近50年来天水市旅游气候舒适度定量研究
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摘要
随着全球气候系统不稳定性的增加,气候越来越显著的影响到了旅游活动的进行和旅游业的发展。本文从气候舒适度的角度来分析气候变化对旅游业的影响,利用天水市1965～2013年逐月气温、相对湿度和平均风速等气象资料,运用温湿指数THI、风寒指数WCI、人体舒适度指数K等构建模型,对天水市逐年逐月旅游舒适指数进行计算和分析,结果表明:天水市5月和9月最适宜旅游,12月、1月、2月最不适宜旅游。各指数模型M-K突变检验表明,天水市风寒指数、人体舒适度指数和温湿指数分别从1977、1984、1993年起舒适度天数明显增多。这一结果为游客选择旅游时节提供参考,为旅游规划合理配置旅游资源提供理论依据。
With the increasing instability of the global climate system, climate has more and more significantly affected the development of tourism activities and tourism. This paper analyses the impact of climate change on Tourism from the perspective of climate comfort. Based on the daily temperature, relative humidity and average wind speed of Tianshui City from 1965 to 2013, the tourism comfort index of Tianshui City from May to September is calculated and analyzed by using the models of temperature and humidity index THI, wind-cold index WCI and human comfort index K. Month is the most suitable for tourism, December, January and February are the least suitable for tourism. The M-K mutation test of each index model shows that the wind-cold index, human comfort index and temperature-humidity index of Tianshui City have increased significantly since 1977, 1984 and 1993, respectively.This result provides a reference for tourists to choose tourism season and a theoretical basis for rational allocation of tourism resources in tourism planning.
With the increasing instability of the global climate system, climate has more and more significantly affected the development of tourism activities and tourism. This paper analyses the impact of climate change on Tourism from the perspective of climate comfort. Based on the daily temperature, relative humidity and average wind speed of Tianshui City from 1965 to 2013, the tourism comfort index of Tianshui City from May to September is calculated and analyzed by using the models of temperature and humidity index THI, wind-cold index WCI and human comfort index K. Month is the most suitable for tourism, December, January and February are the least suitable for tourism. The M-K mutation test of each index model shows that the wind-cold index, human comfort index and temperature-humidity index of Tianshui City have increased significantly since 1977, 1984 and 1993, respectively.This result provides a reference for tourists to choose tourism season and a theoretical basis for rational allocation of tourism resources in tourism planning.
引文
[1]崔峰,刘亚洲.台湾旅游气候舒适度分析与评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(9):1234-1242.
[2]马丽君,孙根年.中国西部热点城市旅游气候舒适度[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(5):791-797.
[3]HILL L,GRIFFTH O W,FLACK M.The measurement of the rate of the heat loss at body temperature by convection,radiation and evaporation[J].Philosophical Transaction of Royal Society,1916,20(7):183-220.
[4]HOUGHTON F C,YAGLOU C P.Determining equal comfort line[J].Journal of the American society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers,1923,29:165-176.
[5]THORN E C.The discomfort index[J].Weathenvise,1959,(12):57-60.
[6]TERJUNG W H.Physiologic climates of the contentious U-nited States:A bioclimatic classification based on man[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1966,5(1):141-179.
[7]OLIVER J E.Climate and Man’s Environment:An Introduc tion to Applied Climatology[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons.Inc,1973:195-206.
[8]孙美淑,李山.气候舒适度评价的经验模型:回顾与展望[J].自然资源学报,2015,12(30):19-34.
[9]DE FREITAS C R.Human climates of northern China[J].Atmospheric Environment(1967),1979,13(1):71-77.
[10]JENDRITZKYDE G,DEAR R,HAVENITH G.UTCI-Why another thermal index?[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2012,56:421-428.
[11]范业正,郭来喜.中国海滨旅游地气候适宜性评价[J].自然资源学报,1998,31(4):70-73.
[12]孔钦钦,葛全胜,席建超,等.中国重点旅游城市气候舒适度及其变化趋势[J].地理研究,2015,34(12):2238-2246.
[13]李山,孙美淑,张伟佳.中国大陆1961~2010年间气候舒适期的空间格局及其演变[J].地理研究,2016,35(11):2053-2070.
[14]马丽君,孙根年.中国热点城市旅游气候舒适度评价[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(2):96-102.
[15]马丽君,孙根年,谢越法,等.50年来东部典型城市旅游气候舒适度变化分析[J].资源科学,2010,32(10):1963-1970.
[16]王洪桥,孟祥君,吴正方.吉林省旅游气候舒适度时空差异分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(1):141-148.
[17]孙根年,余志康.中国30°N、35°N线城市气候舒适度与地形三级阶梯的关系[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(3):447-457.
[18]余志康,孙根年,罗正文,等.40°N以北城市夏季气候舒适度及消夏旅游潜力分析[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(2):327-339.
[19]罗生洲,巨克英,罗延年,等.1954~2011年西宁旅游气候舒适期时间变化分析[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1193-1201.
[20]张波,谭文,古书鸿,等.1961~2015年贵州省夏季旅游气候舒适度评价[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):420-426.
[21]杨海静.黄土高原地区主要城市旅游气候舒适度研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2016:1-72.
[22]兰琳.流域的旅游气候舒适度及时空演变研究--以长江国际黄金旅游带为例[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2016:1-70.
[23]王焕毅,张翘,商毅,等.本溪满族自治县旅游气候舒适度评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):251-253.
[24]保继刚,楚义芳,彭华.旅游地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:64-68.
[25]陶生才,雷淑琴,潘婕.1971~2014年玉门市旅游气候舒适度评价分析[J].气象与减灾研究,2017,40(2):146-152.
[2]马丽君,孙根年.中国西部热点城市旅游气候舒适度[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(5):791-797.
[3]HILL L,GRIFFTH O W,FLACK M.The measurement of the rate of the heat loss at body temperature by convection,radiation and evaporation[J].Philosophical Transaction of Royal Society,1916,20(7):183-220.
[4]HOUGHTON F C,YAGLOU C P.Determining equal comfort line[J].Journal of the American society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers,1923,29:165-176.
[5]THORN E C.The discomfort index[J].Weathenvise,1959,(12):57-60.
[6]TERJUNG W H.Physiologic climates of the contentious U-nited States:A bioclimatic classification based on man[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1966,5(1):141-179.
[7]OLIVER J E.Climate and Man’s Environment:An Introduc tion to Applied Climatology[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons.Inc,1973:195-206.
[8]孙美淑,李山.气候舒适度评价的经验模型:回顾与展望[J].自然资源学报,2015,12(30):19-34.
[9]DE FREITAS C R.Human climates of northern China[J].Atmospheric Environment(1967),1979,13(1):71-77.
[10]JENDRITZKYDE G,DEAR R,HAVENITH G.UTCI-Why another thermal index?[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2012,56:421-428.
[11]范业正,郭来喜.中国海滨旅游地气候适宜性评价[J].自然资源学报,1998,31(4):70-73.
[12]孔钦钦,葛全胜,席建超,等.中国重点旅游城市气候舒适度及其变化趋势[J].地理研究,2015,34(12):2238-2246.
[13]李山,孙美淑,张伟佳.中国大陆1961~2010年间气候舒适期的空间格局及其演变[J].地理研究,2016,35(11):2053-2070.
[14]马丽君,孙根年.中国热点城市旅游气候舒适度评价[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(2):96-102.
[15]马丽君,孙根年,谢越法,等.50年来东部典型城市旅游气候舒适度变化分析[J].资源科学,2010,32(10):1963-1970.
[16]王洪桥,孟祥君,吴正方.吉林省旅游气候舒适度时空差异分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(1):141-148.
[17]孙根年,余志康.中国30°N、35°N线城市气候舒适度与地形三级阶梯的关系[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(3):447-457.
[18]余志康,孙根年,罗正文,等.40°N以北城市夏季气候舒适度及消夏旅游潜力分析[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(2):327-339.
[19]罗生洲,巨克英,罗延年,等.1954~2011年西宁旅游气候舒适期时间变化分析[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1193-1201.
[20]张波,谭文,古书鸿,等.1961~2015年贵州省夏季旅游气候舒适度评价[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):420-426.
[21]杨海静.黄土高原地区主要城市旅游气候舒适度研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2016:1-72.
[22]兰琳.流域的旅游气候舒适度及时空演变研究--以长江国际黄金旅游带为例[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2016:1-70.
[23]王焕毅,张翘,商毅,等.本溪满族自治县旅游气候舒适度评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):251-253.
[24]保继刚,楚义芳,彭华.旅游地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:64-68.
[25]陶生才,雷淑琴,潘婕.1971~2014年玉门市旅游气候舒适度评价分析[J].气象与减灾研究,2017,40(2):146-152.