振动台试验叠层剪切型土箱的研制
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摘要
在总结国内外振动台试验用土箱的基础上,研制了一个15层叠层方钢管框架并辅之以双侧面钢板约束的叠层剪切型模型土箱,钢管框架层间相对运动和垂直振动方向两边界的自由运动大大削弱了土箱边界效应。平行振动方向土箱两侧安装4根立柱,立柱上安装与土箱侧壁接触的若干轴承以限制箱内土体的转动。采用正弦波激振的扫频法测量了模型土箱的自振频率,与ABAQUS软件模拟的计算结果基本一致;采用脉冲信号激振的自由振动法,测量了土箱的阻尼比;进行了正弦波和地震波激励的自由场地振动台试验研究,测试了模型地基地表和1m深处的加速度时程,提出边界效应指数作为衡量土箱边界效应的指标并对几种土箱进行了比较。结果表明:设计的叠层剪切型土箱能较好地模拟自由场地的边界条件,比较理想地削弱了边界上地震波的反射或散射效应。
Based on the investigation of the shaking table tests at home and abroad,a laminar shear container is designed. The developed laminar box is a large-size shear box consisting of fifteen horizontal layers made of steel tubes. Each layer has an external dimension of 3.7 m by 2.2 m in size and 0.1 m in thickness. The layers can move relatively to one another in accordance with the deformation of the soils inside. The boundary effects will also be weakened considerably because of the free movement of two boundaries. On the two side faces parallel to the vibration direction, the four upright columns are installed. Several shafting bearings on each column are all contacted with the side face of the box. The rotation of the soils will be limited. And then, the container is evaluated by comparing the measured acceleration records in free field under simple harmonic waves and seismic excitations. A statistical index is presented to evaluate and compare the boundary effects of several kinds of soil containers. The results show that the developed laminar shear soil container is successful in simulating the soil boundary condition. It is an ideal container to weaken the reflection and scattering effect of waves on the boundaries.
Based on the investigation of the shaking table tests at home and abroad,a laminar shear container is designed. The developed laminar box is a large-size shear box consisting of fifteen horizontal layers made of steel tubes. Each layer has an external dimension of 3.7 m by 2.2 m in size and 0.1 m in thickness. The layers can move relatively to one another in accordance with the deformation of the soils inside. The boundary effects will also be weakened considerably because of the free movement of two boundaries. On the two side faces parallel to the vibration direction, the four upright columns are installed. Several shafting bearings on each column are all contacted with the side face of the box. The rotation of the soils will be limited. And then, the container is evaluated by comparing the measured acceleration records in free field under simple harmonic waves and seismic excitations. A statistical index is presented to evaluate and compare the boundary effects of several kinds of soil containers. The results show that the developed laminar shear soil container is successful in simulating the soil boundary condition. It is an ideal container to weaken the reflection and scattering effect of waves on the boundaries.
引文
[1]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验中模型箱设计的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):75–78.(YANG Lin-de,JI Qian-qian,ZHENG Yong-lai,et al.Study on design of test box in shaking table test for subway station structure in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):75–78.(in Chinese))
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[8]王志华,陈国兴,宰金珉.考虑SSI效应的TMD减震特性振动台模型试验研究[J].南京工业大学学报,2002,24(5):34–39.(WANG Zhi-hua,CHEN Guo-xing,ZAI Jin-min.Shaking table model testing of TMD shock absorbing characteristics considering soil-structural interaction effects[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology,2002,24(5):34–39.(in Chinese))
[9]WHITMAN R V,LAMBE P C.Effect of boundary conditions upon centrifuge experiments using ground motion simulation[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1986,9:61–71.
[10]MATSUDA T,GOTO Y.Studies on experimental technique of shaking table test for geotechnical problem[C]//Proceedings of the9th World Conference Earthquake Engineering,Tokyo,1998:837–842.
[11]PRASAD S K.Evaluation of deformation characteristics of1-g model ground during shaking using a laminar box[D].Tokyo:University of Tokyo,1996.
[12]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报,2002,30(7):781–785.(WU Xxiao-ping,SUN Li-min,HU Shi-de,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University,2002,30(7):781–785.(in Chinese))
[13]凌贤长,王臣,王志强,等.自由场地基液化大型振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):138–143.(LING Xian-zhang,WANG Chen,WANG Zhi-qiang,et al.Study on large-scale shaking table proportional model test for free-ground liquefaction arisen from earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(6):138–143.(in Chinese))
[14]苏栋,李相菘.砂土自由场地震响应的离心机试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(2):166–170.(SU Dong,LI Xiang-song.Centrifuge modeling of seismic response of free sand ground[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(2):166–170.(in Chinese))
[15]苏栋,李相菘.可液化土中单桩地震响应的离心机试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(4):423–427.(SU Dong,LI Xiang-song.Centrifuge investigation on seismic response of single pile in liquefiable soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(4):423–427.(in Chinese))
[16]CHE A L,TAKAHIRO I,GE X R.Study on dynamic response of embedded long span corrugated steel culverts using scaled model shaking table test and numerical analyses[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science A),2006,6(3):430–435.
[17]刘光磊.饱和地基中地铁地下结构地震反应机理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2007.(LIU Guang-lei.Research on the seismic response mechanism of underground subway structures in saturated foundation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2007.(in Chinese))
[18]史晓军.非一致地震激励地下综合管廊大型振动台试验研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.(SHI Xiao-jun.Shaking table tests of utility tunnel under non-uniform earthquake wave excitation[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.(in Chinese))
[2]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来,等.软土地铁车站结构的振动台模型试验[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(1):7–11.(YANG Lin-de,JI Qian-qian,ZHENG Yong-lai,et al.Shaking table test on metro station structures in soft soi[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2003,40(1):7–11.(in Chinese))
[3]陈国兴,庄海洋,程绍革,等.土–地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验–试验方案设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):178–183.(CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,CHENG Shao-ge,et al.A large-scale shaking table test for dynamic soil-metro tunnel interaction:test scheme[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(6):178–183.(in Chinese))
[4]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,等.土–地铁车站结构动力相互作用的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(2):171–176.(CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,DU Xiu-li,et al.Analysis of large-scale shaking table test of dynamic soil-subway station interaction[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(2):171–176.(in Chinese))
[5]MEYMAND P.Shaking table scale model test of nonlinear soil-pile-superstructure interaction in soft caly[D].Berkeley:University of California,1998.
[6]陈跃庆,吕西林,李培振,等.分层土–基础–高层框架结构相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(3):104–112.(CHEN Yao-qing,LüXi-lin,LI Pei-zhen,et al.Shaking table testing for layered soil-foundation-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(3):104–112.(in Chinese))
[7]陈国兴,王志华,宰金珉.考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震大型振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):117–127.(CHEN Guo-xing,WANG Zhi-hua,ZAI Jin-min.Shaking table model testing of strueture suppressing vibration control including soil-structure interaction effects[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(4):117–127.(in Chinese))
[8]王志华,陈国兴,宰金珉.考虑SSI效应的TMD减震特性振动台模型试验研究[J].南京工业大学学报,2002,24(5):34–39.(WANG Zhi-hua,CHEN Guo-xing,ZAI Jin-min.Shaking table model testing of TMD shock absorbing characteristics considering soil-structural interaction effects[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology,2002,24(5):34–39.(in Chinese))
[9]WHITMAN R V,LAMBE P C.Effect of boundary conditions upon centrifuge experiments using ground motion simulation[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1986,9:61–71.
[10]MATSUDA T,GOTO Y.Studies on experimental technique of shaking table test for geotechnical problem[C]//Proceedings of the9th World Conference Earthquake Engineering,Tokyo,1998:837–842.
[11]PRASAD S K.Evaluation of deformation characteristics of1-g model ground during shaking using a laminar box[D].Tokyo:University of Tokyo,1996.
[12]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报,2002,30(7):781–785.(WU Xxiao-ping,SUN Li-min,HU Shi-de,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University,2002,30(7):781–785.(in Chinese))
[13]凌贤长,王臣,王志强,等.自由场地基液化大型振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):138–143.(LING Xian-zhang,WANG Chen,WANG Zhi-qiang,et al.Study on large-scale shaking table proportional model test for free-ground liquefaction arisen from earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(6):138–143.(in Chinese))
[14]苏栋,李相菘.砂土自由场地震响应的离心机试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(2):166–170.(SU Dong,LI Xiang-song.Centrifuge modeling of seismic response of free sand ground[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(2):166–170.(in Chinese))
[15]苏栋,李相菘.可液化土中单桩地震响应的离心机试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(4):423–427.(SU Dong,LI Xiang-song.Centrifuge investigation on seismic response of single pile in liquefiable soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(4):423–427.(in Chinese))
[16]CHE A L,TAKAHIRO I,GE X R.Study on dynamic response of embedded long span corrugated steel culverts using scaled model shaking table test and numerical analyses[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science A),2006,6(3):430–435.
[17]刘光磊.饱和地基中地铁地下结构地震反应机理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2007.(LIU Guang-lei.Research on the seismic response mechanism of underground subway structures in saturated foundation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2007.(in Chinese))
[18]史晓军.非一致地震激励地下综合管廊大型振动台试验研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.(SHI Xiao-jun.Shaking table tests of utility tunnel under non-uniform earthquake wave excitation[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.(in Chinese))
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