高山草原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)洞口密度与植被物种和土壤性质的关系:以申扎县为例
|
摘要
本研究以高山草原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)为研究对象,对5个不同鼠洞密度梯度的草地生境、植物群落组成、土壤养分以及地上生物量研究分析。结果表明:1)草地生境土壤温度、容重与鼠兔洞口数量呈显著负相关关系(P <0.05),而植物群落中高山豆(Tibetia himalaica)数量的变化与鼠兔洞口数量变化相一致;2)随着鼠兔洞口数量的增多,土壤养分(土壤全碳、全氮、全磷、有机碳、速效氮和速效磷)含量增加,但未通过显著性水平检验(P>0.05),地上生物量显著增多(P <0.05),但是地上植物多样性却显著降低(P <0.05)。研究结果揭示了高原鼠兔更偏好于保暖性好和干燥的土壤,以及棘豆类植物主要分布的草地;此外,高原鼠兔洞口数量的增加,在一定范围内,能够改善高寒草原的土壤营养环境,促进地上生物量的增长。
We investigated the relationship between plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae) burrow entrance densities and soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, species composition and aboveground biomass(AGB) in an alpine grassland in Xianza County. The results indicated that: 1) soil physical properties(soil temperature and soil bulk density) declined as the number of pika burrow entrances increased(P < 0.05), while the number of pika burrow entrances increased as the density of Tibetia himalaica increased; and 2) as burrow entrance density increased, the concentration of soil nutrients(soil total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus) increased(although the correlation was not significant at P > 0.05), the diversity of plants decreased(P < 0.05), and the aboveground biomass increased(P < 0.05). Plateau pika preferred warm and dry soils, and grassland where Oxytropis glacialis was present. The increase in the number of plateau pika, up to a certain point, improves the soil nutrient status and increases the aboveground biomass of alpine grasslands.
We investigated the relationship between plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae) burrow entrance densities and soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, species composition and aboveground biomass(AGB) in an alpine grassland in Xianza County. The results indicated that: 1) soil physical properties(soil temperature and soil bulk density) declined as the number of pika burrow entrances increased(P < 0.05), while the number of pika burrow entrances increased as the density of Tibetia himalaica increased; and 2) as burrow entrance density increased, the concentration of soil nutrients(soil total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus) increased(although the correlation was not significant at P > 0.05), the diversity of plants decreased(P < 0.05), and the aboveground biomass increased(P < 0.05). Plateau pika preferred warm and dry soils, and grassland where Oxytropis glacialis was present. The increase in the number of plateau pika, up to a certain point, improves the soil nutrient status and increases the aboveground biomass of alpine grasslands.
引文
[1]SMITH A T,FOGGIN J M.The plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)is a keystone species for biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau.Animal Conservation,1999,2(4):235-240.
[2]QIN Y,CHEN J J,YI S H.Plateau pikas burrowing activity accelerates ecosystem carbon emission from alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Ecological Engineering,2015,84:287-291.
[3]LI W D,ZHANG H B,LIU Z H.Brief report on the status of kozlov's pika,Ochotona koslowi(buchner),in the east Kunlun Mountains of China.Integrative Zoology,2006,1(1):22-24.
[4]QU J P,YANG M,LI W J,CHEN Q Q,MI Z R,XU W X,ZHANG Y M.Effects of climate change on the reproduction and offspring sex ratio of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)on the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Arid Environments,2016,134:66-72.
[5]REESE A T,LANIER H C,SARGIS E J.Skeletal indicators of ecological specialization in pika(Mammalia,Ochotonidae).Journal of Morphology,2013,274(5):585-602.
[6]QU J P,LI W J,YANG M,JI W H,ZHANG Y M.Life history of the plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)in alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau.Mammalian Biology,2013,78(1):68-72.
[7]TRAVINA I V,DERVIZ D G,DMITRIEV P P.Relationships between pikas(Ochotona,mammalia)and vegetation in Tuva.Russian Journal of Ecology,2000,31(1):36-42.
[8]SUN F D,CHEN W Y,LIU L,LIU W,CAI Y M,SMITH P.Effects of plateau pika activities on seasonal plant biomass and soil properties in the alpine meadow ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau.Grassland Science,2015,61(4):195-203.
[9]LIU Y S,FAN J W,HARRIS W,SHAO Q Q,ZHOU Y C,WANG N,LI Y Z.Effects of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)on net ecosystem carbon exchange of grassland in the three rivers headwaters region,Qinghai-Tibet,China.Plant and Soil,2013,366(1-2):491-504.
[10]PICHON A,VOITURON N,BAI Z Z,JETON F,TANA W R,MARCHANT D,JIN G E,RICHALET J P,GE R L.Comparative ventilatory strategies of acclimated rats and burrowing plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)in response to hypoxic-hypercapnia.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2015,187:103-110.
[11]WANG G,ZHONG W.Mongolian gerbils and daurian pikas responded differently to changes in precipitation in the Inner Mongolian grasslands.Journal of Arid Environments,2006,66(4):648-656.
[12]周雪荣,郭正刚,郭兴华.高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠在高寒草甸中的作用.草业科学,2010,27(5):38-44.ZHOU X R,GUO Z G,GUO X H.The role of plateau pika and plateall zokor in alpine meadow.Partacultural Science,2010,27(5):38-44.
[13]RETZER V,REUDENBACH C.Modelling the carrying capacity and coexistence of pika and livestock in the mountain steppe of the South Gobi,Mongolia.Ecological Modelling,2005,189(1/2):89-104.
[14]HARRIS R B,WANG W Y,BADINQIUYING,SMITH A T,BEDUNAH D J.Herbivory and competition of Tibetan steppe vegetation in winter pasture:Effects of livestock exclosure and plateau pika reduction.PLoS One,2015,10(7):e0132897.
[15]CASTILLO J A,EPPS C W,JEFFRESS M R,RAY C,RODHOUSE T J,SCHWALM D.Replicated landscape genetic and network analyses reveal wide variation in functional connectivity for American pikas.Ecological Applications,2016,26(6):1660-1676.
[16]SUN F D,CHEN W Y,LIU L,LIU W,LU C X,SMITH P.The density of active burrows of plateau pika in relation to biomass allocation in the alpine meadow ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2015,58:257-264.
[17]宗文杰,江小雷,严林.高原鼢鼠的干扰对高寒草地植物群落物种多样性的影响.草业科学,2006,23(10):68-72.ZONG W J,JIANG X L,YAN L.Effects of plateau zokor disturbance on species diversity of plant communities in alpine meadow.Partacultural Science,2006,23(10):68-72.
[18]WHITFORD W,WADE E L.Ecology of desert systems.Journal of Mammalogy,2002,3:1122.
[19]ROGERS W E,HARTNETT D C,ELDER B.Effects of plains pocket gopher(Geomys bursarius)disturbances on tallgrass-prairie plant community structure.American Midland Naturalist,2001,145(2):344-357.
[20]刘菊梅,司万童.高原鼠兔种群密度与草场植被群落结构的相关性.南方农业学报,2012,43(12):2083-2086.LIU J M,SI W T.Correlation between population density of plateau pika and community structure of grassland.Journal of southern Agriculture,2012,43(12):2083-2086.
[21]KE D,X IN.Burrow use by Tibetan ground tits Pseudopodoces humilis:Coping with life at high altitudes.IBIS,2010,151(2):321-331.
[22]张晓克,鲁旭阳,王小丹.2000-2010年藏北申扎县植被NDVI时空变化与气候因子的关系.山地学报,2014,32(4):475-480.ZHANG X K,LU X Y,WANG X D.The spatial and temporal variation of NDVI and Its relationships to climatic factors in northern Tibet over the period of 2000-2010:Take Shantsa for example.Mountain research,2014,32(4):475-480.
[23]李才,翟庆国,徐锋,朱志勇,王天武.藏北草地资源及其演化趋势:以申扎地区为例.地质通报,2003,22(12):991-998.LI C,ZHAI Q G,XU F,ZHU Z Y,WANG T W.Resources in grassland of norhtern Tibet and its evolutionary trend:A case study of Zainza area.Geological Bulietin of China,2003,22(12):991-998.
[24]阿旺白玛.申扎县草原现状及可持续发展对策.现代农业科技,2017(5):226-227.Awangbaima.Status and sustainable development countermeasures of grassland in Shenzha County.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2017(5):226-227.
[25]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.3rd ed.Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,2000.
[26]ALAN K K,PHILIP A F,JOHN M B,SCOTT L C,MELINDA D S,JONATHAN D C,CHRISTOPHER W H,BRETT T D,MICHELLE S L,JAMES K M.Rainfall variability,carbon cycling,and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland.Science,2002,298:2202-2205.
[27]NIU S L,CLASSEN A T,DUKES J S,KARDOL P,LIU L L,LUO Y Q,RUSTAD L,SUN J,TANG J W,TEMPLER P H,THOMAS R Q,TIAN D S,VICCA S,WANG Y P,XIA J Y,ZAEHLE S.Global patterns and substrate-based mechanisms of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle.Ecology Letters,2016,19(6):697-709.
[28]SUN J,CHENG G W,FAN J H.Soil respiration in response to short-term nitrogen addition in an alpine steppe in northern Tibet.Polish Journal of Ecology,2013,61(4):655-663.
[29]SUN J,CHENG G W,LI W P.Meta-analysis of relationships between environmental factors and aboveground biomass in the alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau.Biogeosciences,2013,10(3):1707-1715.
[30]WESCHE K,NADROWSKI K,RETZER V.Habitat engineering under dry conditions:The impact of pikas(Ochotona pallasi)on vegetation and site conditions in southern Mongolian steppes.Journal of Vegetation Science,2007,18(5):665-674.
[31]卫万荣.高原鼠兔栖息地、洞系特征及其功能的研究.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2013.WEI W R.Study on the habitat and cave system of plateau pika and its function.Master thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2013.
[32]崔庆虎,蒋志刚,连新明,张同作,苏建平.根田鼠栖息地选择的影响因素.兽类学报,2005,25(1):47-53.CUI Q H,JIANG Z G,LIAN X M,ZHANG T Z,SU J P.Factors influencing habitat selection of root voles(Microtus oeconomus).Acta Theriologica Sinica,2005,25(1):47-53.
[33]樊乃昌,张道川.高原鼠兔与达乌尔鼠兔的摄食行为及对栖息地适应性的研究.兽类学报,1996,16(1):48-53.FAN N C,ZHANG D C.Foraging behavior Ochotona curzoniae and Ochtona daurica and their adaptation to habitat.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1996,16(1):48-53.
[34]李维东,李洪春,哈米提,马俊杰.伊犁鼠兔分布区与栖息地的初步研究.动物学杂志,1991(3):28-30.LI W D,LI H C,Hamiti,MA J X.Preliminary study on distribution and habitat of Ili pika.Chinese Journal of Zoology,1991(3):28-30.
[35]许国成.甘南夏河高寒草甸高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔秋季栖息地特征.草业科学,2015,32(10):1675-1681.XU G C.Habitat characteristics of two dominant small mamal species Eospalax bailyei and Ochotona curzoniae in alpine meadow of Xiahe,Gannan.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(10):1675-1681.
[36]张知彬.我国草原鼠害的严重性及防治对策.中国科学院院刊,2003(5):343-347.ZHANG Z B.Grassland rodent damage and management strategy.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003(5):343-347.
[37]边疆晖,景增春,樊乃昌,周文扬.地表覆盖物对高原鼠兔栖息地利用的影响.兽类学报,1999,19(3):212-220.BIAN J H,JING Z C,FAN N C,ZHOU W Y.Influence of cover on habitat utilization of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae).Acta Theriologica Sinica,1999,19(3):212-220.
[38]LI H G,REN Y M,GUO S C,CHENG L,WANG D P,YANG J,CHANG Z J,ZHAO X Q.The protein level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha is increased in the plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)inhabiting high altitudes.Journal of Experimental Zoology Part a-Ecological Genetics and Physiology,2009,311A(2):134-141.
[39]GALIANO D,KUBIAK B B,OVERBECK G E,FREITAS T R O D.Effects of rodents on plant cover,soil hardness,and soil nutrient content:A case study on tuco-tucos(Ctenomys minutus).Acta Theriologica,2014,59(4):583-587.
[40]ARTHUR A D,PECH R P,DAVEY C,JIEBU,ZHANG Y,LIN H.Livestock grazing,plateau pikas and the conservation of avian biodiversity on the Tibetan plateau.Biological Conservation,2008,141(8):1972-1981.
[41]于成,贾婷婷,庞晓攀,郭正刚.高原鼠兔干扰强度对高寒草甸土壤碳氮分布的影响.土壤学报,2016,53(3):768-778.YU C,JIA T T,PANG X P,GUO Z G.Effects of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)disturbing soil carbon and nitrogen distribution in alpine meadow.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(3):768-778.
[42]李文靖,张堰铭.高原鼠兔对高寒草甸土壤有机质及湿度的作用.兽类学报,2006,26(4):331-337.LI W Q,ZHANG Y M.Impacts of plateau pikas on soil organic matter and moisture content in alpine meadow.Acta Theriologica Sinica,2006,26(4):331-337.
[43]张玉霞,姚拓,王国基,马文文,马文彬.高寒生态脆弱区不同扰动生境草地植被及土壤无机氮变化特征.草业学报,2014,23(4):245-252.ZHANG Y X,YAO T,WANG G J,MA W W,MA W B.characteristics of vegetation and soil inorganic notrogen concent trations under different disturbed habitats in a weak alpine ecosystem.Acta Partaculturae Sinica,2014,23(4):245-252.
[44]WANG G,WU B,ZHANG L,JIANG H,XU Z.Role of soil erodibility in affecting available nitrogen and phosphorus losses under simulated rainfall.Journal of Hydrology,2014,514:180-191.
[45]裴海昆,朱志红,乔有明,李希来,孙海群.不同草甸植被类型下土壤腐殖质及有机磷类型探讨.草业学报,2001,10(4):18-23.PEI H K,ZHU Z H,QIAO Y M,LI X L,SUN H Q.Humus in soil and type of organic phosphorus of soil on different alpine meadow vegetation.Acta Partaculturae Sinica,2001,10(4):18-23.
[46]王莹,庞晓攀,肖玉,贾婷婷,王倩,于成,郭正刚.高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物多样性与土壤养分间关系的影响.生态学报,2016,36(17):5485-5496.WANG Y,PANG X P,XIAO Y,JIA T T,WANG Q,YU C,GUO Z G.The effect of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)disturbance on the relationship between plant diversity and soil nutrients of alpine meadow.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(17):5485-5496.
[47]WEI X H,LI S,YANG P,CHENG H S.Soil erosion and vegetation succession in alpine kobresia steppe meadow caused by plateau pika:A case study of Nagqu County,Tibet.Chinese Geographical Science,2007,17(1):75-81.
[48]ZHANG Y,DONG S K,GAO Q Z,LIU S L,LIANG Y,CAO X J.Responses of alpine vegetation and soils to the disturbance of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)at burrow level on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China.Ecological Engineering,2016,88:232-236.
[49]HORN H S.Competition among fugitive species in a harlequin environment.Ecology,1972,53(4):749-752.
[50]TILMAN D.Plant succession and gopher disturbance along an experimental gradient.Oecologia,1983,60(3):285-292.
[2]QIN Y,CHEN J J,YI S H.Plateau pikas burrowing activity accelerates ecosystem carbon emission from alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Ecological Engineering,2015,84:287-291.
[3]LI W D,ZHANG H B,LIU Z H.Brief report on the status of kozlov's pika,Ochotona koslowi(buchner),in the east Kunlun Mountains of China.Integrative Zoology,2006,1(1):22-24.
[4]QU J P,YANG M,LI W J,CHEN Q Q,MI Z R,XU W X,ZHANG Y M.Effects of climate change on the reproduction and offspring sex ratio of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)on the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Arid Environments,2016,134:66-72.
[5]REESE A T,LANIER H C,SARGIS E J.Skeletal indicators of ecological specialization in pika(Mammalia,Ochotonidae).Journal of Morphology,2013,274(5):585-602.
[6]QU J P,LI W J,YANG M,JI W H,ZHANG Y M.Life history of the plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)in alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau.Mammalian Biology,2013,78(1):68-72.
[7]TRAVINA I V,DERVIZ D G,DMITRIEV P P.Relationships between pikas(Ochotona,mammalia)and vegetation in Tuva.Russian Journal of Ecology,2000,31(1):36-42.
[8]SUN F D,CHEN W Y,LIU L,LIU W,CAI Y M,SMITH P.Effects of plateau pika activities on seasonal plant biomass and soil properties in the alpine meadow ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau.Grassland Science,2015,61(4):195-203.
[9]LIU Y S,FAN J W,HARRIS W,SHAO Q Q,ZHOU Y C,WANG N,LI Y Z.Effects of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)on net ecosystem carbon exchange of grassland in the three rivers headwaters region,Qinghai-Tibet,China.Plant and Soil,2013,366(1-2):491-504.
[10]PICHON A,VOITURON N,BAI Z Z,JETON F,TANA W R,MARCHANT D,JIN G E,RICHALET J P,GE R L.Comparative ventilatory strategies of acclimated rats and burrowing plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)in response to hypoxic-hypercapnia.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2015,187:103-110.
[11]WANG G,ZHONG W.Mongolian gerbils and daurian pikas responded differently to changes in precipitation in the Inner Mongolian grasslands.Journal of Arid Environments,2006,66(4):648-656.
[12]周雪荣,郭正刚,郭兴华.高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠在高寒草甸中的作用.草业科学,2010,27(5):38-44.ZHOU X R,GUO Z G,GUO X H.The role of plateau pika and plateall zokor in alpine meadow.Partacultural Science,2010,27(5):38-44.
[13]RETZER V,REUDENBACH C.Modelling the carrying capacity and coexistence of pika and livestock in the mountain steppe of the South Gobi,Mongolia.Ecological Modelling,2005,189(1/2):89-104.
[14]HARRIS R B,WANG W Y,BADINQIUYING,SMITH A T,BEDUNAH D J.Herbivory and competition of Tibetan steppe vegetation in winter pasture:Effects of livestock exclosure and plateau pika reduction.PLoS One,2015,10(7):e0132897.
[15]CASTILLO J A,EPPS C W,JEFFRESS M R,RAY C,RODHOUSE T J,SCHWALM D.Replicated landscape genetic and network analyses reveal wide variation in functional connectivity for American pikas.Ecological Applications,2016,26(6):1660-1676.
[16]SUN F D,CHEN W Y,LIU L,LIU W,LU C X,SMITH P.The density of active burrows of plateau pika in relation to biomass allocation in the alpine meadow ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2015,58:257-264.
[17]宗文杰,江小雷,严林.高原鼢鼠的干扰对高寒草地植物群落物种多样性的影响.草业科学,2006,23(10):68-72.ZONG W J,JIANG X L,YAN L.Effects of plateau zokor disturbance on species diversity of plant communities in alpine meadow.Partacultural Science,2006,23(10):68-72.
[18]WHITFORD W,WADE E L.Ecology of desert systems.Journal of Mammalogy,2002,3:1122.
[19]ROGERS W E,HARTNETT D C,ELDER B.Effects of plains pocket gopher(Geomys bursarius)disturbances on tallgrass-prairie plant community structure.American Midland Naturalist,2001,145(2):344-357.
[20]刘菊梅,司万童.高原鼠兔种群密度与草场植被群落结构的相关性.南方农业学报,2012,43(12):2083-2086.LIU J M,SI W T.Correlation between population density of plateau pika and community structure of grassland.Journal of southern Agriculture,2012,43(12):2083-2086.
[21]KE D,X IN.Burrow use by Tibetan ground tits Pseudopodoces humilis:Coping with life at high altitudes.IBIS,2010,151(2):321-331.
[22]张晓克,鲁旭阳,王小丹.2000-2010年藏北申扎县植被NDVI时空变化与气候因子的关系.山地学报,2014,32(4):475-480.ZHANG X K,LU X Y,WANG X D.The spatial and temporal variation of NDVI and Its relationships to climatic factors in northern Tibet over the period of 2000-2010:Take Shantsa for example.Mountain research,2014,32(4):475-480.
[23]李才,翟庆国,徐锋,朱志勇,王天武.藏北草地资源及其演化趋势:以申扎地区为例.地质通报,2003,22(12):991-998.LI C,ZHAI Q G,XU F,ZHU Z Y,WANG T W.Resources in grassland of norhtern Tibet and its evolutionary trend:A case study of Zainza area.Geological Bulietin of China,2003,22(12):991-998.
[24]阿旺白玛.申扎县草原现状及可持续发展对策.现代农业科技,2017(5):226-227.Awangbaima.Status and sustainable development countermeasures of grassland in Shenzha County.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2017(5):226-227.
[25]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.3rd ed.Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,2000.
[26]ALAN K K,PHILIP A F,JOHN M B,SCOTT L C,MELINDA D S,JONATHAN D C,CHRISTOPHER W H,BRETT T D,MICHELLE S L,JAMES K M.Rainfall variability,carbon cycling,and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland.Science,2002,298:2202-2205.
[27]NIU S L,CLASSEN A T,DUKES J S,KARDOL P,LIU L L,LUO Y Q,RUSTAD L,SUN J,TANG J W,TEMPLER P H,THOMAS R Q,TIAN D S,VICCA S,WANG Y P,XIA J Y,ZAEHLE S.Global patterns and substrate-based mechanisms of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle.Ecology Letters,2016,19(6):697-709.
[28]SUN J,CHENG G W,FAN J H.Soil respiration in response to short-term nitrogen addition in an alpine steppe in northern Tibet.Polish Journal of Ecology,2013,61(4):655-663.
[29]SUN J,CHENG G W,LI W P.Meta-analysis of relationships between environmental factors and aboveground biomass in the alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau.Biogeosciences,2013,10(3):1707-1715.
[30]WESCHE K,NADROWSKI K,RETZER V.Habitat engineering under dry conditions:The impact of pikas(Ochotona pallasi)on vegetation and site conditions in southern Mongolian steppes.Journal of Vegetation Science,2007,18(5):665-674.
[31]卫万荣.高原鼠兔栖息地、洞系特征及其功能的研究.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2013.WEI W R.Study on the habitat and cave system of plateau pika and its function.Master thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2013.
[32]崔庆虎,蒋志刚,连新明,张同作,苏建平.根田鼠栖息地选择的影响因素.兽类学报,2005,25(1):47-53.CUI Q H,JIANG Z G,LIAN X M,ZHANG T Z,SU J P.Factors influencing habitat selection of root voles(Microtus oeconomus).Acta Theriologica Sinica,2005,25(1):47-53.
[33]樊乃昌,张道川.高原鼠兔与达乌尔鼠兔的摄食行为及对栖息地适应性的研究.兽类学报,1996,16(1):48-53.FAN N C,ZHANG D C.Foraging behavior Ochotona curzoniae and Ochtona daurica and their adaptation to habitat.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1996,16(1):48-53.
[34]李维东,李洪春,哈米提,马俊杰.伊犁鼠兔分布区与栖息地的初步研究.动物学杂志,1991(3):28-30.LI W D,LI H C,Hamiti,MA J X.Preliminary study on distribution and habitat of Ili pika.Chinese Journal of Zoology,1991(3):28-30.
[35]许国成.甘南夏河高寒草甸高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔秋季栖息地特征.草业科学,2015,32(10):1675-1681.XU G C.Habitat characteristics of two dominant small mamal species Eospalax bailyei and Ochotona curzoniae in alpine meadow of Xiahe,Gannan.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(10):1675-1681.
[36]张知彬.我国草原鼠害的严重性及防治对策.中国科学院院刊,2003(5):343-347.ZHANG Z B.Grassland rodent damage and management strategy.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003(5):343-347.
[37]边疆晖,景增春,樊乃昌,周文扬.地表覆盖物对高原鼠兔栖息地利用的影响.兽类学报,1999,19(3):212-220.BIAN J H,JING Z C,FAN N C,ZHOU W Y.Influence of cover on habitat utilization of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae).Acta Theriologica Sinica,1999,19(3):212-220.
[38]LI H G,REN Y M,GUO S C,CHENG L,WANG D P,YANG J,CHANG Z J,ZHAO X Q.The protein level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha is increased in the plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)inhabiting high altitudes.Journal of Experimental Zoology Part a-Ecological Genetics and Physiology,2009,311A(2):134-141.
[39]GALIANO D,KUBIAK B B,OVERBECK G E,FREITAS T R O D.Effects of rodents on plant cover,soil hardness,and soil nutrient content:A case study on tuco-tucos(Ctenomys minutus).Acta Theriologica,2014,59(4):583-587.
[40]ARTHUR A D,PECH R P,DAVEY C,JIEBU,ZHANG Y,LIN H.Livestock grazing,plateau pikas and the conservation of avian biodiversity on the Tibetan plateau.Biological Conservation,2008,141(8):1972-1981.
[41]于成,贾婷婷,庞晓攀,郭正刚.高原鼠兔干扰强度对高寒草甸土壤碳氮分布的影响.土壤学报,2016,53(3):768-778.YU C,JIA T T,PANG X P,GUO Z G.Effects of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)disturbing soil carbon and nitrogen distribution in alpine meadow.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(3):768-778.
[42]李文靖,张堰铭.高原鼠兔对高寒草甸土壤有机质及湿度的作用.兽类学报,2006,26(4):331-337.LI W Q,ZHANG Y M.Impacts of plateau pikas on soil organic matter and moisture content in alpine meadow.Acta Theriologica Sinica,2006,26(4):331-337.
[43]张玉霞,姚拓,王国基,马文文,马文彬.高寒生态脆弱区不同扰动生境草地植被及土壤无机氮变化特征.草业学报,2014,23(4):245-252.ZHANG Y X,YAO T,WANG G J,MA W W,MA W B.characteristics of vegetation and soil inorganic notrogen concent trations under different disturbed habitats in a weak alpine ecosystem.Acta Partaculturae Sinica,2014,23(4):245-252.
[44]WANG G,WU B,ZHANG L,JIANG H,XU Z.Role of soil erodibility in affecting available nitrogen and phosphorus losses under simulated rainfall.Journal of Hydrology,2014,514:180-191.
[45]裴海昆,朱志红,乔有明,李希来,孙海群.不同草甸植被类型下土壤腐殖质及有机磷类型探讨.草业学报,2001,10(4):18-23.PEI H K,ZHU Z H,QIAO Y M,LI X L,SUN H Q.Humus in soil and type of organic phosphorus of soil on different alpine meadow vegetation.Acta Partaculturae Sinica,2001,10(4):18-23.
[46]王莹,庞晓攀,肖玉,贾婷婷,王倩,于成,郭正刚.高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物多样性与土壤养分间关系的影响.生态学报,2016,36(17):5485-5496.WANG Y,PANG X P,XIAO Y,JIA T T,WANG Q,YU C,GUO Z G.The effect of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)disturbance on the relationship between plant diversity and soil nutrients of alpine meadow.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(17):5485-5496.
[47]WEI X H,LI S,YANG P,CHENG H S.Soil erosion and vegetation succession in alpine kobresia steppe meadow caused by plateau pika:A case study of Nagqu County,Tibet.Chinese Geographical Science,2007,17(1):75-81.
[48]ZHANG Y,DONG S K,GAO Q Z,LIU S L,LIANG Y,CAO X J.Responses of alpine vegetation and soils to the disturbance of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)at burrow level on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China.Ecological Engineering,2016,88:232-236.
[49]HORN H S.Competition among fugitive species in a harlequin environment.Ecology,1972,53(4):749-752.
[50]TILMAN D.Plant succession and gopher disturbance along an experimental gradient.Oecologia,1983,60(3):285-292.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |