强涡流场中柴油喷雾扩散特性研究
|
摘要
通过可视化的快速压缩机模拟内燃机的燃烧室,研究了高压共轨柴油在40、60 MPa两种喷射压力下,柴油油束在切向、斜向和直通3种涡流场中的扩散混合特性。实验结果表明,在相同喷油压力及喷油脉宽下,切向涡流场中柴油喷雾面积与视窗面积比的峰值和谷值均为最高,直通涡流场中最低;斜向涡流场从喷油开始到喷雾完全混合整个过程用时最短,直通涡流场用时最长;喷雾油束的扩散时间与涡流的切向速度、燃油喷射压力成反比。
The combustion process of internal combustion engine is greatly influenced by the swirl flow in combustion chamber,especially for diesel engines,where the diesel diffusion process in the swirl flow field is vital for combustion efficiency and the formation of pollutants,including nitric oxides and particulate matter. However,the spray diffusion process has not been lucubrated due to the difficulties of direct observation and the characterization of the internal flows in engine chamber. The diffusion characteristics of diesel spray in different intensity swirl flows were studied visualized. In this experiment,the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine was simulated by a visualized rapid compression machine,and the diffusion characteristics of the diesel spray under three kinds of flow fields,such as tangential swirl flow field,oblique swirl flow field and straight swirl flow field,were studied. An electronically controlled injector with nozzle hole diameter of 0. 2 mm was used. The injection pulse width was 5 ms,and the two injection pressures were selected to be 40 MPa and 60 MPa,respectively. The experimental results showed that the peak and valley values of diesel spray area and window area ratio were the highest in the tangential swirl flow field and the lowest in the straight swirl flow field under the same injection pressure and fuel injection pulse width. The process from the start to the complete mixing of the spray was the shortest in the oblique swirl flow field and the longest in the straight swirl flow field. The diffusion time of the spray oil was inversely proportional to the tangential velocity of the swirl flow and the fuel injection pressure. The results can provide reference for the design of air movement organization in diesel combustion chamber.
The combustion process of internal combustion engine is greatly influenced by the swirl flow in combustion chamber,especially for diesel engines,where the diesel diffusion process in the swirl flow field is vital for combustion efficiency and the formation of pollutants,including nitric oxides and particulate matter. However,the spray diffusion process has not been lucubrated due to the difficulties of direct observation and the characterization of the internal flows in engine chamber. The diffusion characteristics of diesel spray in different intensity swirl flows were studied visualized. In this experiment,the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine was simulated by a visualized rapid compression machine,and the diffusion characteristics of the diesel spray under three kinds of flow fields,such as tangential swirl flow field,oblique swirl flow field and straight swirl flow field,were studied. An electronically controlled injector with nozzle hole diameter of 0. 2 mm was used. The injection pulse width was 5 ms,and the two injection pressures were selected to be 40 MPa and 60 MPa,respectively. The experimental results showed that the peak and valley values of diesel spray area and window area ratio were the highest in the tangential swirl flow field and the lowest in the straight swirl flow field under the same injection pressure and fuel injection pulse width. The process from the start to the complete mixing of the spray was the shortest in the oblique swirl flow field and the longest in the straight swirl flow field. The diffusion time of the spray oil was inversely proportional to the tangential velocity of the swirl flow and the fuel injection pressure. The results can provide reference for the design of air movement organization in diesel combustion chamber.
引文
[1]潘锁柱,裴毅强,宋崇林,等.汽油机颗粒物数量排放及粒径的分布特性[J].燃烧科学与技术,2012,18(2):181-185.PAN Suozhu,PEI Yiqiang,SONG Chonglin,et al. Particle number and size distributions from gasoline engine[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2012,18(2):181-185.(in Chinese)
[2]黄雅卿,王志,王建昕.喷油时刻对缸内直喷汽油机颗粒物排放的影响[J].内燃机学报,2014,32(5):420-425.HUANG Yaqing,WANG Zhi,WANG Jianxin. Effects of injection timing on particulate emission in gasoline direct injection engine[J]. Transactions of CSICE,2014,32(5):420-425.(in Chinese)
[3] MATTIMARICQ M,PODSIADLIK D,CHASE R. Size distributions of motor vehicle exhaust PM:a comparison between ELPI and SMPS measurements[J]. Aerosol Science&Technology,2000,33(3):239-260.
[4] GORDON E,FATHIA M. The composition of spark ignition engine steady state particulate emissions[C]. SAE Technical Papers,1999.
[5] MARTTIMARIC Q. Gasoline engines:ultrafine particle emissions[R]. Physical&Environmental Sciences Research&Innovation Center of Ford Motor Company,2007.
[6] PHILIP P,RICHARD S,JACEK M,et al. Particulate emissions from a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition engine[C]. SAE Technical Papers,2007.
[7] REITZ R D. Directions in internal combustion engine research[J]. Combust Flame,2013,160(1):1-8.
[8] MUSCULUS M P,MILES P C,PICKETT L M. Conceptual models for partially premixed low-temperature diesel combustion[J]. Prog Energy Combust Sci.,2013,39(23):246-283.
[9] DESANTES J M,MARGOT X,PASTOR J M,et al. CFD-phenomenological diesel spray analysis under evaporative conditions[J]. Energy&Fuels,2009,23(8):3919-3929.
[10] POGOREVC P,KEGL B,SKERGET L. Diesel and biodiesel fuel spray simulations[J]. Energy&Fuels,2008,22(2):1266-1274.
[11] PARK S H,KIM H J,LEE C S. Numerical investigation of combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics based on experimental spray and atomization characteristics in a compression ignition diesel engine[J]. Energy&Fuels,2010,24(4):2429-2438.
[12] PERINI F,MILES P C,REITZ R D. A comprehensive modeling study of in-cylinder fluid flows in a high-swirl,light-duty optical diesel engine[J]. Computers&Fluids,2014,105:113-124.
[13]姚春德,胡江涛,银增辉,等.喷油压力对高压共轨柴油机燃烧影响的可视化研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):355-361.YAO Chunde,HU Jiangtao,YIN Zenghui,et al. Visualization on combustion characteristics of common rail diesel engine at different inject pressures[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):355-361.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160149&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 01. 049.(in Chinese)
[14] LIU Z,QIAN G,SUN Y,et al. Speciation evolutions of heavy metals during the sewage sludge incineration in a laboratory scale incinerator[J]. Energy&Fuels,2010,24(4):2470-2478.
[15] KIM M Y,BANG S H,LEE C S. Experimental investigation of spray and combustion characteristics of dimethyl ether in a common-rail diesel engine[J]. Energy&Fuels,2007,21(2):793-800.
[16] GONG Yunyi,LI Xianguo,PENG Zhijun. Droplet size distributions in diesel fuel sprays[J]. Progress in Natural Science,1995,5(5):632-637.
[17] KUTI O B,ZHU J Y,NISHIDA K,et al. Characterization of spray and combustion processes of biodiesel fuel injected by diesel engine common rail system[J]. Fuel,2012,104:838-846.
[18] CATAPANO F,SEMENTA P,VAGLIECO B M. Air-fuel mixing and combustion behavior of gasoline-ethanol blends in a GDI wall-guided turbocharged multi-cylinder optical engine[J]. Renewable Energy,2016,96:319-332.
[19] KIM K,CHUNG J,LEE K,et al. Investigation of the swirl effect on diffusion flame in a direct-injection(DI)diesel engine using image processing technology[J]. Energy&Fuels,2008,22(6):3687-3694.
[2]黄雅卿,王志,王建昕.喷油时刻对缸内直喷汽油机颗粒物排放的影响[J].内燃机学报,2014,32(5):420-425.HUANG Yaqing,WANG Zhi,WANG Jianxin. Effects of injection timing on particulate emission in gasoline direct injection engine[J]. Transactions of CSICE,2014,32(5):420-425.(in Chinese)
[3] MATTIMARICQ M,PODSIADLIK D,CHASE R. Size distributions of motor vehicle exhaust PM:a comparison between ELPI and SMPS measurements[J]. Aerosol Science&Technology,2000,33(3):239-260.
[4] GORDON E,FATHIA M. The composition of spark ignition engine steady state particulate emissions[C]. SAE Technical Papers,1999.
[5] MARTTIMARIC Q. Gasoline engines:ultrafine particle emissions[R]. Physical&Environmental Sciences Research&Innovation Center of Ford Motor Company,2007.
[6] PHILIP P,RICHARD S,JACEK M,et al. Particulate emissions from a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition engine[C]. SAE Technical Papers,2007.
[7] REITZ R D. Directions in internal combustion engine research[J]. Combust Flame,2013,160(1):1-8.
[8] MUSCULUS M P,MILES P C,PICKETT L M. Conceptual models for partially premixed low-temperature diesel combustion[J]. Prog Energy Combust Sci.,2013,39(23):246-283.
[9] DESANTES J M,MARGOT X,PASTOR J M,et al. CFD-phenomenological diesel spray analysis under evaporative conditions[J]. Energy&Fuels,2009,23(8):3919-3929.
[10] POGOREVC P,KEGL B,SKERGET L. Diesel and biodiesel fuel spray simulations[J]. Energy&Fuels,2008,22(2):1266-1274.
[11] PARK S H,KIM H J,LEE C S. Numerical investigation of combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics based on experimental spray and atomization characteristics in a compression ignition diesel engine[J]. Energy&Fuels,2010,24(4):2429-2438.
[12] PERINI F,MILES P C,REITZ R D. A comprehensive modeling study of in-cylinder fluid flows in a high-swirl,light-duty optical diesel engine[J]. Computers&Fluids,2014,105:113-124.
[13]姚春德,胡江涛,银增辉,等.喷油压力对高压共轨柴油机燃烧影响的可视化研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):355-361.YAO Chunde,HU Jiangtao,YIN Zenghui,et al. Visualization on combustion characteristics of common rail diesel engine at different inject pressures[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):355-361.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160149&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 01. 049.(in Chinese)
[14] LIU Z,QIAN G,SUN Y,et al. Speciation evolutions of heavy metals during the sewage sludge incineration in a laboratory scale incinerator[J]. Energy&Fuels,2010,24(4):2470-2478.
[15] KIM M Y,BANG S H,LEE C S. Experimental investigation of spray and combustion characteristics of dimethyl ether in a common-rail diesel engine[J]. Energy&Fuels,2007,21(2):793-800.
[16] GONG Yunyi,LI Xianguo,PENG Zhijun. Droplet size distributions in diesel fuel sprays[J]. Progress in Natural Science,1995,5(5):632-637.
[17] KUTI O B,ZHU J Y,NISHIDA K,et al. Characterization of spray and combustion processes of biodiesel fuel injected by diesel engine common rail system[J]. Fuel,2012,104:838-846.
[18] CATAPANO F,SEMENTA P,VAGLIECO B M. Air-fuel mixing and combustion behavior of gasoline-ethanol blends in a GDI wall-guided turbocharged multi-cylinder optical engine[J]. Renewable Energy,2016,96:319-332.
[19] KIM K,CHUNG J,LEE K,et al. Investigation of the swirl effect on diffusion flame in a direct-injection(DI)diesel engine using image processing technology[J]. Energy&Fuels,2008,22(6):3687-3694.