青藏高原羌塘盆地中央隆起近地表速度结构的初至波层析成像试验
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摘要
利用2条衔接并横过青藏高原羌塘盆地中央隆起的反射地震剖面探测数据,进行了初至波层析成像试验,以揭示羌塘中央隆起的表层结构特征。研究结果表明,大药量的反射地震单炮记录初至清晰,长排列接收丰富了浅表构造趋势特征的信息,层析走时射线密度随地下构造的复杂程度而变化。层析反演得到的速度结构显示了高速层起伏剧烈的变化特征,其厚度与地表出露地层的年代负相关。深反射地震初至波走时层析成像可以提供丰富的地壳近地表结构信息。
In 2007 and 2008 two reflection seismic profiles that linking up and crossing the central uplift of the Qiangtang basin were acquired in Tibetan Plateau.The aim of this paper is to take advantage of these probe data and test the first arrival tomographic method to image the near-surface velocity structure of the central uplift in the Qiangtang.The results indicate that the first arrivals are clear in the recordings of high dynamite shots,and the detailed shallow structure trend emerges at long array receivers.The tomographic travel-rays assemble where the structure is complex underground.The tomographic image reveals the undulate character of the high velocity structure both vertical and horizontal.The thickness of the high velocity structure has negative correlation with the age of the outcrop.All the research testifies that The first arrival seismic tomographic imaging method can provide more detailed nearsurface velocity structure information.
In 2007 and 2008 two reflection seismic profiles that linking up and crossing the central uplift of the Qiangtang basin were acquired in Tibetan Plateau.The aim of this paper is to take advantage of these probe data and test the first arrival tomographic method to image the near-surface velocity structure of the central uplift in the Qiangtang.The results indicate that the first arrivals are clear in the recordings of high dynamite shots,and the detailed shallow structure trend emerges at long array receivers.The tomographic travel-rays assemble where the structure is complex underground.The tomographic image reveals the undulate character of the high velocity structure both vertical and horizontal.The thickness of the high velocity structure has negative correlation with the age of the outcrop.All the research testifies that The first arrival seismic tomographic imaging method can provide more detailed nearsurface velocity structure information.
引文
[1]黄继钧.藏北羌塘盆地构造特征及演化[J].中国区域地质,2001,20(2):178-186.
[2]赵政璋,李永铁,王岫岩,等.羌塘盆地南部海相侏罗系古油藏例析[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(3):34-36.
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[9]林伯香,孙晶梅,刘清林.层析成像低速带速度反演和静校正方法[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):136-140.
[10]宋桂桥,尹天奎,刘连升.关于塔里木沙漠区低速带调查重新定位的思考[J].石油物探,2008,47(4):372-375.
[11]常旭,王辉.地震法隐伏矿脉空间定位研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):408-415.
[12]史大年,吕庆田,徐明才,等.铜陵矿集区地壳浅表结构的地震层析研究[J].矿床地质,2004,23(3):383-389.
[13]冯锐,李晓芹,陶裕录,等.电阻率层析成像用于水文地质勘探[J].地震学报,1997,19(6):655-663.
[14]Andersion D L.Seismic tomography of the Earth′s interior[J].American Scientist,1984,172:345-359.
[15]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.Tomographic imaging of P andS wave velocity structure beneath north eastern Japan[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97:19909-19928.
[16]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.Deep structure of Japan sub-duction zones derived from local regional and teleseismic events[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(B11):22313-22329.
[17]吴建平,明跃红,叶太兰,等.体波波形反演对青藏高原上地幔速度结构的研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):15-25.
[18]吕庆田,姜枚,许志琴,等.印度板块俯冲仅到特提斯喜马拉雅之下的地震层析证据[J].科学通报,1998,43(12):1308-1311.
[19]朱介寿,蔡学林,曹家敏,等.中国及相邻区域岩石圈结构及动力学意义[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):793-803.
[20]郑洪伟,李廷栋,高锐,等.印度板块岩石圈地幔向北俯冲到羌塘地体之下的远震P波层析成像证据[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1418-1426.
[21]张雪梅,孙若昧,滕吉文.青藏高原及其邻区地壳、岩石圈和软流层厚度研究[J].科学通报,2007,52(3):332-338.
[22]朱介寿.汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):348-356.
[23]王海燕,高锐,卢占武,等.地球深部探测的先锋——深地震反射方法的发展与应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1):7-13,19.
[24]Gao R,Li P W,Li Q S,et al.Deep process of the collision and de-formation in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau?:Revelationfrom investigation of the deep seismic profiles[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,44(Supp):71-78.
[25]高锐,肖序常,高弘,等.西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,2002,21(1):11-18.
[26]卢占武,高锐,匡朝阳,等.青藏高原羌塘盆地二维地震数据采集方法试验研究[J].地学前缘,2006,13(5):382-389.
[27]张继国,刘连升.复杂区初至层析反演静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):382-385,395.
[28]高星.地震层析成像研究的回顾与展望[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):41-45.
[29]薛为平,宋阳,刘居文,等.准噶尔盆地石南地区静校正方法应用研究[J].石油勘探,2006,45(6):615-618.
[30]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原羌塘盆地石油地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[31]李家康,余钦范.高陡山区近地表速度的求取[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):60-64.
[32]张中杰.地震各向异性研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):281-293.
[33]成谷,马在田,张宝金,等.地震层析成像中存在的主要问题及应对策略[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):512-518.
[2]赵政璋,李永铁,王岫岩,等.羌塘盆地南部海相侏罗系古油藏例析[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(3):34-36.
[3]黄继钧,伊海生,林金辉.羌塘盆地构造特征及油气远景初步分析[J].地质科学,2003,39(1):1-10.
[4]Gao R,Lu Z W,Li Q S,et al.Geophysical survey and geodynamic第28卷第6期study of crust and upper mantle in the Qinhai-Tibet Plateau[J].Episodes,2005,28(4):263-273.
[5]方立敏,鲁兵,刘池阳,等.羌塘盆地中部隆起的演化及其在油气勘探中的意义[J].地质评论,2002,48(3):279-283.
[6]Yin A,Harrison T M.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetanorogen[J].Annu.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.,2000,28:211-280.
[7]Kapp Paul,Yin An,Harrison T Mark,et al.Cretaceous-Tertiaryshortening,basin development,and volcanism in central Tibet[J].Ge-ological Society of America,2005,117(7/8):865-878.
[8]程国栋,赵林.青藏高原开发中的冻土问题[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(6):521-531.
[9]林伯香,孙晶梅,刘清林.层析成像低速带速度反演和静校正方法[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):136-140.
[10]宋桂桥,尹天奎,刘连升.关于塔里木沙漠区低速带调查重新定位的思考[J].石油物探,2008,47(4):372-375.
[11]常旭,王辉.地震法隐伏矿脉空间定位研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):408-415.
[12]史大年,吕庆田,徐明才,等.铜陵矿集区地壳浅表结构的地震层析研究[J].矿床地质,2004,23(3):383-389.
[13]冯锐,李晓芹,陶裕录,等.电阻率层析成像用于水文地质勘探[J].地震学报,1997,19(6):655-663.
[14]Andersion D L.Seismic tomography of the Earth′s interior[J].American Scientist,1984,172:345-359.
[15]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.Tomographic imaging of P andS wave velocity structure beneath north eastern Japan[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97:19909-19928.
[16]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.Deep structure of Japan sub-duction zones derived from local regional and teleseismic events[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(B11):22313-22329.
[17]吴建平,明跃红,叶太兰,等.体波波形反演对青藏高原上地幔速度结构的研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):15-25.
[18]吕庆田,姜枚,许志琴,等.印度板块俯冲仅到特提斯喜马拉雅之下的地震层析证据[J].科学通报,1998,43(12):1308-1311.
[19]朱介寿,蔡学林,曹家敏,等.中国及相邻区域岩石圈结构及动力学意义[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):793-803.
[20]郑洪伟,李廷栋,高锐,等.印度板块岩石圈地幔向北俯冲到羌塘地体之下的远震P波层析成像证据[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1418-1426.
[21]张雪梅,孙若昧,滕吉文.青藏高原及其邻区地壳、岩石圈和软流层厚度研究[J].科学通报,2007,52(3):332-338.
[22]朱介寿.汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):348-356.
[23]王海燕,高锐,卢占武,等.地球深部探测的先锋——深地震反射方法的发展与应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1):7-13,19.
[24]Gao R,Li P W,Li Q S,et al.Deep process of the collision and de-formation in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau?:Revelationfrom investigation of the deep seismic profiles[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,44(Supp):71-78.
[25]高锐,肖序常,高弘,等.西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,2002,21(1):11-18.
[26]卢占武,高锐,匡朝阳,等.青藏高原羌塘盆地二维地震数据采集方法试验研究[J].地学前缘,2006,13(5):382-389.
[27]张继国,刘连升.复杂区初至层析反演静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):382-385,395.
[28]高星.地震层析成像研究的回顾与展望[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):41-45.
[29]薛为平,宋阳,刘居文,等.准噶尔盆地石南地区静校正方法应用研究[J].石油勘探,2006,45(6):615-618.
[30]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原羌塘盆地石油地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[31]李家康,余钦范.高陡山区近地表速度的求取[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):60-64.
[32]张中杰.地震各向异性研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):281-293.
[33]成谷,马在田,张宝金,等.地震层析成像中存在的主要问题及应对策略[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):512-518.
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