小断层的地震识别
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摘要
在勘探后期或油田开发阶段,认清小断层的分布对油田注采井设计、产能建设、油藏管理和油藏挖潜等的落实具有极为重要的意义.受地震资料分辨率的限制,用常规的地震资料解释方法进行小断层的识别很难达到油田生产需求,为此,本文根据研究区储层不同厚度、物性特点,以测井、地震、地质统计为基础,设计了薄层、厚层和不等厚互层三种储层不同断距断层的地质模型,在此基础上综合应用模型正演、频谱分解和相干分析方法建立了小断层的识别标志.通过在Y地区的实际应用,证明这种方法可更有效的识别小断层,并取得了较好的应用效果.
In the late stage of exploration and phase of development of oilfield,it is very important to recognizing distribution of small fault for the injection-production wells design,the construction of productivity of oilfield and reservoir management and tapping potentials etc.Because of limit of the seismic data resolution,it is difficult to achieve oilfield production capacity needs with the conventional method of seismic data interpretation to recognize small fault.Therefore as the foundation of well logging and seismic data and geological statistics,this article designs three different geologic model of fault with different fault throw about the thin layer,thick layer and interbedded layer of unequal thickness according to the reservoir different thickness and physical properties characteristic in the researched area.On the basis,with the method of comprehensive forward modelling,spectral decomposition and coherent analysis found the identification mark of small fault.Through the practical application in the Y area,we have proven that the method can recognize small faults more effectively,and achieved good application effect.
In the late stage of exploration and phase of development of oilfield,it is very important to recognizing distribution of small fault for the injection-production wells design,the construction of productivity of oilfield and reservoir management and tapping potentials etc.Because of limit of the seismic data resolution,it is difficult to achieve oilfield production capacity needs with the conventional method of seismic data interpretation to recognize small fault.Therefore as the foundation of well logging and seismic data and geological statistics,this article designs three different geologic model of fault with different fault throw about the thin layer,thick layer and interbedded layer of unequal thickness according to the reservoir different thickness and physical properties characteristic in the researched area.On the basis,with the method of comprehensive forward modelling,spectral decomposition and coherent analysis found the identification mark of small fault.Through the practical application in the Y area,we have proven that the method can recognize small faults more effectively,and achieved good application effect.
引文
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[3]王彦辉,王欢,李纲.小断层的识别方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(5):31-33. Wang Y H,Wang H,Li G.Identification method of small faults[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2000,19(5):31 -33.
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[5]王彦君,雍学善,刘应如等.小断层识别技术研究及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):135-139. Wang Y J,Yong X S,Liu Y R.Identification of minor fault and its applications[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2007,30(2):135-139.
[6]刘彦,孟小红等.断层识别技术及其在MB油气田的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):515-521. Liu Y,Meng X H.Faults identifying technique and it is application in MB oil-gas field[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(2):515-521.
[7]刘喜武,宁俊瑞.地震时频属性及其在油气地震地质技术中应用的综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1):18-22. Liu X W,Ning J R.A review of time-frequency attributes and their applications in seismic data interpretation for oil and gas geology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32 (1):18-22
[8]迟红霞.三维地震解释技术在油田开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):16-20. Chi H X.The application of three dimensional seismic interpretation to development of oilfields[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(1):16-20.
[9]陈香朋,韩国庆等.地震属性技术在郭局子洼陷沙二段岩性油藏描述中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):846- 851. Chen X P,Han G Q.Seismic attribute application to the litho logic reservoir of Es2 member of the Guojuzi sag[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(3):846-851.
[10]李阳,李占东,于亚楠等.相干体技术识别小断层以宋芳屯油田芳231区块为例[J].油气地球物理,2009,7(2):25-28. Li Y,Li Y D,Identify small faults by coherent body technique:A case study Fang 231 Area of Song fan-tan oilfield[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2009,7(2):25-28.
[11]王怀洪,王秀东,田育鑫.利用相干体技术探测煤矿微小构造方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1642-1649. Wang H H,Wang X D,Tian Y X.Study on the method to identify minor structure of coal mines with the coherence technology[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1642 - 1649.
[12]张进铎,杨平,王云雷.地震信息的谱分解及其应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(4):235-238. Zhang J Z,Yang P,Wang Y L.Spectral decomposition of seismic data and its application in oil and gas exploration[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2006,29(4):235-238.
[13]蔡刚等.频谱分解技术在准格尔盆地油气勘探中的应用[J].天然气工业,2006,26(4):35-37. Cai G.Application of frequency spectrum decomposition technique in exploration in the Junggar basin[J].Natural gas industry,2006,26(4):35-37.
[14]路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华.频谱成像技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1517-1521. Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H.The present research on frequency-spectrum imaging technique[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1517-1521.
[15]刘春园,魏修成,朱生旺等.频谱分解在碳酸盐岩储层中的应用研究[J].地质学报,2008,2(3):428-432. Liu C Y,Wei X C,Zhu S W.Application of spectral decomposition in carbonate reservoir[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,2(3):428-432.
[16]刘德良,宋岩.四川盆地构造与天然气聚集区带综合研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001,23-48. Liu D L,Song Y.Sichuan basin structure and gas accumulation zones comprehensive research[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry press,2001,23-48.
[2]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993, 330-331. Lu J M.Seismic exploration theory[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1993,330-331.
[3]王彦辉,王欢,李纲.小断层的识别方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(5):31-33. Wang Y H,Wang H,Li G.Identification method of small faults[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2000,19(5):31 -33.
[4]孙家振,李兰斌.地震地质综合解释教程[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002,187. Sun J Z,Li L B.Composite interpret course of seism and geology[M].Wuhan;China University of Geosciences Press, 2002,187.
[5]王彦君,雍学善,刘应如等.小断层识别技术研究及应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):135-139. Wang Y J,Yong X S,Liu Y R.Identification of minor fault and its applications[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2007,30(2):135-139.
[6]刘彦,孟小红等.断层识别技术及其在MB油气田的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):515-521. Liu Y,Meng X H.Faults identifying technique and it is application in MB oil-gas field[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2008,23(2):515-521.
[7]刘喜武,宁俊瑞.地震时频属性及其在油气地震地质技术中应用的综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1):18-22. Liu X W,Ning J R.A review of time-frequency attributes and their applications in seismic data interpretation for oil and gas geology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32 (1):18-22
[8]迟红霞.三维地震解释技术在油田开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):16-20. Chi H X.The application of three dimensional seismic interpretation to development of oilfields[J].Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(1):16-20.
[9]陈香朋,韩国庆等.地震属性技术在郭局子洼陷沙二段岩性油藏描述中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):846- 851. Chen X P,Han G Q.Seismic attribute application to the litho logic reservoir of Es2 member of the Guojuzi sag[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(3):846-851.
[10]李阳,李占东,于亚楠等.相干体技术识别小断层以宋芳屯油田芳231区块为例[J].油气地球物理,2009,7(2):25-28. Li Y,Li Y D,Identify small faults by coherent body technique:A case study Fang 231 Area of Song fan-tan oilfield[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2009,7(2):25-28.
[11]王怀洪,王秀东,田育鑫.利用相干体技术探测煤矿微小构造方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1642-1649. Wang H H,Wang X D,Tian Y X.Study on the method to identify minor structure of coal mines with the coherence technology[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1642 - 1649.
[12]张进铎,杨平,王云雷.地震信息的谱分解及其应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(4):235-238. Zhang J Z,Yang P,Wang Y L.Spectral decomposition of seismic data and its application in oil and gas exploration[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2006,29(4):235-238.
[13]蔡刚等.频谱分解技术在准格尔盆地油气勘探中的应用[J].天然气工业,2006,26(4):35-37. Cai G.Application of frequency spectrum decomposition technique in exploration in the Junggar basin[J].Natural gas industry,2006,26(4):35-37.
[14]路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华.频谱成像技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1517-1521. Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H.The present research on frequency-spectrum imaging technique[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1517-1521.
[15]刘春园,魏修成,朱生旺等.频谱分解在碳酸盐岩储层中的应用研究[J].地质学报,2008,2(3):428-432. Liu C Y,Wei X C,Zhu S W.Application of spectral decomposition in carbonate reservoir[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,2(3):428-432.
[16]刘德良,宋岩.四川盆地构造与天然气聚集区带综合研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001,23-48. Liu D L,Song Y.Sichuan basin structure and gas accumulation zones comprehensive research[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry press,2001,23-48.
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