塔里木盆地基底卷入扭压构造与巴楚隆起的形成
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摘要
在板块斜向碰撞中,与走滑断层相伴生的隆升是弯曲挤压的必然结果。印度板块与欧亚板块的斜向碰撞使得塔里木盆地边界和内部发育的基底卷入构造大多表现出逆冲与走滑断裂的双重特征。本文通过地震、钻井和构造几何学、地面资料约束研究表明,巴楚隆起两侧的阿恰-吐木休克和色力布亚-玛扎塔格断裂是由基底卷入构造和扭压构造复合而成的基底卷入扭压构造。这种构造样式的组合包括3个部分,即两端的基底走滑断裂和中段的基底卷入逆冲断裂。巴楚隆起的形成主要与阿恰-吐木休克断裂的基底卷入扭压构造活动有关。巴楚隆起的形成过程具有“跷跷板”特点,可分两个阶段:巴楚隆起前石炭纪沿南缘的玛扎塔格断裂抬升,地层最大剥蚀厚度至少530m;前古近纪,主要剥蚀区沿吐木休克断裂以南展布,推测最大剥蚀厚度超过1100m。巴楚隆起南段的主变形期是在前石炭纪完成的,地层缩短量约占55%;北段推迟到前古近纪,缩短量占55%;而中段的地层缩短量一直在逐步增强,前上新世达到最大,占52%。
The uplift concomitance with strike-slip faults is consequent on restraining bend in plate oblique collision. The oblique collision of the India and Eurasian plate cause the basement-involved structure of the Tarim Basin boundary and inside to put mostly up the double features as thrust and strike-slip fault. According to seismic, well data, remote sensing geology and structural geometry, this paper indicated the the basement-involved transpressional structure is a composite of basement-involved structure and basement-transpressional structure such as the Aqia-Tumuxiule faults and Selibuya-Mazatagh faults located on the both sides of the Bachu uplift. The combination of these structural styles consists of three sections: basement strike-slip faults on the both ends and basement-involved thrust in the middle part. The formation of the Bachu uplift mainly related to the action of basement-involved transpressional structure of the Aqia-Tumuxiule faults. The evolution of the Bachu uplift presents the characteristics of "Seesaw" and can divide into two periods: the southern Bachu uplift raised along the Mazatagh fault before the Carboniferous, the maximum erosional thickness at least 530 m; and before the Paleogene the main erosion area exhibited to the south of the Tumuxiuke fault, the maximum erosional thickness more than 1100 m. The main deformation of the southern Bachu uplift completed before the Carboniferous and the strata reduction is about 55%. The northern part had postponed to pre-Paleogene and the strata reduction is also about 55%. However, the strata reduction in the middle part of the Bachu uplift is different from the northern and southern parts and escalated at all times to reach the maximum before pre-Pliocene, and accounts for 52%.
The uplift concomitance with strike-slip faults is consequent on restraining bend in plate oblique collision. The oblique collision of the India and Eurasian plate cause the basement-involved structure of the Tarim Basin boundary and inside to put mostly up the double features as thrust and strike-slip fault. According to seismic, well data, remote sensing geology and structural geometry, this paper indicated the the basement-involved transpressional structure is a composite of basement-involved structure and basement-transpressional structure such as the Aqia-Tumuxiule faults and Selibuya-Mazatagh faults located on the both sides of the Bachu uplift. The combination of these structural styles consists of three sections: basement strike-slip faults on the both ends and basement-involved thrust in the middle part. The formation of the Bachu uplift mainly related to the action of basement-involved transpressional structure of the Aqia-Tumuxiule faults. The evolution of the Bachu uplift presents the characteristics of "Seesaw" and can divide into two periods: the southern Bachu uplift raised along the Mazatagh fault before the Carboniferous, the maximum erosional thickness at least 530 m; and before the Paleogene the main erosion area exhibited to the south of the Tumuxiuke fault, the maximum erosional thickness more than 1100 m. The main deformation of the southern Bachu uplift completed before the Carboniferous and the strata reduction is about 55%. The northern part had postponed to pre-Paleogene and the strata reduction is also about 55%. However, the strata reduction in the middle part of the Bachu uplift is different from the northern and southern parts and escalated at all times to reach the maximum before pre-Pliocene, and accounts for 52%.
引文
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何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.2000.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆中新生代的构造演化.北京大学学报(自然科学版),36(4):539~546.
贾承造.1997.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社.
贾承造.2004.塔里木盆地板块构造与大陆动力学.北京:石油工业出版社,21~29.
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李洪辉,张光亚,刘建新,等.1998.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆油气勘探模式.石油勘探与开发,25(5):11~13.
李向东,王元龙,黄智龙.1996.康西瓦走滑构造带及其大地构造意义.新疆地质,14(3):204~212.
刘志宏,林东成,王文革,等.2001.塔里木盆地吐木休克断裂带的研究.长春科技大学学报,31(3):219~223,235.
汤良杰,张一伟,金之钧,等.2004.塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地的开合旋回.地质通报,23(3):254~260.
田作基.1996.南天山造山带和塔北前陆盆地构造样式及油气远景.成都:成都科技大学出版社,55~63.
王桂梁,谭海樵,姜波,等.1997.压剪性构造的三维构造样式.地质科学,32(3):375~386.
肖安成,李景义,张春生.1998.塔里木盆地色力布亚断裂系的走滑双重构造特征.江汉石油学院学报,20(2):6~12.
肖安成,杨树锋,王清华,等.2002.塔里木盆地巴楚—柯坪地区南北向断裂系统的空间对应性研究.地质科学,37(增刊):64~72.
肖序常,汤耀庆,李锦轶,等.1991.古中亚复合巨型缝合带南缘构造演化.见:肖序常,汤耀庆,主编.古中亚复合巨型缝合带南缘构造演化.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1~29.
谢晓安,胡素云,卢华复.1998.探讨塔里木盆地巴楚断隆的正反转构造.地质论评,44(1):1~6.
杨春林.1999.塔里木盆地压扭构造组合与油气聚集.石油地球物理勘探,34(6):682~689.
赵越,徐守礼,杨振宇.1996.沿大型走滑断裂系的隆升.地质科学,31(1):1~14.
朱德丰.1998.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆北缘吐木休克断裂带及邻区构造样式与油气远景.中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文,1~99.
Avouac J P,Tapponnier P T.1993.Kinematic model of activedeformationin Central Asia.Geology R.Lett.,70:895~898.
Handing T P,Lowell J D.1979.Structural styles,their plate-tectonic,and hydrocarbon traps in petroleumprovinces.AAPGBulletin,63(7):1016~1058.
Harland WB.1971.Tectonic transpression in Caledonian Spitzbergen.Geol.Mag.,108:27~42.
Lowell J D.1983.Rocky Mountainforeland basins and uplifts:Denver,Colorado.Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,1~392.
Mitra S,Mount V S.1998.Foreland basement—involved structures.AAPG Bulletin,82(1):70~109.
Prucha J J,GrahamJ A,Nickelson R P.1965.Basement controlleddeformationin Wyoming province of Rocky Mountain foreland.AAPG Bulletin,49:966~992.
Rogers J.1987.Chains of basement uplifts within cratons marginalto orogenic belts.American Journal of Science,287:661~692.
StearnsDW.1978.FaultingandforcedfoldingintheRocky Mountainforeland.In Matthews III V,ed.Laramide Folding Associatedwith Basement Block Faulting in the Western United States.Geological Society of America Memoir151,1~37.
Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Le Dain A Y,et al.1982.Propagatingextrusion tectonics in Asia:Newinsight from si mple experi mentswith plasticine.Geology,10:611~616.
Vauchez A,Nicolas A.1991.Mountain building:strike-parallelmotion and mantle anisotropy.Tectonophysics,185:183~201.
Wilcox R,Handing T P,Seely D K.1973.Basic wrench tectonics.AAPG Bulletin,57:74~96.
董大忠,肖安成.1998.塔里木盆地西南坳陷石油地质特征及油气资源.北京:石油工业出版社,22~28.
龚铭,邵鸿良,伍泓,等.1995.塔里木盆地断裂构造样式与油气关系探讨.石油与天然气地质,16(1):11~21.
何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.2005.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化.石油与天然气地质,26(1):64~77.
何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.2000.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆中新生代的构造演化.北京大学学报(自然科学版),36(4):539~546.
贾承造.1997.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社.
贾承造.2004.塔里木盆地板块构造与大陆动力学.北京:石油工业出版社,21~29.
姜春发,杨经绥,冯秉贵,等.1987.昆仑开合构造.地质专报(五):构造地质力学第12号.北京:地质出版社,164~195.
金之钧,汤良杰,杨明慧,等.2002.中国中西部地区中新生代陆内前陆盆地的主要特征.中国中西部前陆盆地冲断带油气勘探文集.北京:石油工业出版社,47~56.
李洪辉,张光亚,刘建新,等.1998.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆油气勘探模式.石油勘探与开发,25(5):11~13.
李向东,王元龙,黄智龙.1996.康西瓦走滑构造带及其大地构造意义.新疆地质,14(3):204~212.
刘志宏,林东成,王文革,等.2001.塔里木盆地吐木休克断裂带的研究.长春科技大学学报,31(3):219~223,235.
汤良杰,张一伟,金之钧,等.2004.塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地的开合旋回.地质通报,23(3):254~260.
田作基.1996.南天山造山带和塔北前陆盆地构造样式及油气远景.成都:成都科技大学出版社,55~63.
王桂梁,谭海樵,姜波,等.1997.压剪性构造的三维构造样式.地质科学,32(3):375~386.
肖安成,李景义,张春生.1998.塔里木盆地色力布亚断裂系的走滑双重构造特征.江汉石油学院学报,20(2):6~12.
肖安成,杨树锋,王清华,等.2002.塔里木盆地巴楚—柯坪地区南北向断裂系统的空间对应性研究.地质科学,37(增刊):64~72.
肖序常,汤耀庆,李锦轶,等.1991.古中亚复合巨型缝合带南缘构造演化.见:肖序常,汤耀庆,主编.古中亚复合巨型缝合带南缘构造演化.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1~29.
谢晓安,胡素云,卢华复.1998.探讨塔里木盆地巴楚断隆的正反转构造.地质论评,44(1):1~6.
杨春林.1999.塔里木盆地压扭构造组合与油气聚集.石油地球物理勘探,34(6):682~689.
赵越,徐守礼,杨振宇.1996.沿大型走滑断裂系的隆升.地质科学,31(1):1~14.
朱德丰.1998.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆北缘吐木休克断裂带及邻区构造样式与油气远景.中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文,1~99.
Avouac J P,Tapponnier P T.1993.Kinematic model of activedeformationin Central Asia.Geology R.Lett.,70:895~898.
Handing T P,Lowell J D.1979.Structural styles,their plate-tectonic,and hydrocarbon traps in petroleumprovinces.AAPGBulletin,63(7):1016~1058.
Harland WB.1971.Tectonic transpression in Caledonian Spitzbergen.Geol.Mag.,108:27~42.
Lowell J D.1983.Rocky Mountainforeland basins and uplifts:Denver,Colorado.Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,1~392.
Mitra S,Mount V S.1998.Foreland basement—involved structures.AAPG Bulletin,82(1):70~109.
Prucha J J,GrahamJ A,Nickelson R P.1965.Basement controlleddeformationin Wyoming province of Rocky Mountain foreland.AAPG Bulletin,49:966~992.
Rogers J.1987.Chains of basement uplifts within cratons marginalto orogenic belts.American Journal of Science,287:661~692.
StearnsDW.1978.FaultingandforcedfoldingintheRocky Mountainforeland.In Matthews III V,ed.Laramide Folding Associatedwith Basement Block Faulting in the Western United States.Geological Society of America Memoir151,1~37.
Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Le Dain A Y,et al.1982.Propagatingextrusion tectonics in Asia:Newinsight from si mple experi mentswith plasticine.Geology,10:611~616.
Vauchez A,Nicolas A.1991.Mountain building:strike-parallelmotion and mantle anisotropy.Tectonophysics,185:183~201.
Wilcox R,Handing T P,Seely D K.1973.Basic wrench tectonics.AAPG Bulletin,57:74~96.
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