Polyaspartic acid mediates the absorption and translocation of mineral elements in tomato seedlings under combined copper and cadmium stress
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摘要
Polyaspartic acid(PASP)is a nontoxic,biodegradable,environmentally friendly polymer and is widely used as a fertilizer synergist in agricultural production.In many old orchards and vegetable gardens,highly fertile soil is often accompanied by severe heavy metal contamination.The present study was designed to investigate mineral element interactions mediated by PASP under copper(Cu)+cadmium(Cd)combined stress to provide reasonable suggestions for scientific fertilization.A pot experiment was conducted in which tomato seedlings served as plant materials.A concentration of 700 mgPASP and foliar spraying application methods were selected based on previous experiments.Four treatments were applied:normal soil(control(CK)),Cu+Cd(combined stress),Cu+Cd+PASP,and normal soil+PASP.The plant biomass,root activity,and mineral elements were measured,and these data were analyzed by Data Processing System(DPS)statistical software.The results showed that,under Cu+Cd combined stress,PASP promoted stem diameter growth,root activity and chlorophyll content and ultimately increased the biomass of tomato seedlings to different degrees.Moreover,the content of both Cu and Cd and their individual accumulation in plants decreased.PASP increased the distribution of Cu and Cd in the roots under Cu+Cd combined stress,and the translocation ability from the roots to shoots was significantly restricted.With respect to essential elements,PASP promoted mainly the absorption and translocation of potassium(K),calcium(Ca),and magnesium(Mg),which greatly exerted physiological roles.However,the variation trends of Cu and Cd under normal soil conditions contrasted with those under stress conditions.With respect to essential elements other than K,Ca,and Mg,PASP mostly restrained their absorption but promoted their translocation.The regulatory mechanism of PASP differed between the combined stress conditions and normal soil conditions.Under the combined stress conditions,PASP seemed to mainly promote these advantageous factors that exert physiological regulatory functions.Under normal soil conditions,PASP mainly acted as a biological stimulant or signaling molecule for increased nutrient efficiency,which caused greater biomass productivity.
Polyaspartic acid(PASP)is a nontoxic,biodegradable,environmentally friendly polymer and is widely used as a fertilizer synergist in agricultural production.In many old orchards and vegetable gardens,highly fertile soil is often accompanied by severe heavy metal contamination.The present study was designed to investigate mineral element interactions mediated by PASP under copper(Cu)+cadmium(Cd)combined stress to provide reasonable suggestions for scientific fertilization.A pot experiment was conducted in which tomato seedlings served as plant materials.A concentration of 700 mgPASP and foliar spraying application methods were selected based on previous experiments.Four treatments were applied:normal soil(control(CK)),Cu+Cd(combined stress),Cu+Cd+PASP,and normal soil+PASP.The plant biomass,root activity,and mineral elements were measured,and these data were analyzed by Data Processing System(DPS)statistical software.The results showed that,under Cu+Cd combined stress,PASP promoted stem diameter growth,root activity and chlorophyll content and ultimately increased the biomass of tomato seedlings to different degrees.Moreover,the content of both Cu and Cd and their individual accumulation in plants decreased.PASP increased the distribution of Cu and Cd in the roots under Cu+Cd combined stress,and the translocation ability from the roots to shoots was significantly restricted.With respect to essential elements,PASP promoted mainly the absorption and translocation of potassium(K),calcium(Ca),and magnesium(Mg),which greatly exerted physiological roles.However,the variation trends of Cu and Cd under normal soil conditions contrasted with those under stress conditions.With respect to essential elements other than K,Ca,and Mg,PASP mostly restrained their absorption but promoted their translocation.The regulatory mechanism of PASP differed between the combined stress conditions and normal soil conditions.Under the combined stress conditions,PASP seemed to mainly promote these advantageous factors that exert physiological regulatory functions.Under normal soil conditions,PASP mainly acted as a biological stimulant or signaling molecule for increased nutrient efficiency,which caused greater biomass productivity.
Polyaspartic acid(PASP)is a nontoxic,biodegradable,environmentally friendly polymer and is widely used as a fertilizer synergist in agricultural production.In many old orchards and vegetable gardens,highly fertile soil is often accompanied by severe heavy metal contamination.The present study was designed to investigate mineral element interactions mediated by PASP under copper(Cu)+cadmium(Cd)combined stress to provide reasonable suggestions for scientific fertilization.A pot experiment was conducted in which tomato seedlings served as plant materials.A concentration of 700 mgPASP and foliar spraying application methods were selected based on previous experiments.Four treatments were applied:normal soil(control(CK)),Cu+Cd(combined stress),Cu+Cd+PASP,and normal soil+PASP.The plant biomass,root activity,and mineral elements were measured,and these data were analyzed by Data Processing System(DPS)statistical software.The results showed that,under Cu+Cd combined stress,PASP promoted stem diameter growth,root activity and chlorophyll content and ultimately increased the biomass of tomato seedlings to different degrees.Moreover,the content of both Cu and Cd and their individual accumulation in plants decreased.PASP increased the distribution of Cu and Cd in the roots under Cu+Cd combined stress,and the translocation ability from the roots to shoots was significantly restricted.With respect to essential elements,PASP promoted mainly the absorption and translocation of potassium(K),calcium(Ca),and magnesium(Mg),which greatly exerted physiological roles.However,the variation trends of Cu and Cd under normal soil conditions contrasted with those under stress conditions.With respect to essential elements other than K,Ca,and Mg,PASP mostly restrained their absorption but promoted their translocation.The regulatory mechanism of PASP differed between the combined stress conditions and normal soil conditions.Under the combined stress conditions,PASP seemed to mainly promote these advantageous factors that exert physiological regulatory functions.Under normal soil conditions,PASP mainly acted as a biological stimulant or signaling molecule for increased nutrient efficiency,which caused greater biomass productivity.
引文
Bao S D.2002.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.pp.25-114,152-188.(in Chinese)
Chen J X,Xu L H,Han J,Su M,Wu Q.2015.Synthesis of modified polyaspartic acid and evaluation of its scale inhibition and dispersion capacity.Desalination,358,42-48.
Deng F,Wang L,Ren W J,Mei X F.2014.Enhancing nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen balance in paddy fields by optimizing nitrogen management and using polyaspartic acid urea.Field Crops Research,169,30-38.
Deng F,Wang L,Ren W J,Mei X F,Li S X.2015.Optimized nitrogen managements and polyaspartic acid urea improved dry matter production and yield of indica hybrid rice.Soil and Tillage Research,145,1-9.
Du Z J,Yang H,Wang S C,Xu L,Wang B,Wang K L,Li SG,Luo H Y.2011.Advance of homologous polypeptides polyaspartic acids for agriculture.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,32,2381-2384.(in Chinese)
EPMLR(Environmental Protection,Ministry of Land and Resources).2014.The Soil Pollution Condition Investigation Communiqu.Ministry of Ecological Environment of China,Beijing.(in Chinese)
Fu R B,Wen D D,Xia X Q,Zhang W,Gu Y Y.2017.Electrokinetic remediation of chromium(Cr)-contaminated soil with citric acid(CA)and polyaspartic acid(PASP)as electrolytes.Chemical Engineering Journal,316,601-608.
Gutierrez E,Miller T C,Gonzalez-Redondo J R,Holcombe JA.1999.Characterization of immobilized poly-L-aspartate as a metal chelator.Environment Science and Technology,33,1664-1670.
Hawrylak-Nowak B,Dresler S,Matraszek R.2015.Exogenous malic and acetic acids reduce cadmium phytotoxicity and enhance cadmium accumulation in roots of sunflower plants.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,94,225-234.
King W E,Fister R P,Norris S J.2012.Slow-Release Fertilizer and Method of Making and Using Same.United States Patent,Appliaction No.US8182572B2,2012-05-22.
Kinnersley A M,Koskan L P,Strom D J,Meah A R Y.1997.Method for More Efficient Uptake of Plant Growth Nutrients.United States Patent,Application No.5593947.1997-01-14.
Koskan L P,Low K C.1992.Polyaspartic Acid as a Calcium Sulfate and a Barium Sulfate Inhibitor.United States Patent,Application No.5116513,1992-05-26.
Koskan L P,Meah A R Y,Sanders J L,Ross R J.1999.Method and Composition for Enhanced Plant Productivity Comprising Fertilizer and Cross-Linked Poly Amino Acid.United States Patent,Application No.5861356.1999-01-19.
Leng Y X.2005.Synthesis and application of polyaspartic acid.Ph D thesis,Nanjing Technology University,China.(in Chinese)
Liu R,Wang M,Chen W P,Chi P.2016.Spatial pattern of heavy metals accumulation risk in urban soils of Beijing and its influencing factors.Environmental Pollution,210,174-181.
Lu R K.2000.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)
Marschner P.2013.Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants.3rd ed.Science Press,Beijing.pp.171-178.
Pamela C,Louise N,Joseph W K.2014.Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants.Plant and Soil,383,3-41.
Pan L B,Wang Y,Ma J,Hu Y,Su B Y,Fang G L,Wang L,Bao X.2018.A review of heavy metal pollution levels and health risk assessment of urban soils in Chinese cities.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,25,1055-1069.
Satarug S,Baker J R,Urbenjapol S,Haswell-Elkins M,Reilly P E,Williams D J,Moore M R.2003.A global perspective on cadmium pollution and toxicity in non-occupationally exposed population.Toxicology Letters,137,65-83.
Shilpa S,Amita D,Amita M.2014.Polyaspartic acid based superabsorbent polymers.European Polymer Journal,59,363-376.
Singh D,Nath K,Sharma Y K.2007.Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress.Journal of Environmental Biology,28,409-414.
Tomida M,Nakato T,Matsunami S,Kakuchi T.1997.Convenient synthesis of high molecular weight poly(succinimide)by acid-catalysed olycondensation of I-aspartic acid.Polymer,38,4733-4736.
Tanhan P,Kruatrachue M,Pokethitiyook P,Chaiyarat R.2007.Uptake and accumulation of cadmium,lead and zinc by Siam weed[Chromolaena odorata(L.)King&Robinson].Chemosphere,68,323-329.
Wei S H,Zhou Q X.2006.Phytoremediation of cadmiumcontaminated soils by Rorippa globosa using two-phase planting.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,13,151-155.
Wang Y J,Dong Y X,Wang J,Cui X M.2016.Alleviating effects of exogenous NO on tomato seedlings under combined Cu and Cd stress.Environment Science and Pollution Research,23,4826-4836.
Xu W H,Li Y R,He J P,Ma Q F,Zhang X J,Chen G Q,Wang H X,Zhang H B.2010.Cd uptake in rice cultivars treated with organic acids and EDTA.Journal of Environmental Sciences,22,441-447.
Zhu Z L,Zhang R H,Wang H,Qiu Y L,Zhao J F.2005.New Technology for Separation and Recovery of Heavy Metals from Sludge and Soil.Chinese Patent,Application No.ZL200510024125.9,2005-10-05.(in Chinese)
Chen J X,Xu L H,Han J,Su M,Wu Q.2015.Synthesis of modified polyaspartic acid and evaluation of its scale inhibition and dispersion capacity.Desalination,358,42-48.
Deng F,Wang L,Ren W J,Mei X F.2014.Enhancing nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen balance in paddy fields by optimizing nitrogen management and using polyaspartic acid urea.Field Crops Research,169,30-38.
Deng F,Wang L,Ren W J,Mei X F,Li S X.2015.Optimized nitrogen managements and polyaspartic acid urea improved dry matter production and yield of indica hybrid rice.Soil and Tillage Research,145,1-9.
Du Z J,Yang H,Wang S C,Xu L,Wang B,Wang K L,Li SG,Luo H Y.2011.Advance of homologous polypeptides polyaspartic acids for agriculture.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,32,2381-2384.(in Chinese)
EPMLR(Environmental Protection,Ministry of Land and Resources).2014.The Soil Pollution Condition Investigation Communiqu.Ministry of Ecological Environment of China,Beijing.(in Chinese)
Fu R B,Wen D D,Xia X Q,Zhang W,Gu Y Y.2017.Electrokinetic remediation of chromium(Cr)-contaminated soil with citric acid(CA)and polyaspartic acid(PASP)as electrolytes.Chemical Engineering Journal,316,601-608.
Gutierrez E,Miller T C,Gonzalez-Redondo J R,Holcombe JA.1999.Characterization of immobilized poly-L-aspartate as a metal chelator.Environment Science and Technology,33,1664-1670.
Hawrylak-Nowak B,Dresler S,Matraszek R.2015.Exogenous malic and acetic acids reduce cadmium phytotoxicity and enhance cadmium accumulation in roots of sunflower plants.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,94,225-234.
King W E,Fister R P,Norris S J.2012.Slow-Release Fertilizer and Method of Making and Using Same.United States Patent,Appliaction No.US8182572B2,2012-05-22.
Kinnersley A M,Koskan L P,Strom D J,Meah A R Y.1997.Method for More Efficient Uptake of Plant Growth Nutrients.United States Patent,Application No.5593947.1997-01-14.
Koskan L P,Low K C.1992.Polyaspartic Acid as a Calcium Sulfate and a Barium Sulfate Inhibitor.United States Patent,Application No.5116513,1992-05-26.
Koskan L P,Meah A R Y,Sanders J L,Ross R J.1999.Method and Composition for Enhanced Plant Productivity Comprising Fertilizer and Cross-Linked Poly Amino Acid.United States Patent,Application No.5861356.1999-01-19.
Leng Y X.2005.Synthesis and application of polyaspartic acid.Ph D thesis,Nanjing Technology University,China.(in Chinese)
Liu R,Wang M,Chen W P,Chi P.2016.Spatial pattern of heavy metals accumulation risk in urban soils of Beijing and its influencing factors.Environmental Pollution,210,174-181.
Lu R K.2000.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)
Marschner P.2013.Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants.3rd ed.Science Press,Beijing.pp.171-178.
Pamela C,Louise N,Joseph W K.2014.Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants.Plant and Soil,383,3-41.
Pan L B,Wang Y,Ma J,Hu Y,Su B Y,Fang G L,Wang L,Bao X.2018.A review of heavy metal pollution levels and health risk assessment of urban soils in Chinese cities.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,25,1055-1069.
Satarug S,Baker J R,Urbenjapol S,Haswell-Elkins M,Reilly P E,Williams D J,Moore M R.2003.A global perspective on cadmium pollution and toxicity in non-occupationally exposed population.Toxicology Letters,137,65-83.
Shilpa S,Amita D,Amita M.2014.Polyaspartic acid based superabsorbent polymers.European Polymer Journal,59,363-376.
Singh D,Nath K,Sharma Y K.2007.Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress.Journal of Environmental Biology,28,409-414.
Tomida M,Nakato T,Matsunami S,Kakuchi T.1997.Convenient synthesis of high molecular weight poly(succinimide)by acid-catalysed olycondensation of I-aspartic acid.Polymer,38,4733-4736.
Tanhan P,Kruatrachue M,Pokethitiyook P,Chaiyarat R.2007.Uptake and accumulation of cadmium,lead and zinc by Siam weed[Chromolaena odorata(L.)King&Robinson].Chemosphere,68,323-329.
Wei S H,Zhou Q X.2006.Phytoremediation of cadmiumcontaminated soils by Rorippa globosa using two-phase planting.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,13,151-155.
Wang Y J,Dong Y X,Wang J,Cui X M.2016.Alleviating effects of exogenous NO on tomato seedlings under combined Cu and Cd stress.Environment Science and Pollution Research,23,4826-4836.
Xu W H,Li Y R,He J P,Ma Q F,Zhang X J,Chen G Q,Wang H X,Zhang H B.2010.Cd uptake in rice cultivars treated with organic acids and EDTA.Journal of Environmental Sciences,22,441-447.
Zhu Z L,Zhang R H,Wang H,Qiu Y L,Zhao J F.2005.New Technology for Separation and Recovery of Heavy Metals from Sludge and Soil.Chinese Patent,Application No.ZL200510024125.9,2005-10-05.(in Chinese)