爆破地震波特性研究
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摘要
结合现场爆破震动信号,从爆破地震波的传播形式、传播方式、波的特征、波的衰减吸收及传播介质的力学模型等方面分析了爆破地震波特性。结果表明:爆破地震波是一种与自然地震波相似但又相区别的非常复杂的随机过程,它是不同幅值、不同频率与不同相位的各种波型叠加而成的复合波。爆破地震波在传播过程中会发生多次反射、折射、绕射、衍射、波型转换甚至波导、层间波等复杂现象,传播过程中波的有关参数和时频特征常与爆源条件、传播介质的物理性质、场地特征及地形等因素紧密相关。地震波在发生几何衰减的同时,还因粘弹性介质的内摩擦和热传导导致能量耗散,使得波能不断衰减。
Combined with the data collected from the in-site monitoring of blasting vibration,the characteristics of blasting-caused seismic wave are analyzed comprehensively from its propagation form,propagation mode,properties,attenuation,absorption and the mechanics model of propagation mediums.The results show that blasting-caused seismic wave,which is a very complex random process resembling to be diffence from seismic wave,is a composite wave composed of kinds of waves with different ranges,frequencies and phases.In the propagation processes of blasting-caused seismic wave,complex phenomena such as many times of wave reflection,refraction,diffraction and wave type diversion even wave-guide and layer wave will happen,and relational parameters and time-frequency characteristics of waves are closely related to the conditions of explosion source,physical properties of propagation medium,field characteristics and terrain.The dissipation of wave energy caused by the inner friction and heat exchange of viscous-elastic mediums accompanied with its geometry attenuation induces the gradual attenuation of wave energy.
Combined with the data collected from the in-site monitoring of blasting vibration,the characteristics of blasting-caused seismic wave are analyzed comprehensively from its propagation form,propagation mode,properties,attenuation,absorption and the mechanics model of propagation mediums.The results show that blasting-caused seismic wave,which is a very complex random process resembling to be diffence from seismic wave,is a composite wave composed of kinds of waves with different ranges,frequencies and phases.In the propagation processes of blasting-caused seismic wave,complex phenomena such as many times of wave reflection,refraction,diffraction and wave type diversion even wave-guide and layer wave will happen,and relational parameters and time-frequency characteristics of waves are closely related to the conditions of explosion source,physical properties of propagation medium,field characteristics and terrain.The dissipation of wave energy caused by the inner friction and heat exchange of viscous-elastic mediums accompanied with its geometry attenuation induces the gradual attenuation of wave energy.
引文
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[18]吴爱祥,孙业志,刘湘平.散体动力学理论及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:163~169.
[2]张奇,白春华,刘庆明.爆炸地震波频谱特性研究[J].北京理工大学学报,1999,19(3):306~308.
[3]李铮,朱瑞赓.爆炸地震波震速的特征系数与衰减指数的研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1986,6(3):221~229.
[4]朱瑞赓,李铮.爆炸地震波的现场测量及其安全距离[J].爆炸与冲击,1982,2(1):60~67.
[5]宋光明.爆破震动小波包分析理论与应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2001.
[6]Wada Yuji,Ma Gui Chen,Nakajima Toshihide,et al.Study on thecontrol of vibration caused by a blasting[J].Kayaku Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Explosives Society,1994:55(4):174~180.
[7]Rodgers Jay.The effect of confinement on ground vibration ampli-tude[J].Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Explosives andBlasting Technique,2003,(II):131~144.
[8]Dowding C H.In Engineering Handbook[M].Prentice Hall,1985:746~760.
[9]李夕兵,张义平,刘志祥,等.爆破震动信号的小波分析与HHT变换[J].爆炸与冲击,2005,25(6):528~535.
[10]凌同华,李夕兵.地下工程爆破震动信号能量分布的小波包分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2004,24(1):63~68.
[11]徐建.建筑振动工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:21~28.
[12]张雪亮,黄树棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981:1~211.
[13]林大超,施惠基,白春华,等.爆炸地震效应的时频分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(1):31~35.
[14]张义平.爆破震动信号的HHT分析与应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
[15]熊代余,顾毅成.岩石爆破理论与技术新进展[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:13~165.
[16]楚泽涵.声波测井原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987:49~58.
[17](美)N H瑞克.粘弹性介质中的地震波[M].北京:地质出版社,1981:7~51.
[18]吴爱祥,孙业志,刘湘平.散体动力学理论及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:163~169.
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