含气地层弹性性质及其波场响应
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摘要
根据储层条件下天然气及地层水弹性参数变化特征的分析,通过含气地层纵、横波速度的计算,采用物理模拟与实验分析,含气地层具有以下波场响应特征:同一地层条件下相对比重较大的天然气比相对比重轻的天然气具有更高的纵波速度;含盐水岩石的纵波速度随盐水矿化度的增高而增大;流体性质不同对纵波速度影响较大,而对横波速度影响很小。地层所含流体不同其波场响应具有一定的差异,含气地层具有较强的反射能量,含水地层反射能量相对减弱;非均质性含气地层其波场响应中绕射波比较发育。
Based on analysis of variation of elastic properties of natural gas and formation water under reservoir conditions,calculation of compressional velocity and shear velocity through gas-bearing strata,and physical si-mulation and experimental analysis,it is believed that gas-bearing strata are characterized by the following seismic responses: compresional velocity of gas with larger specific gravity is higher than that of gas with smaller specific gravity;compresional velocity in rocks containing saline water increases with increasing water salinity;and fluid properties have relatively large influence on compressional velocity,but have little influence on shear velocity.There would be a certain different seismic responses in strata bearing different fluids.Reflected energy in gas-bearing strata is relatively strong,while that in water-bearing strata is relatively weak.Seismic response in he-terogeneous gas-bearing strata would be characterized by relatively well developed diffracted wave.
Based on analysis of variation of elastic properties of natural gas and formation water under reservoir conditions,calculation of compressional velocity and shear velocity through gas-bearing strata,and physical si-mulation and experimental analysis,it is believed that gas-bearing strata are characterized by the following seismic responses: compresional velocity of gas with larger specific gravity is higher than that of gas with smaller specific gravity;compresional velocity in rocks containing saline water increases with increasing water salinity;and fluid properties have relatively large influence on compressional velocity,but have little influence on shear velocity.There would be a certain different seismic responses in strata bearing different fluids.Reflected energy in gas-bearing strata is relatively strong,while that in water-bearing strata is relatively weak.Seismic response in he-terogeneous gas-bearing strata would be characterized by relatively well developed diffracted wave.
引文
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2徐峰,杨金华.轮南地区碳酸盐岩油气藏的地震响应特征[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(3):228~231Xu Feng,Yang Jinhua.The characteristics of Seism ic responsesof carbonate reservoir in Lunnan area[J].O il&Gas Geology,1999,20(3):228-231
3张玉芬,凌峰,程冰洁.井约束地震道反演和多项式拟合的联合应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):388~390Zhang Yufen,L ing Feng,Cheng B ingjie.Application of well logconstrained seism ic trace inversion conb ined w ith polynom ial fit-ting[J].O il&Gas Geology,2001,22(4):388-390
4 K ingM S,Marsden J R,D enn is JW.B iot d ispersion for P-andS-wave velocity in partially and fu lly saturated sandstone[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48(6):1 075-1 089
5 Mavko G,Nolen-Hoeksema R.Estimating seism ic velocity in par-tially saturated rocks[J].Geophysics,1994,59(1):252-258
6 C lark V A.The effect of oil under in-situ cond itions on the seis-m ic properties of rocks[J].Geophysics,1992,57(7):894-901
7 Batzle M,W ang Z.Seism ic properties of pore flu id[J].Geophy-sics,1992,57(11):1 396-1 408
8 Gassmann F.E lastic waves through a pack ing of spheres[J].Geophysics,1951,16(4):673-685
9 Berryman J,M ilton G.Exact resu lts for generalized Gassmann’sequation in composite porous m ed ia w ith two constituents[J].Geophysics,1991,66(12):1 950-1 960
10 Zarembo V I,FederovM K.D ensity of sod ium chloride solutionsin the temperature range 25-350℃at pressures up to 1 000 kg/cm2[J].Journal of Applied Chem istry USSR,1975,48:1 949-1 953
11 W yllie M R J,G regory A R,Gardner L W.E lastic wave veloci-ties in heterogeneous and porousm ed ia[J].Geophysics,1956,21(1):41-70
12王尚旭,狄帮让,魏建新.断层物理模型实验及其地震响应特征分析[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):733~735,744W ang Shangxu,D i Bangrang,W ei Jianxin.Seism ic physicalmodeling of fau lt and its analysis[J].Earth Science—Journal ofCh ina Un iversity of Geosciences,2002,27(6):733-735,744
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