汶川地震四川灾区水土流失经济损失评估及恢复对策
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摘要
受"5.12"汶川特大地震的影响,地震灾区水土流失面积加大,侵蚀强度加剧,新增流失量增大,经济损失巨大。将水土流失造成的经济损失与经济建设主要指标形成对比,可形象直观地反映生态经济负效值,从而为灾后生态重建和水土保持管理决策者提供科学的依据。文中首先对四川地震灾区的水土流失危害和土壤侵蚀破坏量进行综合分析,然后利用环境经济学的基本原理和方法对水土流失危害造成的经济损失进行评估和货币化计量,得出四川省土壤侵蚀总经济损失503.22亿元。提出了灾后水土保持恢复重建对策。
Due to the May 12th Wenchuan Great Earthquake,the area of soil erosion has been enlarged,the soil erosion intensity has accelerated,the amount of soil loss has increased and the economic loss is enormous.Compared the economic loss caused by soil erosion and water loss with the major index of economic construction,the ecological economic negative effect value can be clearly exhibited,therefore providing scientific basis for the after-earthquake ecological reconstruction and the managerial decision maker of soil and water conservation.At first,the jeopardy of soil erosion and water loss and the amount of soil erosion was analyzed.Secondly,the monetary economic loss caused by the jeopardy of soil erosion and water loss was evaluated and calculated by useing the fundamental principle and methods of environment economy.The whole economic loss of soil erosion of Sichuan Province arrives at RMB 50.322 billion Yuan.At last,based on the analysis results of soil erosion and water loss after-quake,some countermeasures related to the recovering and reconstruction of soil and water conservation were put forward.
Due to the May 12th Wenchuan Great Earthquake,the area of soil erosion has been enlarged,the soil erosion intensity has accelerated,the amount of soil loss has increased and the economic loss is enormous.Compared the economic loss caused by soil erosion and water loss with the major index of economic construction,the ecological economic negative effect value can be clearly exhibited,therefore providing scientific basis for the after-earthquake ecological reconstruction and the managerial decision maker of soil and water conservation.At first,the jeopardy of soil erosion and water loss and the amount of soil erosion was analyzed.Secondly,the monetary economic loss caused by the jeopardy of soil erosion and water loss was evaluated and calculated by useing the fundamental principle and methods of environment economy.The whole economic loss of soil erosion of Sichuan Province arrives at RMB 50.322 billion Yuan.At last,based on the analysis results of soil erosion and water loss after-quake,some countermeasures related to the recovering and reconstruction of soil and water conservation were put forward.
引文
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[18]Ren Yong,Meng Xiaotang,Bi Huaxing.Economy loss as-sessment on water and soil erosion and viewon environmen-tal economics[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1997(8):48-50.[任勇,孟晓棠,毕华兴.水土流失经济损失估算及环境经济学思考[J].中国水土保持,1997(8):48-50.]
[19]厉以宁,章铮.环境经济学[M].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.
[20]Peng Keshan.Influences of water and soil erosion on flood-ing disaster and economics development[J].Hebei WaterResources Science and Technology,2000,21(4):14-22.[彭珂珊.水土流失对洪涝灾害和经济发展的影响初探[J].河北水利科技,2000,21(4):14-22.]
[21]Chen Fang,Zhu Gaohong,Mao Zhifeng.Economic loss ofsoil and water loss in China[J].Soil and Water Conservationin China,2008(12):11-13.[陈芳,朱高洪,毛志峰.我国水土流失的经济损失评估[J].中国水土保持,2008(12):11-13.]
[2]四川省水土保持局.汶川地震四川省水土保持灾后重建规划报告[R].2008.
[3]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-hazardsin Wenchuan Earthquake area and countermeasures for dis-aster reduction[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2008,23(4):317-323.[崔鹏韦方强,何思明,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323.]
[4]中华人民共和国水利部.中国水土保持公报[R].2007.
[5]Bao Weikai.Ecological degradation and restoration and re-construction countermeasures for severe calamity regions inWenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan[J].Bulletin of the Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,2008,23(4):324-329.[包维楷.汶川地震重灾区生态退化及其恢复重建对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):324-329.]
[6]Zhao Shanlun,Yin Min,Sun Xihua.The assessment of eco-nomic and eco-value loss of soil and water loss in shandongprovince[J].Economic Geography,2002,22(5):616-619.[赵善伦,尹民,孙锡华.山东省水土流失经济损失及生态价值损失评估[J].经济地理,2002,22(5):616-619.]
[7]Deng Peiyan,Tu Yulin,Chen Guizhu.Assessment of eco-nomic cost of soil erosion—A case study of guizhou province[J].Rural Eco-environment,2003,19(2):1-5.[邓培雁,屠玉麟,陈桂珠.贵州省水土流失中土壤侵蚀经济损失估值[J].农村生态环境,2003,19(2):1-5.]
[8]Yang Zhixin,Zheng Dawei,Li Yonggui.Value estimation ofeconomic loss of soil erosion in Beijing region[J].Journal ofSoil and Water Conservation,2004,18(3):175-178.[杨志新,郑大玮,李永贵.北京市土壤侵蚀经济损失分析及价值估算[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):175-178.]
[9]Xu Yao,Chen Tao,Xia Mingyou,et al.Value estimation ofeconomic loss by soil erosion in Nanchong City[J].Bulletinof Soil and Water Conservation,2006,26(5):36-38.[徐瑶,陈涛,夏明友,等.南充市土壤侵蚀经济损失估值研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(5):36-38.]
[10]Yang Aimin,Pang Youzhu,Li Tiezheng,et al.Review onthe researches of soil and water losses economic estimation[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,1(1):108-112.[杨爱民,庞有祝,李铁铮,等.水土流失经济损失计量研究综述[J].中国水土保持科学,2003,1(1):108-112.]
[11]Tian Yaping,Li Hong,Deng Yunyuan.Estimated on eco-nomic costs of soil erosion in Hunan province[J].Journal ofSoil and Water Conservation,2008,22(4):42-47.[田亚平,李虹,邓运员.湖南省水土流失的经济损失评估[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):42-47.]
[12]Xu Yueqing,Cai Yunlong.Economic loss analysis on soilerosion and estimation of its values——a case study of mao-tiaohe basin,Guizhou Province[J].Resources and Environ-ment in the Yangtze Basin,2006,15(4):470-474.[许月卿,蔡云龙.土壤侵蚀经济损失分析及价值估算——以贵州省猫跳河流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(4):470-474.]
[13]周冰冰,李忠魁,侯元兆.北京市森林资源价值[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[14]Hou Xiurui,Xu Yunlong.Study on conservative ecologicalbenefits calculating of mountainous forestin Hubei province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,18(1):17-21.[侯秀瑞,许云龙.河北省山地森林保土生态效益计量研究[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(1):17-21.]
[15]Zhao Qin,Qing Taiming,Cao Shuyou.Influence of Wen-chuan Earthquake on water and soil erosion in Sichuan andassessment on economy loss[J].Soil and Water Conserva-tion in China,2009(3):3-5.[赵芹,卿太明,曹叔尤.汶川特大地震对四川水土流失的影响及经济损失评估[J].中国水土保持,2009(3):3-5.]
[16]姜德文.开发建设项目水土保持损益分析研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[17]徐嵩林.中国环境破坏的经济损失计量实例与理论研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
[18]Ren Yong,Meng Xiaotang,Bi Huaxing.Economy loss as-sessment on water and soil erosion and viewon environmen-tal economics[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1997(8):48-50.[任勇,孟晓棠,毕华兴.水土流失经济损失估算及环境经济学思考[J].中国水土保持,1997(8):48-50.]
[19]厉以宁,章铮.环境经济学[M].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.
[20]Peng Keshan.Influences of water and soil erosion on flood-ing disaster and economics development[J].Hebei WaterResources Science and Technology,2000,21(4):14-22.[彭珂珊.水土流失对洪涝灾害和经济发展的影响初探[J].河北水利科技,2000,21(4):14-22.]
[21]Chen Fang,Zhu Gaohong,Mao Zhifeng.Economic loss ofsoil and water loss in China[J].Soil and Water Conservationin China,2008(12):11-13.[陈芳,朱高洪,毛志峰.我国水土流失的经济损失评估[J].中国水土保持,2008(12):11-13.]
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