微破裂弹性回跳模型和一次地震的三种波
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摘要
经典弹性回跳模型是历史上最有影响的地震模型之一,热力学弹性回跳模型对经典弹性回跳模型进行了合理的补充。根据存在着震前超低频应力—密度波和临震微破裂波的设想,进一步补充了热力学弹性回跳模型,新模型或可称为"微破裂弹性回跳模型"。这个模型与很多实测结果符合得很好。因为大多数地震都要经历应变累积、微破裂和主破裂三个阶段,所以,一次地震一般都会先后出现三种不同类型的波,即:超低频应力—密度波(应变波)、微破裂波以及普通地震波。这一认识对深入理解地震现象以及对地震的监测和预警都是有意义的。
Based on a sample of some real earthquakes,we have suggested in previous papers that there exists a densitytectonic stress wave with ultra-low frequency which is emitted from the piceneterre-gion for months before earthquakes,and a micro-fracture wave for 1～10 days before earthquakes.The former has been observed by different kinds of measurements,and the later has been observed by a few chance observations which consist of electromagnetic,gravitational,and sonicfluctuations.We show real observational results that depict the two waves,and they have very different frequencies,which are not difficult to discriminate.The classical elastic-rebound model is one of the most influential theories on earthquakes,and the thermodynamic elastic-rebound model has amended the classical framework.Considering the two waves above,we try to further modify the elastic-rebound model,and the new framework could be called the microfracture elastic-rebound model.We infer that tectonic earthquakes could have three special phases:the accumulation of tectonic stress,the micro-fracture,and the main-fracture. Accordingly,there would be three waves which come from the epicenter of a tectonic earthquake, i.e.,the tectonic stress wave with ultra-low frequency a few months before the earthquake,the micro-fracture wave about 1～10 days before the earthquake,and the main-fracture wave (common earthquake wave).This cognition is significant to deeply understand seismic phenomena and monitor earthquakes.
Based on a sample of some real earthquakes,we have suggested in previous papers that there exists a densitytectonic stress wave with ultra-low frequency which is emitted from the piceneterre-gion for months before earthquakes,and a micro-fracture wave for 1～10 days before earthquakes.The former has been observed by different kinds of measurements,and the later has been observed by a few chance observations which consist of electromagnetic,gravitational,and sonicfluctuations.We show real observational results that depict the two waves,and they have very different frequencies,which are not difficult to discriminate.The classical elastic-rebound model is one of the most influential theories on earthquakes,and the thermodynamic elastic-rebound model has amended the classical framework.Considering the two waves above,we try to further modify the elastic-rebound model,and the new framework could be called the microfracture elastic-rebound model.We infer that tectonic earthquakes could have three special phases:the accumulation of tectonic stress,the micro-fracture,and the main-fracture. Accordingly,there would be three waves which come from the epicenter of a tectonic earthquake, i.e.,the tectonic stress wave with ultra-low frequency a few months before the earthquake,the micro-fracture wave about 1～10 days before the earthquake,and the main-fracture wave (common earthquake wave).This cognition is significant to deeply understand seismic phenomena and monitor earthquakes.
引文
[1]赵复垣,张国栋,韩延本.一种震前超低频密度—应力波[J].国际地震动态,2007,12:26-32.
[2]赵复垣.存在一种震前超低频密度—应力波的更多证据[J].国际地震动态,2008,12:19-28.
[3]赵复垣,张国栋.从汶川地震看震前的“微破裂波”[J].国际地震动态,2009,6:19-23.
[4]Rundle,J.B.A Physical Model for Earthquakes 2.Application to Southern Calofornia[J].J.Geophys.Res, 1988,93:6255-6274.
[5]Rundle,J.B.A Physical Model for Earthquakes 3.Thermodynamical Approach and its Relation to Nonclassical therories of Nucleation[J].J.Geophys.Res,1989,94:2839-2855.
[6]赵建生.断裂力学及断裂物理[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003.218-222.
[7]张国栋,韩延本,赵复垣.从天文观测提取地震前兆信息[J].地震学报,2002,24(1):75-81.
[8]林依再.土壤氡气异常特征与台湾南投7.6级地震[J].地震研究,2001,24(4):321-325.
[9]张雁滨,蒋骏,李胜乐,等.滇西地区强震与地形变异常的前兆特征[J].地震研究,2004,27(2):119- 125.
[10]王双绪,江在森,张希,等.青藏块体东北缘现今构造形变与孕震特征[J].地震学报,2002,24(1): 27-34.
[11]郝晓光,胡小刚,许厚泽,等.汶川大地震前的重力扰动[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2008,28 (3):129-131.
[12]酆晓,丁丽青.强震前的重力变化特征[J].地震,1993,2:40-46.
[13]郝晓光,许厚泽,郝兴华,等.重力高频扰动与地震[J].地壳形变与地震,2001,21(3):9-13.
[2]赵复垣.存在一种震前超低频密度—应力波的更多证据[J].国际地震动态,2008,12:19-28.
[3]赵复垣,张国栋.从汶川地震看震前的“微破裂波”[J].国际地震动态,2009,6:19-23.
[4]Rundle,J.B.A Physical Model for Earthquakes 2.Application to Southern Calofornia[J].J.Geophys.Res, 1988,93:6255-6274.
[5]Rundle,J.B.A Physical Model for Earthquakes 3.Thermodynamical Approach and its Relation to Nonclassical therories of Nucleation[J].J.Geophys.Res,1989,94:2839-2855.
[6]赵建生.断裂力学及断裂物理[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003.218-222.
[7]张国栋,韩延本,赵复垣.从天文观测提取地震前兆信息[J].地震学报,2002,24(1):75-81.
[8]林依再.土壤氡气异常特征与台湾南投7.6级地震[J].地震研究,2001,24(4):321-325.
[9]张雁滨,蒋骏,李胜乐,等.滇西地区强震与地形变异常的前兆特征[J].地震研究,2004,27(2):119- 125.
[10]王双绪,江在森,张希,等.青藏块体东北缘现今构造形变与孕震特征[J].地震学报,2002,24(1): 27-34.
[11]郝晓光,胡小刚,许厚泽,等.汶川大地震前的重力扰动[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2008,28 (3):129-131.
[12]酆晓,丁丽青.强震前的重力变化特征[J].地震,1993,2:40-46.
[13]郝晓光,许厚泽,郝兴华,等.重力高频扰动与地震[J].地壳形变与地震,2001,21(3):9-13.
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