工程地震动模拟研究综述
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摘要
地震动时程输入是结构抗震设计发展的必然要求,工程地震动模拟则是确定输入时程的主要方法。以研究满足工程需要的地震动模拟技术为宗旨,阐述了工程界合成地震动的历史与现状,以及地震学方法的工程应用,并总结出相关方法的特点和适用性。最后结合工程应用的特点,对工程地震动合成的发展方向进行了展望。
Aseismic design for important structure demands time history input of seismic waves,which usually can be obtained by earthquake ground motion simulation.With the purpose of finding out perfect artificial wave for engineering design,the earthquake simulation methods are reviewed in the field of engineering,and the earthquake simulation methods are applied to engineering.At the same time the characteristic and the applicability of each method are indicated.Finally,the tendency of earthquake simulation is discussed from the point of view of actual application in engineering area.
Aseismic design for important structure demands time history input of seismic waves,which usually can be obtained by earthquake ground motion simulation.With the purpose of finding out perfect artificial wave for engineering design,the earthquake simulation methods are reviewed in the field of engineering,and the earthquake simulation methods are applied to engineering.At the same time the characteristic and the applicability of each method are indicated.Finally,the tendency of earthquake simulation is discussed from the point of view of actual application in engineering area.
引文
[1]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.216-219.
[2]胡聿贤.地震工程学的发展和趋势[M].地震工程(中国院士书系),石家庄:河北教育出版社,2003:26-56.
[3]李英民,赖明,白绍良.从结构抗震设计理论看地震动输入[J].工程力学,2002(增刊):549-554.
[4]李英民,赖明.工程地震动模型化研究综述及展望(I)概述与地震学模型[J].重庆建筑大学学报,1998,20(2):73-80.
[5]Housner G W.Characteristics of strong motion earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1947,37(1):19-31.
[6]Goodman L E,Rosenblueth E,Newmark N M.Aseismic design of firmly founded elastic structures[J].Transactions ASCE,1955,120:782-802.
[7]Housner G W.Properties of strong motion earthquake[J],Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1955,45(3):197-218.
[8]Lin Y K.Probabilistic Theory of Structural Dynamics[M].New York:1967.67-95.
[9]Kanai K.Semi-empirical formula for the seismic characteristics of the ground[J].Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute,University of To-kyo,1957,35(2):309-325.
[10]Tajimi H.A Statistical Method of Determining the Maximum Response of a Building during Earthquake[C]//Proceedings of the Second WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering,Japan:Tokyo,1960,2:781-798.
[11]Barstein MF.Application of probability methods for design the effect of seismic forces on engineering structure[C]//Proceedings of the SecondWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Tokyo,Japan,1960:1467-1482.
[12]欧进萍,牛荻涛,杜修力.设计用随机地震动的模型及其参数确定[J].地震工程与工程振动,1991,11(3):45-54.
[13]Clough R W,Penzien J.王光远,等译.结构动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[14]Herrera I,Rosenblueth E,Rasc幃n O A.Earthquake spectrum prediction for the valley of mexico[C]//Proc.3rd.World Conference on Earth-quake Engineering,Nueva Zelandia,1965:61-74.
[15]Bolotin VV.Statistical theory of aseismic design of structures[C]//Proceedings of the Second World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,To-kyo,Japan:1960,2:1365-1374.
[16]Bogdanoff J L,Goldberg J E,Bernard MC.Response of a simple structure to a random earthquake-type disturbance[J].Bulletin of the Seismologi-cal Society of America,1961,51(2):293-310.
[17]Housner G W,Jennings P C.Generation of artificial earthquake[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1964,90(EM1):113-150.
[18]Amin M,Ang A HS.Nonstationary stochastic model of earthquake motions[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1968,94(EM2):559?583.
[19]Goto H,Toki K,Aiyoshi T.Generation of artificial earthquake on digital computer for aseismic design of structure[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd Ja-pan Earthquake Engineering Symposium,1966:25-30.
[20]Shinozuka M,Sato Y.Simulation of nonstationary random process[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1967,93(EM1):11-40.
[21]Iyengar R N,Iyenga K TS R.A nonstationary random process model for earthquake accelerograms[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of A-merica,1969,59(3):1163-1188.
[22]Scanlan R H,Sachs K.Earthquake time histories and response spectra[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1974,100(EM4):635-655.
[23]Ohsaki Y.On the significance of phase content in earthquake ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1979,7(5):427-439.
[24]胡聿贤,何训.考虑相位谱的人造地震动反应谱拟合[J].地震工程与工程振动,1986,6(2):37-51.
[25]Jamshid G,Lin C C J.Newmethod of generating spectrumcompatible accelerograms using neural networks[J].Earthquake Engineering and Struc-tural Dynamics,1998,27(4):377-396.
[26]Lin C C J,Jamshid G.Generating multiple spectrum compatible accelerograms using stochastic neural networks[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,2001,30(7):1021-1042.
[27]Beaudet P R.Synthesis of nonstationary seismic signal[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1970,60(5):1615-1624.
[28]Saragoni G R,Hart G C.Simulation of artificial earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1974,2(3):249-267.
[29]Chang MK,Kwiatkowski J W,Nau R F,et al.ARMAmodels for earthquake ground motion[R].ORC79-1,Operations Research Center,U.C.Berkeley,1979.
[30]Page C H.Instantaneous power spectra[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1952,23(1):103-106.
[31]Priestley M B.Evolutionary spectra and non-stationary processes[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,Series B Methodological,1965,27(2):204-237.
[32]Priestley MB.Power spectral analysis of non-stationary random processes[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1967,6(1):86-97.
[33]Mark W D.Spectral analysis of the convolution and filtering of non-stationary stochastic processes[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1970,11(1):19-63.
[34]Kameda H.Evolutionary spectra of seismogram by multifilter[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1975,101(6):787-801.
[35]Kameda H,Goto H,Sugito M,et al.Prediction of nonstationary earthquake motions for given magnitude,Distance and specific site condition[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Stanford University,1979:243-252.
[36]Kameda H,Sugito M,Asamara,T.Simulated earthquake motions scaled for magnitude,distance and local soil conditions[C]//Proceedings of the7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1980,2:295-302.
[37]Goto H,Sugito M,Kameda H,et al.Prediction of nonstationary earthquake motions for moderate and great earthquakes on rock surface[R].Annu-als,Disaster prevention research institute,Kyoto University,1984,27,B-2:19-48.
[38]梁建文.非平稳地震动过程模拟方法(Ⅰ)[J].地震学报,2005,27(2):213-228.
[39]梁建文.非平稳地震动过程模拟方法(Ⅱ)[J].地震学报,2005,27(3):346-351.
[40]Hoshiga M,Chiba T.Physical spectral of earthquake acceleration[C]//Proceedings of the 4th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium,1975.
[41]Yokoyama T,Theofanopoulos N,Watabe M.Distribution of phase differences in relation to the earthquake magnitude,distance to the fault and lo-cal soil conditions[C]//Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1988:2.
[42]Matsukawa K,Watabe M,Theofanopulos NA,Tohdo M.Phase characteristics of earthquake ground motions and those applications to synthetic ones[C]//Transactions of the 9th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology,1987,K1:43-48.
[43]Sigbjx¨rnsson R,Baldvinsson G I,Thr偄insson H,幃lafsson S,Gardasd幃tir G Th,Th幃rarinsson幃.On seismic hazard in Iceland—a stochastic simulationapproach[C]//Proceeding of the 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1994:111-116.
[44]Kanda J,Iwasaki R,Ohsaki Y,et al.Generation of simulated earthquake ground motions considering target response spectra of various damping ra-tio[C]//Transactions of the 7th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology,1983,K(a):71-79.
[45]Naraoka K,Watanabe T.Generation of nonstationary earthquake ground motions using phase characteristics[C]//Transactions of the 9th Interna-tional Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology,1987,K1:37-42.
[46]朱昱,冯启民.相位差谱的分布特征和人造地震动[J].地震工程与工程振动,1992,12(1):37-44.
[47]Thr偄insson H,Kiremidjian A S,Winterstein S R.Modeling of earthquake ground motion in the frequency domain,Technical Report 134[R].TheJohn A.Blume Earthquake Engineering Center,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,California:USA,2000.
[48]Nigam N C.Phase properties of a class of random process[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1982,11(10):711-717.
[49]Boore D M.Phase derivatives and simulation of strong ground motions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93(3):1132-1143.
[50]Shrikhande M,Gupta VK.On the characterization of the phase spectrumfor strong motion synthesis[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2001,5(4):465-482.
[51]Goupillaud P,Grossmann A,Morlet J.Cycle-octave and related transforms in seismic signal analysis[J].Geoexploration,1984,23(1):85-102.
[52]Huang NE,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series anal-ysis[J].Proceeding of the Royal Society of London,1998,A(454):903-995.
[53]Zhang R,Ma S.HHTanalysis of earthquake motion recordings and its implications to simulation of ground motion[C]//Schueller G I,Spanos PD.Proceedings of the International Conference on Monte Carlo Simulation,Monte Carlo,Monaco,2000:483-490.
[54]王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004.
[55]Kamae K,Irikura K,Pitarka A.A technique for simulating strong ground motions using hybrid Green’s function[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1998,88(2):357-367.
[56]Trifunac MD.Amethod for synthesizing realistic strong ground motion[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1971,61(6):1739-1753.
[57]Trifurnic MD.Empirical model for scaling fourier amplitude spectral of strong ground acceleration in term of earthquake magnitude,souce-to-sta-tion distance and recording site conditions[J].Bulletin of the seismological society of American,1976,66(4):1343-1373.
[58]Wong HL,Trifunac M D.Synthesizing realistic ground motion accelerograms[R].University of Southern California:Report No.CE78?07,LosAngeles,CA.,1978.
[59]魏颖,廖振鹏.地震动加速度图的合成[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1987.
[60]金星,廖振鹏.重大工程场地设计地震动与地震动场的研究[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1992.
[61]赵凤新,胡聿贤.时程的相位差特性及设计地震动的合成[D].北京:国家地震局地球物理研究所,1992.
[2]胡聿贤.地震工程学的发展和趋势[M].地震工程(中国院士书系),石家庄:河北教育出版社,2003:26-56.
[3]李英民,赖明,白绍良.从结构抗震设计理论看地震动输入[J].工程力学,2002(增刊):549-554.
[4]李英民,赖明.工程地震动模型化研究综述及展望(I)概述与地震学模型[J].重庆建筑大学学报,1998,20(2):73-80.
[5]Housner G W.Characteristics of strong motion earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1947,37(1):19-31.
[6]Goodman L E,Rosenblueth E,Newmark N M.Aseismic design of firmly founded elastic structures[J].Transactions ASCE,1955,120:782-802.
[7]Housner G W.Properties of strong motion earthquake[J],Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1955,45(3):197-218.
[8]Lin Y K.Probabilistic Theory of Structural Dynamics[M].New York:1967.67-95.
[9]Kanai K.Semi-empirical formula for the seismic characteristics of the ground[J].Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute,University of To-kyo,1957,35(2):309-325.
[10]Tajimi H.A Statistical Method of Determining the Maximum Response of a Building during Earthquake[C]//Proceedings of the Second WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering,Japan:Tokyo,1960,2:781-798.
[11]Barstein MF.Application of probability methods for design the effect of seismic forces on engineering structure[C]//Proceedings of the SecondWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Tokyo,Japan,1960:1467-1482.
[12]欧进萍,牛荻涛,杜修力.设计用随机地震动的模型及其参数确定[J].地震工程与工程振动,1991,11(3):45-54.
[13]Clough R W,Penzien J.王光远,等译.结构动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[14]Herrera I,Rosenblueth E,Rasc幃n O A.Earthquake spectrum prediction for the valley of mexico[C]//Proc.3rd.World Conference on Earth-quake Engineering,Nueva Zelandia,1965:61-74.
[15]Bolotin VV.Statistical theory of aseismic design of structures[C]//Proceedings of the Second World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,To-kyo,Japan:1960,2:1365-1374.
[16]Bogdanoff J L,Goldberg J E,Bernard MC.Response of a simple structure to a random earthquake-type disturbance[J].Bulletin of the Seismologi-cal Society of America,1961,51(2):293-310.
[17]Housner G W,Jennings P C.Generation of artificial earthquake[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1964,90(EM1):113-150.
[18]Amin M,Ang A HS.Nonstationary stochastic model of earthquake motions[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1968,94(EM2):559?583.
[19]Goto H,Toki K,Aiyoshi T.Generation of artificial earthquake on digital computer for aseismic design of structure[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd Ja-pan Earthquake Engineering Symposium,1966:25-30.
[20]Shinozuka M,Sato Y.Simulation of nonstationary random process[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1967,93(EM1):11-40.
[21]Iyengar R N,Iyenga K TS R.A nonstationary random process model for earthquake accelerograms[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of A-merica,1969,59(3):1163-1188.
[22]Scanlan R H,Sachs K.Earthquake time histories and response spectra[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1974,100(EM4):635-655.
[23]Ohsaki Y.On the significance of phase content in earthquake ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1979,7(5):427-439.
[24]胡聿贤,何训.考虑相位谱的人造地震动反应谱拟合[J].地震工程与工程振动,1986,6(2):37-51.
[25]Jamshid G,Lin C C J.Newmethod of generating spectrumcompatible accelerograms using neural networks[J].Earthquake Engineering and Struc-tural Dynamics,1998,27(4):377-396.
[26]Lin C C J,Jamshid G.Generating multiple spectrum compatible accelerograms using stochastic neural networks[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,2001,30(7):1021-1042.
[27]Beaudet P R.Synthesis of nonstationary seismic signal[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1970,60(5):1615-1624.
[28]Saragoni G R,Hart G C.Simulation of artificial earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1974,2(3):249-267.
[29]Chang MK,Kwiatkowski J W,Nau R F,et al.ARMAmodels for earthquake ground motion[R].ORC79-1,Operations Research Center,U.C.Berkeley,1979.
[30]Page C H.Instantaneous power spectra[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1952,23(1):103-106.
[31]Priestley M B.Evolutionary spectra and non-stationary processes[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,Series B Methodological,1965,27(2):204-237.
[32]Priestley MB.Power spectral analysis of non-stationary random processes[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1967,6(1):86-97.
[33]Mark W D.Spectral analysis of the convolution and filtering of non-stationary stochastic processes[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1970,11(1):19-63.
[34]Kameda H.Evolutionary spectra of seismogram by multifilter[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,ASCE,1975,101(6):787-801.
[35]Kameda H,Goto H,Sugito M,et al.Prediction of nonstationary earthquake motions for given magnitude,Distance and specific site condition[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Stanford University,1979:243-252.
[36]Kameda H,Sugito M,Asamara,T.Simulated earthquake motions scaled for magnitude,distance and local soil conditions[C]//Proceedings of the7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1980,2:295-302.
[37]Goto H,Sugito M,Kameda H,et al.Prediction of nonstationary earthquake motions for moderate and great earthquakes on rock surface[R].Annu-als,Disaster prevention research institute,Kyoto University,1984,27,B-2:19-48.
[38]梁建文.非平稳地震动过程模拟方法(Ⅰ)[J].地震学报,2005,27(2):213-228.
[39]梁建文.非平稳地震动过程模拟方法(Ⅱ)[J].地震学报,2005,27(3):346-351.
[40]Hoshiga M,Chiba T.Physical spectral of earthquake acceleration[C]//Proceedings of the 4th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium,1975.
[41]Yokoyama T,Theofanopoulos N,Watabe M.Distribution of phase differences in relation to the earthquake magnitude,distance to the fault and lo-cal soil conditions[C]//Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1988:2.
[42]Matsukawa K,Watabe M,Theofanopulos NA,Tohdo M.Phase characteristics of earthquake ground motions and those applications to synthetic ones[C]//Transactions of the 9th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology,1987,K1:43-48.
[43]Sigbjx¨rnsson R,Baldvinsson G I,Thr偄insson H,幃lafsson S,Gardasd幃tir G Th,Th幃rarinsson幃.On seismic hazard in Iceland—a stochastic simulationapproach[C]//Proceeding of the 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1994:111-116.
[44]Kanda J,Iwasaki R,Ohsaki Y,et al.Generation of simulated earthquake ground motions considering target response spectra of various damping ra-tio[C]//Transactions of the 7th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology,1983,K(a):71-79.
[45]Naraoka K,Watanabe T.Generation of nonstationary earthquake ground motions using phase characteristics[C]//Transactions of the 9th Interna-tional Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology,1987,K1:37-42.
[46]朱昱,冯启民.相位差谱的分布特征和人造地震动[J].地震工程与工程振动,1992,12(1):37-44.
[47]Thr偄insson H,Kiremidjian A S,Winterstein S R.Modeling of earthquake ground motion in the frequency domain,Technical Report 134[R].TheJohn A.Blume Earthquake Engineering Center,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,California:USA,2000.
[48]Nigam N C.Phase properties of a class of random process[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1982,11(10):711-717.
[49]Boore D M.Phase derivatives and simulation of strong ground motions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93(3):1132-1143.
[50]Shrikhande M,Gupta VK.On the characterization of the phase spectrumfor strong motion synthesis[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2001,5(4):465-482.
[51]Goupillaud P,Grossmann A,Morlet J.Cycle-octave and related transforms in seismic signal analysis[J].Geoexploration,1984,23(1):85-102.
[52]Huang NE,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series anal-ysis[J].Proceeding of the Royal Society of London,1998,A(454):903-995.
[53]Zhang R,Ma S.HHTanalysis of earthquake motion recordings and its implications to simulation of ground motion[C]//Schueller G I,Spanos PD.Proceedings of the International Conference on Monte Carlo Simulation,Monte Carlo,Monaco,2000:483-490.
[54]王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004.
[55]Kamae K,Irikura K,Pitarka A.A technique for simulating strong ground motions using hybrid Green’s function[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1998,88(2):357-367.
[56]Trifunac MD.Amethod for synthesizing realistic strong ground motion[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1971,61(6):1739-1753.
[57]Trifurnic MD.Empirical model for scaling fourier amplitude spectral of strong ground acceleration in term of earthquake magnitude,souce-to-sta-tion distance and recording site conditions[J].Bulletin of the seismological society of American,1976,66(4):1343-1373.
[58]Wong HL,Trifunac M D.Synthesizing realistic ground motion accelerograms[R].University of Southern California:Report No.CE78?07,LosAngeles,CA.,1978.
[59]魏颖,廖振鹏.地震动加速度图的合成[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1987.
[60]金星,廖振鹏.重大工程场地设计地震动与地震动场的研究[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1992.
[61]赵凤新,胡聿贤.时程的相位差特性及设计地震动的合成[D].北京:国家地震局地球物理研究所,1992.
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