保持地震记录叠前AVO属性的噪声衰减方法
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摘要
动校正叠加、F-X预测去噪、KL变换三种方法都能在一定程度上提高地震数据的信噪比和分辨率,但在去噪的同时都会在不同程度上削弱或者破坏振幅随炮检距变化的关系。为此,本文提出了一种保持叠前AVO属性的噪声衰减方法,假设叠前地震数据有效信号在各个地震道上满足简化的佐普里兹三项式方程,不满足该方程的地震信号被认为是噪声而被衰减。简化的佐普里兹三项式方程严格遵循了振幅随炮检距变化的关系,因此去噪后数据信噪比有显著提高,同时保持了原叠前数据各地震道的相对振幅关系,具有较高的保真度。理论模型试算和实际地震数据去噪结果表明,文中方法在去噪过程中不会改变信号振幅随炮检距变化的关系,对于低信噪比资料的叠前AVO属性提取非常有利。
All the 3 method,NMO stacking method,F-X prediction denoise method and K-L transform method could to a certain extent raise both the signal to noise ratio and the resolution for seismic data,however while they remove the noise they also could to a certain extent weaken or damage the relationship of amplitude verse offset.In order to solve the problem the authors of this paper proposed a denoise method in which pre-stack AVO attribute could be preserved.It was assumed in this paper that the effective signals of the pre-stack seismic data meet the simplified Zoeppritz trinomial equation over each of the seismic traces,then all the seismic signals which do not meet the equation were regarded as noise and were suppressed.The simplified Zoeppritz trinomial equation strictly follows the relationship of amplitude verse offset,as a result the signal to noise ratio after denoise was greatly raised,the relative amplitude relation with the pre-stack data was preserved,and the fidelity was greatly improved.The theoretical model trial calculation and field date processing results show that the new method proposed in this paper does not change the relationship of amplitude verse offset,therefore the advantage of the new method is especially favorable for the extraction of the pre-stack attributes for seismic data with low signal to noise ratio.
All the 3 method,NMO stacking method,F-X prediction denoise method and K-L transform method could to a certain extent raise both the signal to noise ratio and the resolution for seismic data,however while they remove the noise they also could to a certain extent weaken or damage the relationship of amplitude verse offset.In order to solve the problem the authors of this paper proposed a denoise method in which pre-stack AVO attribute could be preserved.It was assumed in this paper that the effective signals of the pre-stack seismic data meet the simplified Zoeppritz trinomial equation over each of the seismic traces,then all the seismic signals which do not meet the equation were regarded as noise and were suppressed.The simplified Zoeppritz trinomial equation strictly follows the relationship of amplitude verse offset,as a result the signal to noise ratio after denoise was greatly raised,the relative amplitude relation with the pre-stack data was preserved,and the fidelity was greatly improved.The theoretical model trial calculation and field date processing results show that the new method proposed in this paper does not change the relationship of amplitude verse offset,therefore the advantage of the new method is especially favorable for the extraction of the pre-stack attributes for seismic data with low signal to noise ratio.
引文
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[12]万海涛,苏永昌,俞寿朋.3-D叠后地震资料多项式拟合提高信噪比和道内插.石油地球物理物探,1994,29(2):208～212
[13]张宇,张关泉.小波变换用于去除高频随机噪声.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):327～337
[14]李月,杨宝俊,赵雪平等.检测地震勘探微弱同相轴的混沌振子算法.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1428～1433
[2]Canales L L.Random noise reduction.SEG Techni-cal Program Expanded Abstracts,1984,3:525～527
[3]陈必远,马在田.优势频率约束下的递推f-x去噪和谱均衡方法.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(4):575～582
[4]Jones I F,Levy S.Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in multi channel seismic data via the Karhunen-Loeve transform.Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(1):12～32
[5]王元恒,杨文善.最佳逼近的正交化算法.高等学校计算数学学报,2004,26(2):178～185
[6]田树人,李庆忠.一维空间域噪音剔除法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(2):239～253
[7]俞寿朋.地震信号的多项式拟合在偏移前资料处理中的应用.物探科技通报,1988,6(1):6～18
[8]李鲲鹏,刘业新,李衍达.用小波变换和多项式拟合提高地震资料分辨率.清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997,37(3):59～62
[9]徐伯勋,白旭滨,于常青.信号处理及应用.北京:地质出版社,1997
[10]Western Atlas international.Paraboric Radon trans-formation filtening∥西方地球物理公司技术报告,1991
[11]赵雪平,杨宝俊.固体介质中弹性波传播机制的细胞自动机有限深势阱模型.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):390～398
[12]万海涛,苏永昌,俞寿朋.3-D叠后地震资料多项式拟合提高信噪比和道内插.石油地球物理物探,1994,29(2):208～212
[13]张宇,张关泉.小波变换用于去除高频随机噪声.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):327～337
[14]李月,杨宝俊,赵雪平等.检测地震勘探微弱同相轴的混沌振子算法.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1428～1433
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