高邮湖沉水植物分布格局及其与水环境因子的关系
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摘要
2016年对高邮湖沉水植物分布进行了采样调查,并应用冗余分析法对沉水植物分布格局及其与主要环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明,高邮湖现有沉水植物种类分布稀少,其中春夏季菹草(Potamogetoncrispus)是高邮湖沉水植物中绝对优势种,其分布几乎遍及全湖,穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)和篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)仅在个别点位少量分布。不同季节湖泊氮含量均可维持在Ⅲ类水标准,而磷含量严重超标。相关分析发现,沉水植物分布和透明度呈正相关,与总磷、氨氮浓度显著负相关。MonteCarlo检验结果表明,总磷和透明度是影响高邮湖沉水植物分布的主要环境因子。实验结果为进一步探讨高邮湖沉水植物资源的利用和保护提供依据。
Gaoyou Lake is the sixth largest freshwater lake in China,it is located between Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province.It has been located in the eastern part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,playing an important role in the national water allocation strategy.Base on the investigation performed on the distribution of submerged plants in Gaoyou Lake in 2016,this paper analyzed the characteristics of distribution of submerged plants,and presented a relationship between submerged plants and key environmental factors with redundancy analysis.The results showed that there were few submerged plants in Gaoyou Lake.In addition,it was revealed that Potamogeton crispus was a dominant species and prevalent in the whole lake in late spring and summer seasons,which occupied all over the lake.Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton pectinatus were only visible in few sampling points as well.Nitrogen(N) content of Gaoyou Lake maintained at Ⅲ level in different seasons,whereas phosphorus severely exceeded the limit.The correlation analysis revealed that the distribution of submerged plants was positively correlated with water transparency,while negatively correlated with total phosphorus(P) and ammonium.Results of Monte Carlo analysis also showed that both the total phosphorus and water transparency were the main environmental factors playing key roles in the distribution of submerged plants in Lake Gaoyou.These results have provided a strong basis for utilization and protection of submerged plant resources in Gaoyou Lake.
Gaoyou Lake is the sixth largest freshwater lake in China,it is located between Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province.It has been located in the eastern part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,playing an important role in the national water allocation strategy.Base on the investigation performed on the distribution of submerged plants in Gaoyou Lake in 2016,this paper analyzed the characteristics of distribution of submerged plants,and presented a relationship between submerged plants and key environmental factors with redundancy analysis.The results showed that there were few submerged plants in Gaoyou Lake.In addition,it was revealed that Potamogeton crispus was a dominant species and prevalent in the whole lake in late spring and summer seasons,which occupied all over the lake.Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton pectinatus were only visible in few sampling points as well.Nitrogen(N) content of Gaoyou Lake maintained at Ⅲ level in different seasons,whereas phosphorus severely exceeded the limit.The correlation analysis revealed that the distribution of submerged plants was positively correlated with water transparency,while negatively correlated with total phosphorus(P) and ammonium.Results of Monte Carlo analysis also showed that both the total phosphorus and water transparency were the main environmental factors playing key roles in the distribution of submerged plants in Lake Gaoyou.These results have provided a strong basis for utilization and protection of submerged plant resources in Gaoyou Lake.
引文
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[21]Huang Z X,Zhang Y J,Ma H F,et al.A comparative study on removal efficiency of four submerged plants on phosphorus and nitrogen in eutrophic water under different planting density[J].Ecological Science,2011,30(2):102-106[黄子贤,张饮江,马海峰,等.4种沉水植物对富营养化水体氮磷的去除能力.生态科学,2011,30(2):102-106]
[22]Gao J,Xiong Z,Zhang J,et al.Phosphorus removal from water of eutrophic Lake Donghu by five submerged macrophytes[J].Desalination,2009,242(1-3):193-204
[23]Fan H Y,Xu X H,Gao S X.Study on process of nutrition release during the decay of submerged macrophytes[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(1):64-68[潘慧云,徐小花,高士祥.沉水植物衰亡过程中营养盐的释放过程及规律.环境科学研究,2008,21(1):64-68]
[24]Shang S Y,Du J M,Li X Y,et al.Experimental study on improving ecological conditions through harvesting submerged plants in a vegetation rich lake[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2003,(6):95-100[尚士友,杜健民,李旭英,等.草型湖泊沉水植物收割工程对生态改善的试验.农业工程学报,2003,(6):95-100]
[2]Lu Q W,Zhang Y Y.Water quality analysis and assessment of water pollution in Lake Gaoyou[J].Jiangsu Water Resources,2017,(7):23-27[卢庆文,张阳阳.高邮湖水质分析与水污染状况评价.江苏水利,2017,(7):23-27]
[3]Tang C,Fan X.Current condition on water environment and control measure of Gaoyou and Shaobo lakes[J].China Water Resources,2009,(11):48-49[汤超,樊旭.高邮湖、邵伯湖水环境现状及治理对策.水环境治理,2009,(11):48-49]
[4]Wei W Z,Fu L X,Chen R M,et al.Water quality and phytoplankton investigation and trophic status evaluation in Lake Gaoyou[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(1):106-110[魏文志,付立霞,陈日明,等.高邮湖水质与浮游植物调查及营养状况评价.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(1):106-110]
[5]Jeppesen E.The ecology of shallow lakes:trophic interactions in the Pelagial[D].National Environmental Research Institute.NERI,Silkeborg.1998
[6]Yang Q X.Studies on the interaction of submerged plant and phytoplankton in eutrophic waters[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1996,8(Z1):17-24[杨清心.富营养水体中沉水植物与浮游藻类相互竞争的研究.湖泊科学,1996,8(Z1):17-24]
[7]Meijer M L,Boois I D,Scheffer M,et al.Biomanipulation in shallow lakes in The Netherlands:an evaluation of18 case studies[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,408:13-30
[8]Jones C G,Lalvton J H,Shachak M.Organisms as ecosystem engineers[J].Oikos,1994,69:373-386
[9]Kadlec R H,Knight R L,Vymazal J,et al.Constructed Wetlands for Pollution Control[M].USA:IWA Publishing.2002,93-102
[10]Chen G R,Liu Z W,Zhong P,et al.The Situation and relation of mycrophyte,zooplankton and fish in the ecological restoration of a tropical shallow lake in a city[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(1):1-7[陈光荣,刘正文,钟萍,等.热带城市湖泊生态恢复中水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类的关系研究.生态环境学报,2007,16(1):1-7]
[11]Shao J,Li R,Lepo J E,et al.Potential for control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms using biologically derived substances:problems and prospects[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,125:149-155
[12]Wang H,Pang Y,Liu S B,et al.Research progress on influencing of environmental factors on the growth of submersed macrophytes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(8):3958-3968[王华,逄勇,刘申宝,等.沉水植物生长影响因子研究进展.生态学报,2008,28(8):3958-3968]
[13]Chambers P,Kalff J.Light and Nutrients in the Control of Aquatic Plant Community Structure.Ⅰ.In Situ Experiments[J].Journal of Ecology,1987,75(3):611-619
[14]Beklioglu M,Mo ss,B.Existence of a macrophyte-dominated clear water state over a very wide range of nutrient concentrations in a small shallow lake[J].Hydrobiologia,1996,337(1-3):93-106
[15]Mulligan H F,Baranowski A,Johnson R.Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization of aquatic vascular plants and algae in replicated pondsⅠ.Initial response to fertilization[J].Hydrobiologia,1976,48(2):109-116
[16]Cao T,Ni L Y,Xie P.Acute biochemical responses of a submersed macrophyte,Potamogeton crispus L.,to high ammonium in an aquarium experiment[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2004,19(2):279-284
[17]Chen Z X,Li X L,Xu J J.Study on pollution control measures of Lake Gaoyou[J].Pollution Control Technology,2012,25(3):70-73[陈振翔,李小路,徐静婧.高邮湖水环境污染防治对策研究.污染防治技术,2012,25(3):70-73]
[18]Jiang L N,Wu J F,Ren X M.Analysis on water quality and eutrophication in recent years of Lake Gaoyou[J].Pollution Control Technology,2017,(2):23-25[姜磊娜,吴俊锋,任晓鸣.高邮湖近年水质及富营养化分析.污染防治技术,2017,(2):23-25]
[19]Zhao Z,Wang Y B,Wang L L.Study on the trend of water quality and eutrophication in various ecological functional zones in Lake Gaoyou[J].Harnessing the Huaihe River,2016,(1):21-22[赵智,王亚宾,王丽丽.高邮湖各生态功能分区近年水质及富营养化变化趋势研究.治淮,2016,(1):21-22]
[20]Wang X W,Sun Y L,Hu H Y,et al.Conservation and utilization of Lake Gaoyou wetland[J].Wetland Science and Management,2010,6(3):38-41[王学武,孙羊林,胡恒元,等.高邮湖湿地保护与利用.湿地科学与管理,2010,6(3):38-41]
[21]Huang Z X,Zhang Y J,Ma H F,et al.A comparative study on removal efficiency of four submerged plants on phosphorus and nitrogen in eutrophic water under different planting density[J].Ecological Science,2011,30(2):102-106[黄子贤,张饮江,马海峰,等.4种沉水植物对富营养化水体氮磷的去除能力.生态科学,2011,30(2):102-106]
[22]Gao J,Xiong Z,Zhang J,et al.Phosphorus removal from water of eutrophic Lake Donghu by five submerged macrophytes[J].Desalination,2009,242(1-3):193-204
[23]Fan H Y,Xu X H,Gao S X.Study on process of nutrition release during the decay of submerged macrophytes[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(1):64-68[潘慧云,徐小花,高士祥.沉水植物衰亡过程中营养盐的释放过程及规律.环境科学研究,2008,21(1):64-68]
[24]Shang S Y,Du J M,Li X Y,et al.Experimental study on improving ecological conditions through harvesting submerged plants in a vegetation rich lake[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2003,(6):95-100[尚士友,杜健民,李旭英,等.草型湖泊沉水植物收割工程对生态改善的试验.农业工程学报,2003,(6):95-100]