房屋结构抗巨震的探讨、应用及实现
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摘要
近数十年来很多6度、7度地震区发生了超高设防大震烈度的巨震,房屋结构如何满足逃生人员的安全目标有着重要现实意义。通过分析不同房屋结构的震害,阐述了"小震,(整体结构)不坏;中震,(整体结构)可修,大震,(整体结构)不倒;巨震,(避难单元)不倒"的抗震概念,给出了地震避难单元布置的基本原则,提出了通过"小震、中震、大震、巨震"多阶段的结构验算实现上述抗震性能,即"4水准,多阶段"的抗震设计方法,阐述了地震避难单元的应用范围,并初步探讨了实现房屋结构抗巨震的计算方法。
There are many areas,which local fortification intensities are from 6 to 7 degree,have been experienced massive earthquake whose degrees are much greater than the local rarely earthquake intensity expected by code(major earthquake).So it is very important that the research on how to keep the building structures meet the safety targets for the people survive in earthquake.Through analyzing the seismic damages of different building structures,this paper explains the anti-seismic concepts which is "When the place is subject to frequently earthquake influence(minor earthquake),the buildings will not damage or slightly damage with continue serviceable without repair;When the place is subject to local fortification intensity earthquake influence(moderate earthquake),the buildings will damage with continue serviceable after ordinary repair or without repair;When the place is subject to rarely earthquake influence which intensity is expected as the local fortification intensity(major earthquake),the buildings will not collapse nor suffer damage that endanger human lives;When the place is subject to extremely rarely earthquake influence which intensity is major than the local fortification intensity(massive earthquake),the reinforcement concrete tube(key units,or refuge units) will not collapse nor suffer damage that endanger human lives.".This paper presents the basic principles of designs for refuge units,and suggests the design performances in minor earthquake,moderate earthquake,major earthquake,and massive earthquake and the design methods to realize them,which can be called "four standards,multiple stages" seismic design method.The paper also explores the application scope of seismic refuges units,and discusses the calculation method of how to realize earthquake resistance of building structure under massive earthquake.
There are many areas,which local fortification intensities are from 6 to 7 degree,have been experienced massive earthquake whose degrees are much greater than the local rarely earthquake intensity expected by code(major earthquake).So it is very important that the research on how to keep the building structures meet the safety targets for the people survive in earthquake.Through analyzing the seismic damages of different building structures,this paper explains the anti-seismic concepts which is "When the place is subject to frequently earthquake influence(minor earthquake),the buildings will not damage or slightly damage with continue serviceable without repair;When the place is subject to local fortification intensity earthquake influence(moderate earthquake),the buildings will damage with continue serviceable after ordinary repair or without repair;When the place is subject to rarely earthquake influence which intensity is expected as the local fortification intensity(major earthquake),the buildings will not collapse nor suffer damage that endanger human lives;When the place is subject to extremely rarely earthquake influence which intensity is major than the local fortification intensity(massive earthquake),the reinforcement concrete tube(key units,or refuge units) will not collapse nor suffer damage that endanger human lives.".This paper presents the basic principles of designs for refuge units,and suggests the design performances in minor earthquake,moderate earthquake,major earthquake,and massive earthquake and the design methods to realize them,which can be called "four standards,multiple stages" seismic design method.The paper also explores the application scope of seismic refuges units,and discusses the calculation method of how to realize earthquake resistance of building structure under massive earthquake.
引文
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[7]叶列平,陆新征,赵世春,等.框架结构抗地震倒塌能力的研究———汶川地震极震区几个框架结构震害案例的分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(6):67-76.
[8]陆新征,叶列平.基于IDA分析的结构抗地震倒塌能力研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010.32(1):13-18.
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[11]姚攀峰.农村单层砌体房屋中的地震逃生方法[J].国际地震动态,2009.363(3):37-44.
[12]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求.建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26～33.
[2]姚攀峰.砌体结构抗高烈度地震的探讨[J].建筑结构,2009,39(S1):653-655.
[3]姚攀峰,石路也,陈之唏,等.砌体-钢筋混凝土核心筒结构抗震性能的探讨.建筑结构学报,2010,31(S2):12-17.
[4]姚攀峰.房屋结构抗巨震烈度地震的探讨及其在砌体结构中的应用(会议报告稿)[C]//上海:第二届全国建筑结构技术交流,2009.
[5]姚攀峰.房屋结构抗巨震的探讨及应用(会议报告稿)[C]//北京:第一届建筑结构抗倒塌学术研讨会,2010.
[6]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———抗震概念设计[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):20-25.
[7]叶列平,陆新征,赵世春,等.框架结构抗地震倒塌能力的研究———汶川地震极震区几个框架结构震害案例的分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(6):67-76.
[8]陆新征,叶列平.基于IDA分析的结构抗地震倒塌能力研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010.32(1):13-18.
[9]李宏男等.汶川地震震害调查与启示[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):10-19.
[10]姚攀峰.砌体-钢筋混凝土筒体结构及其施工方法[P]:中国,200810303142X,2009.
[11]姚攀峰.农村单层砌体房屋中的地震逃生方法[J].国际地震动态,2009.363(3):37-44.
[12]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求.建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26～33.
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