爆破震动灾害主动控制方法研究
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摘要
在微差爆破工程中,用干扰降震法实现爆破震动灾害主动控制的关键在于确定合理的微差延期时间。由于所使用的普通雷管存在延期误差,设计或选择的延期微差时间往往与实际的有较大出入,影响了微差爆破的效果和顺利实施。确定微差爆破中的实际微差延迟时间对优化微差爆破效果、降低爆破地震效应具有很大的现实意义。用基于小波分析的时能密度法以及信号时-频域转换技术,从实测微差爆破震动信号中分离出各分段震波,通过比较各分段震波在不同延期时间下的叠加效果,得到了微差爆破的较优微差延期时间,实现了爆破震动灾害主动控制。该方法对研究爆破震动效应及其灾害的控制,具有较高的理论和应用价值,为系统开展爆破震动危害控制和预测研究奠定了理论和技术基础。
In millisecond blast engineering,the key to achieving initiative control of vibration damages by means of wave interference is to ascertain reasonable delay time interval.The designed or selected time of delay is always different from the practical time of delay due to the delay errors of ordinary detonators;and it influences the effect and successful implementation.It is significant to identify practical time of delay in millisecond blasting engineering.The authors have made use of time-energy density analysis based on wavelet transform and time-frequency domain transform techniques,and obtained the reasonable delay time interval by separating every sub-signal from measured millisecond blast vibration signal and comparing the superposition effect of sub-signal in different delay time intervals.The results show that the reasonable delay time interval is not generally a single value,but multi-time-intervals.The method proposed shows a high theoretical and practical value;and it lays a theoretical and technical foundation for the study of controlling and forecasting blast vibrational damages.
In millisecond blast engineering,the key to achieving initiative control of vibration damages by means of wave interference is to ascertain reasonable delay time interval.The designed or selected time of delay is always different from the practical time of delay due to the delay errors of ordinary detonators;and it influences the effect and successful implementation.It is significant to identify practical time of delay in millisecond blasting engineering.The authors have made use of time-energy density analysis based on wavelet transform and time-frequency domain transform techniques,and obtained the reasonable delay time interval by separating every sub-signal from measured millisecond blast vibration signal and comparing the superposition effect of sub-signal in different delay time intervals.The results show that the reasonable delay time interval is not generally a single value,but multi-time-intervals.The method proposed shows a high theoretical and practical value;and it lays a theoretical and technical foundation for the study of controlling and forecasting blast vibrational damages.
引文
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[3]MA Guo-wei,HAO Hong,ZHOU Ying-xin.Assessment of structure damage to blasting induced[J].Engineering Structures,2000,(22):1 378-1 389.
[4]张林,林从谋.爆破震动对土质边坡动力稳定性影响研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(9):1 499-1 501.ZHANG Lin,LIN Cong-mou.Study about soil slope dynamic stability due to blasting vibration[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(9):1 499-1 501.
[5]凌同华,李夕兵.用时-能密度法确定微差爆破中的实际延迟时间[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(13):2 266-2 270 LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.Time-energy analysis based on wavelet transform for identifying real delay time in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(13):2 266-2 270.
[6]凌同华,李夕兵.基于小波变换的微差爆破震动信号分离法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(3):491-494.LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.The separating means of millisecond blast vibration signal based on wavelet transform[J].Chinese Journal of underground Space and Engineering,2006,2(3):491-494.
[7]Charles K Chui.An introduction to wavelets[M].New York:Academic Press,Inc.1992.297-333.
[8]邹云屏,李潇.信号变换与处理[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993.8-12.
[9]胡昌华,张军波.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计——小波分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学,2000.265-266
[10]张贤达,保铮.非平稳信号分析与处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.1-12.
[11]王宏禹.非平稳随机信号分析与处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999.12-20.
[12]刘令普,周洪玉,何湃.谈傅里叶分析和小波分析[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,1998,3(6):79-83.LIU Ling-pu,ZHOU Hong-yu,HE Pai.On Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis[J].Journal of Harbin University of Science&Technology,1998,3(6):79-83.
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