depths is 57～112℃, and the residence time is 50～30 320yr. Groundwater in this region can be divided chemically into HCO 3 Na, HCO 3 Cl Na, HCO 3 SO 4 Na Mg and SO 4 Na types, the TDS and pH of which range from 527.6～938.0 ppm and 7.50～8.73, respectively, belonging to low TDS and neutral alkaline thermal water. The results of water rock equilibrium calculations by NETPATH 2.0 show that groundwater in this area is over saturated with regard to quartz and in equilibrium with chalcedony. The noble gases of geothermal water originate from meteoric, crust and mantle sources, respectively. The anomalies of geothermal water and gases regime before the occurrence of Datong, Baotou and Zhangbei earthquakes were closely related to the faults and their activity, i.e., those anomalies occurred in the places where the circulation depth of the groundwater is great, or even the circulation depth is shallow but having an evidence of mantle gases releasing. The residence time of geothermal water and the discovery of mantle gases in this region are firstly reported in this paper. These results are of significance to further study of active faults, earthquake risk and groundwater utilization in this region.
引文
①车用太,2000,地下流体在地震孕育和构造活动中的作用研究
车用太,王基华,林元武,等.1998.
张北-尚义地震前的地下流体异常及其跟踪预报〔J〕.地震地质,20(2):99—104.
CHEYong tai,WANGJi hua,LINYuan wu,etal.1998.SubsurfacefluidanomalyandpredicationbeforeZhang beiShangyiEarthquake〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,20(2):99—104(inChinese).
高文学,马瑾主编.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.1—2.
GAOWen xue,MAJin(chiefeds).1993.Seismo geologicalBackgroundandEarthquakeHazardsinBeijingArea〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing.1—2(inChinese).
沈照理主编.1986.水文地球化学基础〔M〕.北京:地质出版社.
SHENZhao li(chiefed).1986.AnOutlineofHydrogeochemistry〔M〕.GeologicalPublishingHouse,Beijing(inChinese).
王基华,林元武,刘成龙,等.2000.张家口温泉形成的氢氧同位素及气体组成证据〔J〕.水文地质工程地质,4:30—33.
WANGJi hua,LINYuan wu,LIUCheng long,etal.2000.Evidenceofisotopeandgascompositionsonthefor mationofZhangjiakousprings〔J〕.HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology,4:30—33(inChinese).
王先彬,刘刚,陈践发,等.1996.地球内部流体研究的若干关键问题〔J〕.地学前缘,3(4):105—118.
WANGXian bin,LIUGang,CHENJian fa,etal.1996.Fluidsintheearth〔J〕.EarthScienceFrontiers,3(4):105—118(inChinese).
吴璐苹,石昆法.1996.松山地下热水勘探及成因模式探讨〔J〕.物探与化探,20(4):300—315.
WULu ping,SHIKun fa.1996.Geothermalgroundwaterexplorationandadiscussiononitsorigin〔J〕.GeophysicsandGeochemistryExploration,20(4):300—315(inChinese).
徐永昌.1996.天然气中的幔源稀有气体〔J〕.地学前缘3(4):63—70.
XUYong chang.1996.Themantlenoblegasofnaturalgases〔J〕.EarthScienceFrontiers,3(4):63—70(inChi nese).
赵平,廖志杰,过帼颖,等.1995.腾冲热海地热田气相组分的定量分析及其意义〔J〕.科学通报,40(24):2257—2260.
ZHAOPing,LIAOZhi jie,GUOGuo yingetal.1995.QuantitativeanalysisofgascompositionsintheRehaigeothermalfield,Tengchonganditsimplications〔J〕.ChineseSciencesBulletin,40(24):2257—2260(inChi nese).
张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋,等.1996.延庆—怀来地区地壳细结构:利用深地震反射剖面〔J〕.地球物理学报,39(3):356—363.
ZHANGXian kang,WANGChun yong,LIUGuo dong,etal.1996.FinestructuresofthecrustofYanqingHuailairegion:Applicationofdeepseismicreflectionprofiles〔J〕.ActaGeophysicaSinica,39(3):356—363(inChinese).
中国地震局监测预报司.1999.一九九八年张北地震〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.99—131.
①国家地震局地质研究所延怀课题组,1995,延怀盆地的活动断裂与强震危险性。
DepartmentofEarthquakeMonitoringandPredication,ChinaSeismologicalBureau(ed).1999.ZhangbeiEarth quakesof1998〔A〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing.99—131(inChinese).
BeyerleU ,PurtschertR ,AeschbachHertigW ,etal.1998.Climateandgroundwaterrechargeduringthelastglaciationinanicecoveredregion〔J〕.Science,23(5389):731—734.
FournierRQ .1980.Applicationsofhydrogeochemistrytogeothermalexplorationandreservoirengineering〔A〕.In:RybachL ,MufferLJP (eds).GeothermalSystemsPrinciplesandStudyCases.JohnWileyandSons.109—143.
MazorE .1972.Paleotemperaturesandotherhydrologicalparametersdeducedfromnoblegasesdissolvedinground water,JordanRiftValley〔J〕.GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa,36:1321—1336.
YuriT ,AlainB ,JuanCarlosC ,etal.2000.Nativegoldinmineralprecipitatesfromhigh temperaturevolcanicgas esofColimavolcano,Mexico〔J〕.AppliedGeochemistry,15(3):337—346.
车用太,王基华,林元武,等.1998.
张北-尚义地震前的地下流体异常及其跟踪预报〔J〕.地震地质,20(2):99—104.
CHEYong tai,WANGJi hua,LINYuan wu,etal.1998.SubsurfacefluidanomalyandpredicationbeforeZhang beiShangyiEarthquake〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,20(2):99—104(inChinese).
高文学,马瑾主编.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.1—2.
GAOWen xue,MAJin(chiefeds).1993.Seismo geologicalBackgroundandEarthquakeHazardsinBeijingArea〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing.1—2(inChinese).
沈照理主编.1986.水文地球化学基础〔M〕.北京:地质出版社.
SHENZhao li(chiefed).1986.AnOutlineofHydrogeochemistry〔M〕.GeologicalPublishingHouse,Beijing(inChinese).
王基华,林元武,刘成龙,等.2000.张家口温泉形成的氢氧同位素及气体组成证据〔J〕.水文地质工程地质,4:30—33.
WANGJi hua,LINYuan wu,LIUCheng long,etal.2000.Evidenceofisotopeandgascompositionsonthefor mationofZhangjiakousprings〔J〕.HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology,4:30—33(inChinese).
王先彬,刘刚,陈践发,等.1996.地球内部流体研究的若干关键问题〔J〕.地学前缘,3(4):105—118.
WANGXian bin,LIUGang,CHENJian fa,etal.1996.Fluidsintheearth〔J〕.EarthScienceFrontiers,3(4):105—118(inChinese).
吴璐苹,石昆法.1996.松山地下热水勘探及成因模式探讨〔J〕.物探与化探,20(4):300—315.
WULu ping,SHIKun fa.1996.Geothermalgroundwaterexplorationandadiscussiononitsorigin〔J〕.GeophysicsandGeochemistryExploration,20(4):300—315(inChinese).
徐永昌.1996.天然气中的幔源稀有气体〔J〕.地学前缘3(4):63—70.
XUYong chang.1996.Themantlenoblegasofnaturalgases〔J〕.EarthScienceFrontiers,3(4):63—70(inChi nese).
赵平,廖志杰,过帼颖,等.1995.腾冲热海地热田气相组分的定量分析及其意义〔J〕.科学通报,40(24):2257—2260.
ZHAOPing,LIAOZhi jie,GUOGuo yingetal.1995.QuantitativeanalysisofgascompositionsintheRehaigeothermalfield,Tengchonganditsimplications〔J〕.ChineseSciencesBulletin,40(24):2257—2260(inChi nese).
张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋,等.1996.延庆—怀来地区地壳细结构:利用深地震反射剖面〔J〕.地球物理学报,39(3):356—363.
ZHANGXian kang,WANGChun yong,LIUGuo dong,etal.1996.FinestructuresofthecrustofYanqingHuailairegion:Applicationofdeepseismicreflectionprofiles〔J〕.ActaGeophysicaSinica,39(3):356—363(inChinese).
中国地震局监测预报司.1999.一九九八年张北地震〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.99—131.
①国家地震局地质研究所延怀课题组,1995,延怀盆地的活动断裂与强震危险性。
DepartmentofEarthquakeMonitoringandPredication,ChinaSeismologicalBureau(ed).1999.ZhangbeiEarth quakesof1998〔A〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing.99—131(inChinese).
BeyerleU ,PurtschertR ,AeschbachHertigW ,etal.1998.Climateandgroundwaterrechargeduringthelastglaciationinanicecoveredregion〔J〕.Science,23(5389):731—734.
FournierRQ .1980.Applicationsofhydrogeochemistrytogeothermalexplorationandreservoirengineering〔A〕.In:RybachL ,MufferLJP (eds).GeothermalSystemsPrinciplesandStudyCases.JohnWileyandSons.109—143.
MazorE .1972.Paleotemperaturesandotherhydrologicalparametersdeducedfromnoblegasesdissolvedinground water,JordanRiftValley〔J〕.GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa,36:1321—1336.
YuriT ,AlainB ,JuanCarlosC ,etal.2000.Nativegoldinmineralprecipitatesfromhigh temperaturevolcanicgas esofColimavolcano,Mexico〔J〕.AppliedGeochemistry,15(3):337—346.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心