地下结构抗震减震措施与研究方法探讨
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摘要
由于地下结构一直被认为有较好的抗震性能,所以对其抗震减震的理论研究较少,实际工程中采取的抗震减震措施仅仅停留在经验阶段。通过对地下结构抗震减震措施及其分析方法进行研究,对目前地下结构的震害特点、抗震减震措施和理论分析方法进行了归纳总结。分析表明,地下结构的破坏过程主要受地震位移场的控制,与加速度场的关系不明显,所以应尽快修订《铁路抗震设计规范》中有关隧道抗震部分的条文;高烈度地震区的隧道抗震减震措施的耦合技术、减震机理与随机响应分析及动力可靠度的关系、洞口结构抗减震技术以及不同地震烈度下的设防长度、基础处理技术和减震层参数之间的联系等方面需加强研究。这些成果将为高烈度地震区进行的隧道设计和施工提供理论依据。
Theoretic researches on anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures for underground structures are carried out not so often as compared with those for surface structures,and the anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures for underground structures are now conducted only in the experiential stage since they are usually considered to be of good anti-seismicity.Based on the analysis of the anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures and research methods of underground structures,the paper summarized several aspects including the characteristics of earthquake disasters,the anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures and analytical methods.The analyses indicated that the Code of Anti-seismic Design of Railways should be revised for the articles concerning anti-seismic design of tunnels as soon as possible,since the control factor in the earthquake destroying process of underground structures is displacement field instead of acceleration field.In the area of high earthquake intensity,the following aspects of theoretical study need to be strengthened: the coupling of anti-seismic measures and seismic-relieving measures for tunnels;the relationship among seismic-relieving mechanism,stochastic response analyses and dynamical reliability;the anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures for tunnel entrances;the relationship among the strengthened length of tunnels,the technology of foundation reinforcement and the parameters of seismic-relieving layer.The results of analyses will provide a theoretic basis for the design and construction of tunnels in the area with high earthquake intensity.
Theoretic researches on anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures for underground structures are carried out not so often as compared with those for surface structures,and the anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures for underground structures are now conducted only in the experiential stage since they are usually considered to be of good anti-seismicity.Based on the analysis of the anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures and research methods of underground structures,the paper summarized several aspects including the characteristics of earthquake disasters,the anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures and analytical methods.The analyses indicated that the Code of Anti-seismic Design of Railways should be revised for the articles concerning anti-seismic design of tunnels as soon as possible,since the control factor in the earthquake destroying process of underground structures is displacement field instead of acceleration field.In the area of high earthquake intensity,the following aspects of theoretical study need to be strengthened: the coupling of anti-seismic measures and seismic-relieving measures for tunnels;the relationship among seismic-relieving mechanism,stochastic response analyses and dynamical reliability;the anti-seismic and seismic-relieving measures for tunnel entrances;the relationship among the strengthened length of tunnels,the technology of foundation reinforcement and the parameters of seismic-relieving layer.The results of analyses will provide a theoretic basis for the design and construction of tunnels in the area with high earthquake intensity.
引文
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[23]周德培.高烈度地震区浅埋大跨隧道施工技术及抗震材料[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(2):1~4
[24]许增会,宋宏伟,赵坚.地震对隧道围岩稳定性影响的数值模拟分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1):41~44
[25]许增会,刘刚.地震区隧道稳定性分析方法[J].公路,2004,(10):189~193
[26]许增会.地震区隧道稳定性的定性判断方法[J].公路交通技术,2005,(3):152~155
[27]高峰,石玉成,严松宏等.隧道的两种减震措施研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2):222~229
[28]高峰,石玉成,严松宏等.隧道洞口段的抗震设防长度[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(3):65~69
[2]高渠清.高渠清隧道及地下工程论文集[C].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996
[3]林皋.地下结构抗震分析综述(上)[J].世界地震工程,1990,6(2):1~9
[4]林皋.地下结构抗震分析综述(下)[J].世界地震工程,1990,6(3):1~10
[5]林皋,梁青槐.地下结构的抗震设计[J].土木工程学报,1996,29(1):15~24
[6]于建华等.高等结构动力学[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2001
[7][美]R.W.克拉夫,J.彭津著,王光远译.结构动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995
[8][英]C.F.比尔兹.震动分析与控制系统动力学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1989
[9]温熙森等.机械系统动态分析理论与应用[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998
[10][日]武田寿一.建筑物隔震防振与控制[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[11]胡聿贤.地震工程学(第二版)[M].北京:地震出版社,2004
[12]孙均,张庆贺.设置垫层的地下结构的抗爆动态相应[R].同济大学资料,1984
[13]许学忠,楼沩涛.地下封闭爆炸地震场砂垫层组合减震性能分析[J].防护工程,1997,(2):35~39
[14]中国人民解放军总参工程兵科研三所,抗偶然爆炸结构设计手册[S].1998
[15]李伯松,陈晶,冯进技.爆炸震动作用下钢丝绳减震地板动力分析[J].防护工程,1998,(4):23~27
[16]铃木猛康.シ-ルドトンネルの耐震性评价と免震化手法に关すゐ研究
[17]川岛一彦.地下构筑物の耐震设计[M].日本:鹿岛出版会,1994
[18]于翔,陈启亮,赵跃堂等.地下结构抗震研究方法及其现状[J].解放军理工大学学报,2000,1(5):63~69
[19]骆文海.强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐震性的研究[R].铁道部科学研究院铁道建筑研究所研究报告,1990
[20]严松宏.地下结构随机地震响应分析及其动力可靠度研究[D].西南交通大学博士论文,2003
[21]王志杰,高波,关宝树.围岩-隧道衬砌结构体系的减震研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1996,31(6):590~594
[22]周德培.强震区隧道洞口段的动力特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(1):124~130
[23]周德培.高烈度地震区浅埋大跨隧道施工技术及抗震材料[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(2):1~4
[24]许增会,宋宏伟,赵坚.地震对隧道围岩稳定性影响的数值模拟分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1):41~44
[25]许增会,刘刚.地震区隧道稳定性分析方法[J].公路,2004,(10):189~193
[26]许增会.地震区隧道稳定性的定性判断方法[J].公路交通技术,2005,(3):152~155
[27]高峰,石玉成,严松宏等.隧道的两种减震措施研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2):222~229
[28]高峰,石玉成,严松宏等.隧道洞口段的抗震设防长度[J].中国公路学报,2006,19(3):65~69
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