隧道地震成像理论与应用案例
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摘要
在隧道施工中采用地震方法对隧道地质情况进行探测,应该以最大的空间分辨率成像为目标.然而,由于信号频率对空间分辨率以及小角度照明度覆盖范围造成衰减的影响,地震方法在隧道中的应用仍然存在一些重要的局限性.首先采用了有限差分方法模拟弹性波的传播来合成隧道地震反射数据,合成数据采用最优化最实用的隧道数据处理流程对P、S波进行处理,特别是采用了衰减模型补偿振幅的衰减以及扩散,通过反Q滤波和使用空间变速模型能够获得反射地质单元在空间中的正确成像位置.最后结合奥地利Koralm隧道工程采用隧道地震预报方法的案例分析,充分说明该预报方法在隧道中应用的可行性.
Seismic measurements during tunnel operations aim at images of maximum spatial resolution. However,there are still principal limitations of the method applied in tunnels with regard to the spatial resolution by the signal frequency and attenuation,the signal frequency and attenuation,and the small angular illumination coverage. A finite-difference simulation of elastic wave propagation was performed to compute a synthetic tunnel seismic reflection survey. Synthetic data were used for optimizing the best practice tunnel data processing sequence for both P-and S-waves,especially for the use of attenuation models to compensate amplitude loss as well as dispersion by an inverse Q-filtering,and for the use of a spatially variable velocity model to yield the right image position of a reflecting geological element in space. The transfer and capability of this practice to real tunnel application was finally demonstrated by the case study of the tunnel seismic prediction method in the Koralm tunnel project in Austria.
Seismic measurements during tunnel operations aim at images of maximum spatial resolution. However,there are still principal limitations of the method applied in tunnels with regard to the spatial resolution by the signal frequency and attenuation,the signal frequency and attenuation,and the small angular illumination coverage. A finite-difference simulation of elastic wave propagation was performed to compute a synthetic tunnel seismic reflection survey. Synthetic data were used for optimizing the best practice tunnel data processing sequence for both P-and S-waves,especially for the use of attenuation models to compensate amplitude loss as well as dispersion by an inverse Q-filtering,and for the use of a spatially variable velocity model to yield the right image position of a reflecting geological element in space. The transfer and capability of this practice to real tunnel application was finally demonstrated by the case study of the tunnel seismic prediction method in the Koralm tunnel project in Austria.
引文
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[2]BEYLKING.Discrete radontransform[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustic,Speech and Signal Processing,1987,35(2):162-172.
[3]DICKMANNT.The newtunnel seismic prediction system:lo-cation and characterization of fracture or fault zones[J].Inge-nierfa de Tuneles,2002,5:178-182.
[4]詹正杉,姚姚.多波及横波地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.ZHANZhengshan,YAO Yao.Multi-wave and transverse wave seismic prospecting[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1994.
[5]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996.LUJimeng.Seismic explorationtheory[M].Dongying:Petro-leum University Press,1996.
[6]周绪文.反射波地震勘探方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.ZHOU Xuwen.Reflection seismic exploration[M].Beijing:PetroloeumIndustry Press,1989.
[7]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.YUShoupeng.High resolution seismic exploration[M].Bei-jing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1994.
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[9]SCHONJ,OTTOR.Indirekte Vorfelderkundung geotechnisch-er Risiken[J].Interner Berisht der Gruppe Geotechnik Graz ZT GmbH,2008,1:56-61.
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