皮氏菊头蝠(Rhinolophus pearsoni)的栖息生态特征
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摘要
皮氏菊头蝠(Rhinolophus pearsoni)是我国南方典型的洞栖食虫性蝙蝠,具有重要的生态意义。近年于湘西州及张家界市的25个溶洞中共记录到该蝠450只次,对其栖息生态特征(空间分布、姿势、体温、栖点温度和栖点安全性等)进行了较为系统的观测。结果表明:该蝠的栖点主要集中分布于离洞口440 m之内的洞段(占99.3%),栖点高度通常介于2—10 m之间(84%),主要采取双足倒挂的姿势栖息于洞顶壁或侧壁,但单足倒挂的栖息姿势也较为常见(36.2%)。体温介于10.7—25.2℃,体温总是稍高于栖点温度,但两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),且两者呈线性正相关。约64%的栖点"安全性高",而"安全性低"和"安全性中"的栖点分别占17.6%和18.4%。减少对洞穴的人为干扰是保护该物种的有效途径。
Rhinolophus pearsoni is a typical cave-dwelling and insectivorous bat species(Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera) in the Wuling mountains of South China. In this study, we investigated its roosting ecology in the karst caves of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Nationality Autonomous Prefecture and Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province. Based on the observation of 450 individual-by-times(IBT), the results indicated that most roostpoints were occupied by these bats distributed within a 440 m distance of cave tunnels from cave entrances(99.3%), and generally a 2—10 m height from the cave ground(84%). They roosted in an upside-down posture with two feet and their claws hanging under the cave ceiling or walls; however, about 36.2% IBT were observed in a similar roosting posture but with only one foot and the claws. Body temperature during the investigation ranged from 10.7℃ to 25.2℃ and was always slightly higher than roost-site temperature; furthermore there were no significant differences(P > 0.05) but a linear positive correlation between the two temperatures. Approximately 64% IBT occupied "high safety" roost sites, whereas "low safety" and "medium safety" sites had a percentage of 17.6% and 18.4%, respectively. To effectively conserve this species, human interference and environmental destruction should be mitigated in karst caves.
Rhinolophus pearsoni is a typical cave-dwelling and insectivorous bat species(Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera) in the Wuling mountains of South China. In this study, we investigated its roosting ecology in the karst caves of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Nationality Autonomous Prefecture and Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province. Based on the observation of 450 individual-by-times(IBT), the results indicated that most roostpoints were occupied by these bats distributed within a 440 m distance of cave tunnels from cave entrances(99.3%), and generally a 2—10 m height from the cave ground(84%). They roosted in an upside-down posture with two feet and their claws hanging under the cave ceiling or walls; however, about 36.2% IBT were observed in a similar roosting posture but with only one foot and the claws. Body temperature during the investigation ranged from 10.7℃ to 25.2℃ and was always slightly higher than roost-site temperature; furthermore there were no significant differences(P > 0.05) but a linear positive correlation between the two temperatures. Approximately 64% IBT occupied "high safety" roost sites, whereas "low safety" and "medium safety" sites had a percentage of 17.6% and 18.4%, respectively. To effectively conserve this species, human interference and environmental destruction should be mitigated in karst caves.
引文
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[2] 石红艳,刘昊,唐中海,黄俊忠.绵阳鼠耳蝠的初步研究.绵阳师范学院学报,2006,25(5):86- 90.
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[5] Burgar J M,Stokes V L,Craig M D.Habitat features act as unidirectional and dynamic filters to bat use of production landscapes.Biological Conservation,2017,209:280- 288.
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[7] 余文华,范凤兰,江海声,李善元,孔祥坤,吴毅.海南五指山洞穴蝙蝠对夏季栖息地的选择.广东林业科技,2015,31(5):74- 79.
[8] 蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,冯祚建.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布.北京:科学出版社,2015:84- 84.
[9] 王酉之,胡锦矗.四川兽类原色图鉴.北京:中国林业出版社,1999:82- 82.
[10] Jiang T L,Feng J,Sun K P,Wang J.Coexistence of two sympatric and morphologically similar bat species Rhinolophus affinis and Rhinolophus pearsoni.Progress in Natural Science,2008,18(5):523- 532.
[11] Sun D X,Sun X D,Jen P H S.The influence of the auditory cortex on acoustically evoked cerebellar responses in the CF-FM bat,Rhinolophus pearsonic chinesis.Journal of Comparative Physiology A,1990,166(4):477- 487.
[12] 周江,谢家骅,戴强,曾亚军,刘建昕,张文刚,张树义.皮氏菊头蝠夏季的捕食行为对策.动物学研究,2002,23(2):120- 128.
[13] 阮蓉蕡.皮氏菊头蝠Rhinolophus pearsoni心电图分析.杭州师范学院学报:自然科学版,1988,(3):62- 63.
[14] 杨天友,黄俊坛,侯秀发,梅杰,冉辉.贵州省江口县洞穴型蝙蝠的物种多样性与保护现状.四川动物,2016,35(3):475- 480.
[15] 林爱青,王磊,刘森,由玉岩,冯江.江苏省蝙蝠新纪录——皮氏菊头蝠.动物学杂志,2009,44(3):113- 117.
[16] 武吉海.中国西部概览——湘西州.北京:民族出版社,2002.
[17] 郑淑燕.绝美张家界.魅力中国,2006,(6):76- 78.
[18] Smith A T,解焱.中国兽类野外手册.陈延熹,译.长沙:湖南教育出版社,2009:287- 287.
[19] Romero A.Cave Biology:Life in Darkness.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2009:201- 206.
[20] 黄太福,彭乐,吴涛,龚小燕,王敏,张佑祥,刘志霄.大菊头蝠冬眠期栖点选择的初步调查.世界生态学,2016,5(3):57- 66.
[21] 龚小燕,黄太福,吴涛,张佑祥,彭清忠,刘志霄.西南鼠耳蝠(Myotis altarium)的栖息生态学研究.生态学报,2018,38(21),7549-7556.
[22] 龚小燕,黄太福,吴涛,张佑祥,刘志霄.旅游热点洞穴与废弃洞穴温湿度、CO2浓度及洞内生物的比较研究.世界生态学,2017,6(4):180- 190.
[23] 冯江,李振新,陈敏,周江,赵辉华,张树义.同一山洞中五种蝙蝠的回声定位比较及生态位的分化.生态学报,2002,22(2):150- 155.
[24] 杨天友,侯秀发,冉辉,杨毅.贵州省印江县洞穴型蝙蝠的物种多样性与保护.野生动物学报,2018,39(1):158- 163.
[25] 叶复华,张昌友,张祖福,郭伟健,王晓云,吴毅.江西九连山自然保护区洞穴型蝙蝠的多样性与保护.南方林业科学,2017,45(2):39- 41,52- 52.
[2] 石红艳,刘昊,唐中海,黄俊忠.绵阳鼠耳蝠的初步研究.绵阳师范学院学报,2006,25(5):86- 90.
[3] 沃恩T A,瑞安J M,恰普莱夫斯基N J.哺乳动物学(第六版).刘志霄,译.北京:科学出版社,2017:262- 270.
[4] Chambers C L,Cushman S A,Medina-Fitoria A,Martínez-Fonseca J,Chávez-Velásquez M.Influences of scale on bat habitat relationships in a forested landscape in Nicaragua.Landscape Ecology,2016,31(6):1299- 1318.
[5] Burgar J M,Stokes V L,Craig M D.Habitat features act as unidirectional and dynamic filters to bat use of production landscapes.Biological Conservation,2017,209:280- 288.
[6] 吴兆录,闫海忠.生物多样性保护的一个理论框架——生物最小面积概念.生物多样性,1996,4(1):26- 31.
[7] 余文华,范凤兰,江海声,李善元,孔祥坤,吴毅.海南五指山洞穴蝙蝠对夏季栖息地的选择.广东林业科技,2015,31(5):74- 79.
[8] 蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,冯祚建.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布.北京:科学出版社,2015:84- 84.
[9] 王酉之,胡锦矗.四川兽类原色图鉴.北京:中国林业出版社,1999:82- 82.
[10] Jiang T L,Feng J,Sun K P,Wang J.Coexistence of two sympatric and morphologically similar bat species Rhinolophus affinis and Rhinolophus pearsoni.Progress in Natural Science,2008,18(5):523- 532.
[11] Sun D X,Sun X D,Jen P H S.The influence of the auditory cortex on acoustically evoked cerebellar responses in the CF-FM bat,Rhinolophus pearsonic chinesis.Journal of Comparative Physiology A,1990,166(4):477- 487.
[12] 周江,谢家骅,戴强,曾亚军,刘建昕,张文刚,张树义.皮氏菊头蝠夏季的捕食行为对策.动物学研究,2002,23(2):120- 128.
[13] 阮蓉蕡.皮氏菊头蝠Rhinolophus pearsoni心电图分析.杭州师范学院学报:自然科学版,1988,(3):62- 63.
[14] 杨天友,黄俊坛,侯秀发,梅杰,冉辉.贵州省江口县洞穴型蝙蝠的物种多样性与保护现状.四川动物,2016,35(3):475- 480.
[15] 林爱青,王磊,刘森,由玉岩,冯江.江苏省蝙蝠新纪录——皮氏菊头蝠.动物学杂志,2009,44(3):113- 117.
[16] 武吉海.中国西部概览——湘西州.北京:民族出版社,2002.
[17] 郑淑燕.绝美张家界.魅力中国,2006,(6):76- 78.
[18] Smith A T,解焱.中国兽类野外手册.陈延熹,译.长沙:湖南教育出版社,2009:287- 287.
[19] Romero A.Cave Biology:Life in Darkness.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2009:201- 206.
[20] 黄太福,彭乐,吴涛,龚小燕,王敏,张佑祥,刘志霄.大菊头蝠冬眠期栖点选择的初步调查.世界生态学,2016,5(3):57- 66.
[21] 龚小燕,黄太福,吴涛,张佑祥,彭清忠,刘志霄.西南鼠耳蝠(Myotis altarium)的栖息生态学研究.生态学报,2018,38(21),7549-7556.
[22] 龚小燕,黄太福,吴涛,张佑祥,刘志霄.旅游热点洞穴与废弃洞穴温湿度、CO2浓度及洞内生物的比较研究.世界生态学,2017,6(4):180- 190.
[23] 冯江,李振新,陈敏,周江,赵辉华,张树义.同一山洞中五种蝙蝠的回声定位比较及生态位的分化.生态学报,2002,22(2):150- 155.
[24] 杨天友,侯秀发,冉辉,杨毅.贵州省印江县洞穴型蝙蝠的物种多样性与保护.野生动物学报,2018,39(1):158- 163.
[25] 叶复华,张昌友,张祖福,郭伟健,王晓云,吴毅.江西九连山自然保护区洞穴型蝙蝠的多样性与保护.南方林业科学,2017,45(2):39- 41,52- 52.
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