长江中下游成矿带深部成矿潜力、找矿思路与初步尝试——以铜陵矿集区为实例
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摘要
深部是未来资源勘查的重要方向,现有成矿理论和找矿实践也说明深部(>500m)具有巨大的找矿潜力。如何开展深部找矿?找什么类型的矿?在哪个深度上找矿?按照什么样的技术思路开展深部勘查工作?是目前深部找矿急需解决的关键问题。在分析长江中下游成矿带成矿规律和成矿特点的基础上,按照成矿“缺位”预测的原则,对成矿带深部成矿潜力和主要找矿目标层进行了分析,提出“成矿系统分析”+“立体填图”+“钻探验证”开展深部找矿的基本思路。并以铜陵矿集区为例,介绍近年来在深部成矿预测的初步结果。本文旨在“抛砖引玉”,引导大家对深部找矿思路和技术方法进行广泛的讨论,尽快形成可操作的深部矿产勘查程序,指导我国危机矿山深、边部的找矿工作。
Deep prospecting is an important orientation for future resources exploration. The existing metallogenic theory and prospecting practice also illustrate a great potential of the deep exploration (with a depth >500m). Key questions for the deep prospecting are as folmows: How to carry out deep prospecting? What type mine to explore? At what depth mines can be found? What technique needs to employ so as to develop the deep prospecting? On the basis of analyses on the metallogenic rules and characteristics of the Lower-and Middle-Yangtze River metallogenic belt, and combined with the principle of metallogenic defaulted prediction, the paper mainly studied the potential of the deep prospecting and major prospecting target layer of the metallogenic belt, and put forward one basic prospecting principle for the deep exploration: metallogenic system analysis, stereoscopic mapping and drilling validation. Taking the Tongling deposit-intensive area as instance, the paper exhibited preliminary results about deep metallogenic forecast in recent years. The main purpose of this paper strikes a wide discussion on the deep prospecting so as to set up a practical exploration procedure and technique methods, and finally guide exploration in deep and peripheral areas around existing mine with resources crisis.
Deep prospecting is an important orientation for future resources exploration. The existing metallogenic theory and prospecting practice also illustrate a great potential of the deep exploration (with a depth >500m). Key questions for the deep prospecting are as folmows: How to carry out deep prospecting? What type mine to explore? At what depth mines can be found? What technique needs to employ so as to develop the deep prospecting? On the basis of analyses on the metallogenic rules and characteristics of the Lower-and Middle-Yangtze River metallogenic belt, and combined with the principle of metallogenic defaulted prediction, the paper mainly studied the potential of the deep prospecting and major prospecting target layer of the metallogenic belt, and put forward one basic prospecting principle for the deep exploration: metallogenic system analysis, stereoscopic mapping and drilling validation. Taking the Tongling deposit-intensive area as instance, the paper exhibited preliminary results about deep metallogenic forecast in recent years. The main purpose of this paper strikes a wide discussion on the deep prospecting so as to set up a practical exploration procedure and technique methods, and finally guide exploration in deep and peripheral areas around existing mine with resources crisis.
引文
[1]国土资源部.2006.全国重要固体矿产资源潜力分析与勘查工作设想专题报告(内部资料).
[2]国土资源部.2006.危机矿山阶段报告(内部资料).
[3]安徽狮子山矿田勘查报告.1995.安徽省地矿局321地质队.
常印佛,董树文,黄德志.1996.论中—下扬子“一盖多底”格局与演化,火山地质与矿产,17(1~2):1~14.
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铜铁成矿带.北京:地质出版社,1~325.
常印佛,刘学圭.1983.关于层控式夕卡岩型矿床.矿床地质,2(1):11~20.
陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文,等.1999.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地质出版社.1~287.
崔彬.1987.铜官山层控夕卡岩铜矿床的蚀变分带及其成因.矿床地质,6(1):35~44.
董树文.1991.长江中下游铁铜成矿带成因之构造分析.中国地质科学院院报.第23号:43~56.
顾连兴,徐克勤.1986.论长江中下游中石炭世海底块状硫化物矿床.地质学报,60(2):176~188.
刘湘培.1989.长江中下游地区成矿系列和成矿模式,地质论评,35(5):398~408.
郭文魁.1957.论安徽铜官山铜矿成因.地质学报,37(3):317~322.
何金祥,徐克勤,顾连兴,等.1995.南岭与下扬子区块状硫化物矿床特征的对比.南京大学学报,31(4):625~634.
黄华盛,师其政,崔彬,等.1985.铜官山铜矿床的组合特征及成因.矿床地质,4(2):13~22.
李儒峰,刘本培,赵澄林.1997.扬子板块石炭纪沉积层序及其全球性对比研究.沉积学报,15(3):23~28.
李文达、王文斌、范洪源,等.1997.长江中下游铜(金)矿床密集区形成条件与超大型矿床存在的可能性.火山地质与矿产,2011~31.
刘湘培,常印佛,吴言昌.1988.论长江中下游地区成矿条件和成矿规律,地质学报,62(2):167~177.
刘裕庆,刘兆廉,杨成兴.1984.铜陵地区冬瓜山铜矿的稳定同位素研究.中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所所刊,(1):70~101.
吕庆田,侯增谦,史大年等,铜陵狮子山金属矿地震探测结果及对区域找矿的意义,矿床地质,2004,23(3):390~398.
吕庆田,史大年,赵金花,严加永,徐明才.2005.深部矿产勘查的地震学方法:问题与前景—铜陵矿集区的应用实例,地质通报,24(3):211~218.
宁芜研究项目编写小组.1978.宁芜玢岩铁矿.北京:地质出版社,1~196.
毛建仁,苏郁香,陈三元,等.1990.长江中下游中酸性侵入岩与成矿.北京.地质出版社.1~191.
蒙义峰,侯增谦,杨竹森.2003.安徽铜陵地区蚀变流体填图方法的探讨.地学前缘,10(1):105~110.
蒙义峰,侯增谦,杨竹森,等.2004.铜陵矿集区蚀变—流体填图与成矿流体系统.矿床地质,23(3):261~270.
蒙义峰,杨竹森,曾普胜,等.2004.铜陵矿集区成矿流体系统时限的初步厘定.矿床地质,23(3):271~280.
滕吉文.2006.强化开展地壳内部第二深度空间金属矿产资源地球物理找矿、勘探和开发.地质通报.25(7):767~771.
王道华、傅德鑫、吴履秀.1987.长江中下游区域铜、金、铁、硫矿床基本特征及成矿规律.北京:地质出版社,1~196.
王文斌,李文达,董平,等.1994.论长江中下游地区含铜黄铁矿型矿床成因.火山地质与成矿,15(2):25~34.
温春齐,黄华盛,刘兆廉.1996.铜陵地区石炭系铁铜矿床的矿石组构组分特征.成都理工学院学报,23(2):7~15.
吴言昌,王迎春,梁善荣,刘湘培,等.1988.长江中下游富钠闪长岩类与铁矿系列的成因关系.7(1):14~24.
谢华光,王文斌,李文达.1995.安徽新桥铜硫矿床成矿时代及成矿物质来源.火山地质与矿产,16(2):101~107.
杨竹森,侯增谦,蒙义峰,等.2004.安徽铜陵矿集区海西期喷流—沉积流体系统时空结构.矿床地质,23(3):281~297.
杨竹森,侯增谦,蒙义峰,等.2002.安徽铜陵矿集区流体系统与成矿.矿床地质,21(增刊):1080~1082.
岳文浙,业治铮,魏乃颐,等.1993.长江中下游威宁期沉积地质与块状硫化物矿床.北京:地质出版社.1~163.
曾普胜,杨竹森,蒙义峰,等.2004..安徽铜陵矿集区燕山期岩浆流体系统时空结构及成矿.矿床地质,23(3):298~309.
Calvert AJ,Li Y.1999.Seismic reflection i maging over a massivesulfide deposit at the Matagami mining camp,Quebec.Geophysics,64:24~32.
Drummond B J,Goleby B R.1993.Seismic reflection i mages ofmajor ore-controlling structures in the eastern goldfields,Western Australia.Explore Geophysics,24:473~478.
Drummond B J,Goleby B R,Goncharov A G,et al.1997.Crustal-scale structures in the Proterozoic Mount Isa inlier of northAustralia:Their seismic response and influence onmineralisation.Tectonophysics,288:43~56.
Drummond B J,Goleby B R,Owen A J,et al.2000.Seismic reflection i maging of mineral systems:Three case historiesGeophysics,65:1852~1861.
Milkereit B,Eaton D,Wu J,et al.1996.Seismic i maging ofmassive sulfide deposits:Part II.Reflection seismic profiling.Economic Geology,91:829~834.
Pan Y M,P Dong.1999.The Lower Changjiang(Yangzi/YangtzeRiver)metallogenic belt,east central China:intrusion and wallrock-hosted Cu-Fe-Au,Mo,Zn,Pb,Ag deposits.Ore Geology Reviews.15:177~242.
Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Bleeker W.1996.Seismic i maging ofmassive sulfide deposits:Part I.Rock properties.EconomicGeology,91:821~828.
Sangster D F.1976.Sulphur and lead isotopes in strata-bounddeposits.In:Wolf K H eds.Handbook of strata-bound andstratiformore deposits.Elsevier,Amsterdam,2:219~266.
[2]国土资源部.2006.危机矿山阶段报告(内部资料).
[3]安徽狮子山矿田勘查报告.1995.安徽省地矿局321地质队.
常印佛,董树文,黄德志.1996.论中—下扬子“一盖多底”格局与演化,火山地质与矿产,17(1~2):1~14.
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铜铁成矿带.北京:地质出版社,1~325.
常印佛,刘学圭.1983.关于层控式夕卡岩型矿床.矿床地质,2(1):11~20.
陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文,等.1999.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地质出版社.1~287.
崔彬.1987.铜官山层控夕卡岩铜矿床的蚀变分带及其成因.矿床地质,6(1):35~44.
董树文.1991.长江中下游铁铜成矿带成因之构造分析.中国地质科学院院报.第23号:43~56.
顾连兴,徐克勤.1986.论长江中下游中石炭世海底块状硫化物矿床.地质学报,60(2):176~188.
刘湘培.1989.长江中下游地区成矿系列和成矿模式,地质论评,35(5):398~408.
郭文魁.1957.论安徽铜官山铜矿成因.地质学报,37(3):317~322.
何金祥,徐克勤,顾连兴,等.1995.南岭与下扬子区块状硫化物矿床特征的对比.南京大学学报,31(4):625~634.
黄华盛,师其政,崔彬,等.1985.铜官山铜矿床的组合特征及成因.矿床地质,4(2):13~22.
李儒峰,刘本培,赵澄林.1997.扬子板块石炭纪沉积层序及其全球性对比研究.沉积学报,15(3):23~28.
李文达、王文斌、范洪源,等.1997.长江中下游铜(金)矿床密集区形成条件与超大型矿床存在的可能性.火山地质与矿产,2011~31.
刘湘培,常印佛,吴言昌.1988.论长江中下游地区成矿条件和成矿规律,地质学报,62(2):167~177.
刘裕庆,刘兆廉,杨成兴.1984.铜陵地区冬瓜山铜矿的稳定同位素研究.中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所所刊,(1):70~101.
吕庆田,侯增谦,史大年等,铜陵狮子山金属矿地震探测结果及对区域找矿的意义,矿床地质,2004,23(3):390~398.
吕庆田,史大年,赵金花,严加永,徐明才.2005.深部矿产勘查的地震学方法:问题与前景—铜陵矿集区的应用实例,地质通报,24(3):211~218.
宁芜研究项目编写小组.1978.宁芜玢岩铁矿.北京:地质出版社,1~196.
毛建仁,苏郁香,陈三元,等.1990.长江中下游中酸性侵入岩与成矿.北京.地质出版社.1~191.
蒙义峰,侯增谦,杨竹森.2003.安徽铜陵地区蚀变流体填图方法的探讨.地学前缘,10(1):105~110.
蒙义峰,侯增谦,杨竹森,等.2004.铜陵矿集区蚀变—流体填图与成矿流体系统.矿床地质,23(3):261~270.
蒙义峰,杨竹森,曾普胜,等.2004.铜陵矿集区成矿流体系统时限的初步厘定.矿床地质,23(3):271~280.
滕吉文.2006.强化开展地壳内部第二深度空间金属矿产资源地球物理找矿、勘探和开发.地质通报.25(7):767~771.
王道华、傅德鑫、吴履秀.1987.长江中下游区域铜、金、铁、硫矿床基本特征及成矿规律.北京:地质出版社,1~196.
王文斌,李文达,董平,等.1994.论长江中下游地区含铜黄铁矿型矿床成因.火山地质与成矿,15(2):25~34.
温春齐,黄华盛,刘兆廉.1996.铜陵地区石炭系铁铜矿床的矿石组构组分特征.成都理工学院学报,23(2):7~15.
吴言昌,王迎春,梁善荣,刘湘培,等.1988.长江中下游富钠闪长岩类与铁矿系列的成因关系.7(1):14~24.
谢华光,王文斌,李文达.1995.安徽新桥铜硫矿床成矿时代及成矿物质来源.火山地质与矿产,16(2):101~107.
杨竹森,侯增谦,蒙义峰,等.2004.安徽铜陵矿集区海西期喷流—沉积流体系统时空结构.矿床地质,23(3):281~297.
杨竹森,侯增谦,蒙义峰,等.2002.安徽铜陵矿集区流体系统与成矿.矿床地质,21(增刊):1080~1082.
岳文浙,业治铮,魏乃颐,等.1993.长江中下游威宁期沉积地质与块状硫化物矿床.北京:地质出版社.1~163.
曾普胜,杨竹森,蒙义峰,等.2004..安徽铜陵矿集区燕山期岩浆流体系统时空结构及成矿.矿床地质,23(3):298~309.
Calvert AJ,Li Y.1999.Seismic reflection i maging over a massivesulfide deposit at the Matagami mining camp,Quebec.Geophysics,64:24~32.
Drummond B J,Goleby B R.1993.Seismic reflection i mages ofmajor ore-controlling structures in the eastern goldfields,Western Australia.Explore Geophysics,24:473~478.
Drummond B J,Goleby B R,Goncharov A G,et al.1997.Crustal-scale structures in the Proterozoic Mount Isa inlier of northAustralia:Their seismic response and influence onmineralisation.Tectonophysics,288:43~56.
Drummond B J,Goleby B R,Owen A J,et al.2000.Seismic reflection i maging of mineral systems:Three case historiesGeophysics,65:1852~1861.
Milkereit B,Eaton D,Wu J,et al.1996.Seismic i maging ofmassive sulfide deposits:Part II.Reflection seismic profiling.Economic Geology,91:829~834.
Pan Y M,P Dong.1999.The Lower Changjiang(Yangzi/YangtzeRiver)metallogenic belt,east central China:intrusion and wallrock-hosted Cu-Fe-Au,Mo,Zn,Pb,Ag deposits.Ore Geology Reviews.15:177~242.
Salisbury M H,Milkereit B,Bleeker W.1996.Seismic i maging ofmassive sulfide deposits:Part I.Rock properties.EconomicGeology,91:821~828.
Sangster D F.1976.Sulphur and lead isotopes in strata-bounddeposits.In:Wolf K H eds.Handbook of strata-bound andstratiformore deposits.Elsevier,Amsterdam,2:219~266.
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