地震采集方法和储层预测技术的探讨
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摘要
本文针对四川盆地现行地震采集方法中存在的问题 ,寻求更有效、合理、经济的方法 ,以获得高质量、信息丰富的资料 ,用于构造研究和储层预测。实践证明 :以井下检波器接收 ,消除空间高频随机噪声替代地面检波器的线性和面积组合 ,可明显提高原始资料的信噪比、分辨率和保真度 ;对平缓以及不太复杂的构造 ,采取固定井下面积接收和移动激发的单次覆盖三维观测系统 ,可提高勘探构造的精度 ,用于预测裂缝发育带 ,并用频谱差曲线横向预测裂缝中的含油气性 ,以提高勘探成功率和效率 ;二维多次覆盖用于普查 ,获油气之后 ,用井下接收三维单次覆盖替代二维多次覆盖详查 ,可降低采集成本 ;用井下接收满覆盖次数的三维采集 ,勘探复杂的高陡构造的重点部位 ,可提高采集质量 ;经处理成自激、自收剖面后 ,可用于油气预测 ;用高分辨率的 VSP和微地震测井资料 ,编制频谱差曲线 ,用来预测目的层的最高频率和分辨率 ,从而确定是否进行高分辨率采集 ,达到合理使用装备的目的。采用以上方法可提高勘探成效 ,降低勘探成本 ,加快勘探进程。
Aimed at existing problems of current seismic acquisition in Sichuan Basin,the paper sought after more efficient,reliable and economic methods in order to obtain data with high quality and rich information that can be used for structure study and reservoir prediction.The practice showed that using downhole receiver to limit the spatial high-frequency random noise instead of linear or areal receiver-array can significantly improve S/N ratio,resolution and fidelity of raw data;adopting single 3-D geometry with fixing downhole areal receiving and moving shot in an area of gentle and uncomplicated structure can improve the precision of structure and to predict fracture-developed belt,meanwhile,using spectral difference curves for lateral prediction of oil-bearing fracture,improving successful opportunity of exploration and efficiency;after using 2-D multiple coverage for reconnaissance and detecting oil and gas,using previous single 3-D exploration with downhole receiving rather than 2-D multiple coverage for detail survey can greatly reduce acquisition cost;using 3-D acquisition with downhole receiving in full fold for exploration of key parts of complicatied and steeply dipping structure can improve acquisition quality and for oil-gas prediction after processing of zero-offset section ; using high-resolution VSP data and uphole survey data and producing spectral difference curves can be used to predict the highest frequency and resolution reflected from the target,so that the decision whether the high-resolution acquisition will be done can be determined,achieving the goal of reasonably using equipment.Adopting above-mentioned tools can improve the success of exploration,reduce cost and speed up process of exploration.
Aimed at existing problems of current seismic acquisition in Sichuan Basin,the paper sought after more efficient,reliable and economic methods in order to obtain data with high quality and rich information that can be used for structure study and reservoir prediction.The practice showed that using downhole receiver to limit the spatial high-frequency random noise instead of linear or areal receiver-array can significantly improve S/N ratio,resolution and fidelity of raw data;adopting single 3-D geometry with fixing downhole areal receiving and moving shot in an area of gentle and uncomplicated structure can improve the precision of structure and to predict fracture-developed belt,meanwhile,using spectral difference curves for lateral prediction of oil-bearing fracture,improving successful opportunity of exploration and efficiency;after using 2-D multiple coverage for reconnaissance and detecting oil and gas,using previous single 3-D exploration with downhole receiving rather than 2-D multiple coverage for detail survey can greatly reduce acquisition cost;using 3-D acquisition with downhole receiving in full fold for exploration of key parts of complicatied and steeply dipping structure can improve acquisition quality and for oil-gas prediction after processing of zero-offset section ; using high-resolution VSP data and uphole survey data and producing spectral difference curves can be used to predict the highest frequency and resolution reflected from the target,so that the decision whether the high-resolution acquisition will be done can be determined,achieving the goal of reasonably using equipment.Adopting above-mentioned tools can improve the success of exploration,reduce cost and speed up process of exploration.
引文
[1] 潘祖福等.取得地震“三高”资料的新方法.天然气工业,1992
[2] 潘祖福等.开发地震的采集和处理新技术.天然气工业,1994
[3] 于佳生编译.用分布式地震仪进行三维地震.石油物探装备,1998
[4] 潘祖福.如何发展四川盆地地震勘探.天然气工业,1998
[2] 潘祖福等.开发地震的采集和处理新技术.天然气工业,1994
[3] 于佳生编译.用分布式地震仪进行三维地震.石油物探装备,1998
[4] 潘祖福.如何发展四川盆地地震勘探.天然气工业,1998
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