微地震监测技术在页岩气水平井重复压裂中的应用
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摘要
随着美国页岩气的开发成功,页岩气在我国油气资源里占比越来越重。在实际开发过程中,由于分段射孔位置选择不当,或井筒出现套变异常段,或受限于工艺、材料、工具等作业多方的诸多因素影响,部分页岩气水平井改造效果欠佳。为促使这类页岩气水平井重获高产,实现良好的经济效益,行之有效的手段是采取重复压裂工艺。页岩气重复压裂主要面临水平段长、级数多、施工规模大、液体效率低等困难,工艺成功的关键在于精确封堵低压区、低产区,在未改造区域和未完全改造区域开启新的裂缝。微地震监测技术可以准确分析新开启裂缝的扩展区域、缝长、缝宽等参数,进而可以实时优化调整排量、砂量、暂堵材料投送时机、暂堵材料用量等施工参数。在重复压裂中应用微地震监测技术,可有效提高重复压裂的效率,增加整个水平段均匀改造程度,压后产量是重复压裂之前产量的4～5倍,这对页岩气水平井老井高效开发具有重要意义。
Shale gas is becoming a more and more important oil and gas resource in China after its successful development in the United States. In many filed practices,well stimulation results are unsatisfactory because of improper selection of perforation locations,casing deformation,and the limitations of stimulation processes,materials,and tools. Re-fracturing is a promising technology to re-stimulate such shale gas wells for achieving higher production rate and profit. Re-fracturing of shale gas wells usually faces the challenges of long horizontal section,multiple stages,large pump scale,and low fluid efficiency. The key to a successful re-fracturing job is to accurately identify and block the low-pressure,low-production areas and to create new fractures into the initially unstimulated and poorly-stimulated areas. Microseismic monitoring technology can be used to predict fractured area,fracture length,and fracture width using the distribution of event points. Such information is important for adjusting fluid pump rate,sand pump rate,the delivery time and amount of temporary plugging materials in a real time manner. Using microseismic monitoring technology in re-fracturing operations can effectively improve the stimulation efficiency and results of horizontal sections. After re-fracturing,the production of a well can be increased up to 4 ～ 5 times of that before re-fracturing,thus the re-fracturing technology has great significance for the efficient development of relatively old horizontal shale gas wells.
Shale gas is becoming a more and more important oil and gas resource in China after its successful development in the United States. In many filed practices,well stimulation results are unsatisfactory because of improper selection of perforation locations,casing deformation,and the limitations of stimulation processes,materials,and tools. Re-fracturing is a promising technology to re-stimulate such shale gas wells for achieving higher production rate and profit. Re-fracturing of shale gas wells usually faces the challenges of long horizontal section,multiple stages,large pump scale,and low fluid efficiency. The key to a successful re-fracturing job is to accurately identify and block the low-pressure,low-production areas and to create new fractures into the initially unstimulated and poorly-stimulated areas. Microseismic monitoring technology can be used to predict fractured area,fracture length,and fracture width using the distribution of event points. Such information is important for adjusting fluid pump rate,sand pump rate,the delivery time and amount of temporary plugging materials in a real time manner. Using microseismic monitoring technology in re-fracturing operations can effectively improve the stimulation efficiency and results of horizontal sections. After re-fracturing,the production of a well can be increased up to 4 ～ 5 times of that before re-fracturing,thus the re-fracturing technology has great significance for the efficient development of relatively old horizontal shale gas wells.
引文
Chen Yuanlin,Guo Jianchun.2006.Research on re-fracturing technology[J].Petroleum Geology of Western China,2(4):457-460(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Dong Guang,Deng Gingen,Zhu Haiyan,Liu Shujie,Xie Renjun,Li Yang,Zhang Meijing.2012.Analysis of stress field before re-fracturing[J].Fault Block Oil and Gas Field,19(4):485-488(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Duan Yinlu,Li Qian,Yao Weiping.2013.The technique of micro-seismic fracture monitoring of hydraulic fracturing and its application[J].Fault Block Oil and Gas Field,20(5):644-648(in Chinese)．
Hatchell P J,Van Den Beukel A,Molenaar M M,Maron K P,Kenter C J,Stammeijer J G F,Van Den Velde J J,Sayers C M.2003.Whole earth 4D:Monitoring geomechanics Proceedings of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists 73rd Annual Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,4pp．
Hettema M H H,Schutjens P M T M,Verboom B J M,Gussinklo H J.1998.Production-induced compaction of sandstone reservoirs:The strong influence of field stress[J].SPE 50630．
He Qingqin,Yang Yongquan,He Shiming,Liu Yongcun,Mi Qing,Zhong Yushi,Guo Hong.2009.Simulation study on repeated induction stress field in low permeabilityoil and gas fields[J].Natural Gas Technology,4(1):30-32(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Jia Lichun,Chen Mian,Jin Yan.2012.Progress of hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring in shale gas Wells abroad[J].Gas and Oil,30(1):44-47(in Chinese)．
Jiang Tingxue.1999.Analysis of factors influencing the effect of repeated fracturing[J].Low Permeability Oil and Gas Field,3(3):64-66(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Li Hongmei.2015.Application of microseismic monitoring technology in the comprehensive evaluation of fracturing effects in unconventional gas reservoirs[J].Oil and Gas Geology and Recovery,22(3):129-134(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Kate B,Gerry C.2003.Enventure global technology“solid expandable tubular technology in mature basins”[J].SPE Eastern Regional/AAPG Joint Meeting．
Li Jianzhao,Yang Zhaozhong,Li Yutao,Li Xiaogang,Zheng Jianghong,Su Zhou.2015.Study on the expansion trajectory of fracturing fractures[J].Petrochemical Applications,34(8):26-31(in Chinese)．
Li Xue,Zhao Zhihong,Rong Junwei.2012.Microseismic monitoring and testing technology and application of hydraulic fracturing[J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,21(3):43-45(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Li Zuohui.2004.Research and first application of key technologies of expansion pipe[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,26(3):17-18(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Liang Bing,Zhu Guangsheng.2005.Micro-seismic monitoring method in oil and gas exploration and development[J].Beijing:Beijing Petroleum dndustry Press:15-28(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Liu Hong,Zhao Jinzhou,Hu Yongquan,Liu Wei,Hu Guoheng,Li Shanfeng.2004.Research on new fracture mechanism of re-fracturing gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,24(12):102-104(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Liu Jun,Zheng Chenglong,Wu Xinhua,Guan Xian,Yang Zhichao,Yang Feng.2017.Suppression of seismic random noise based on the improved wavelet threshold method using chaotic fruit fly optimization[J].Geology and Exploration,53(4):765-772(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Ma Fengkai,Xiao Hongtian.2017.Mechanical characteristics of confined water fractures in water-conducting fracture zone of floor[J].Geology and Exploration,53(5):1010-1016(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Mark Riwenbark,Karl De Mong,Khaled Abouelnaaj.2005.Real world examples of solid expandable casing applications[C].AADE-05-NTCE-17．
Qiu Jian,Duan Shufa.2013.Application of microseismic monitoring technology in fracturing of Yang 201-h2 well[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,36(4):49-53(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Sayers C M.2002.Stress-dependent elastic anisotropy of sandstones[J].Geophysical Prospecting,50(1):85-95．
Su Liangyin,Pang Peng,Da Yinpeng,Li Xiangping,LüBaoqiang,Li Zhuanhong.2014.Usage optimization and field test of blocking agent for temporal-blocked re-fracturing in low permeability oilfield[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,21(1):114-117(in Chinese)．
Tom Lantz D.2008.Refracture treatments proving successful in horizontal Bakken wells[R].SPE Production&Operations,23(3):373-378．
Wang Zhizhong,Deng Jingen,Zhao Zhenfeng,Mu Lijun,Liu Jianan,Tian Hong.2006.Fracture monitoring design and fracturing effect evaluation of underground micro-earthquake[J].Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development,25(6):76-78(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Wu Youliang.2007.Research on three-dimensional micro-seismic monitoring technology in complex tectonic areas and its application in engineering[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology:1-56(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Yang Chuanyong.2006.Development and application of expandable casing technology in foreign countries[J].Petroleum Machinery,34(10):74-77(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Yang Zhihao,Li Zhiping.2017.A new method of water-controlled fracturing in bottom water reservoir based on BP neural network[J].Geology and Exploration,53(4):818-824(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Yu Rangang,Yan Xiangzhen.2007.Experimental study and finite element analysis of artificial stress occlusion by steering agent[J].Experimental Mechanics,22(2):166-170(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Zhang Feng,Chen Xiaoming,Hong Jiangling,Wang Xiaolei,Zhang Hongjie,Wu Yanxian,Chen Wei.2019.Study on optimization of backflow system after low permeability reservoirs in Xinjiang[J].Geology and Exploration,55(2):622-629(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Zhang Shan,Liu Qinglin,Zhao Qun,Jiang Yudong.2002.Application of micro-seismic monitoring technology in oilfield development[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,41(2):226-231(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Zhang Shicheng,Tang Ruzhong.1995.Research and application of repeated fracturing technology[J].World Petroleum Industry,29(2-3):56-60(in Chinese with English abstract)．
陈远林，郭建春．2006．重复压裂技术研究[J]．中国西部油气地质，2(4):457-460．
董光，邓金根，朱海燕，刘书杰，谢仁军，李杨，张梅静．2012．重复压裂前地应力场分析[J]．断块油气田，19(7):39-46．
段银鹿，李倩，姚韦萍．2013．水力压裂微地震裂缝监测技术及其应用[J]．断块油气田，20(5):644-648．
何青琴，杨永全，何世明，刘永存，米庆，钟雨诗，郭宏．2010．低渗透油气田重复诱导应力场模拟研究[J]．天然气技术，4(1):30-32．
贾丽春，陈勉，金衍．2012．国外页岩气井水力压裂裂缝监测技术进展[J]．天然气与石油，30(1):44-47．
蒋廷学．1999．影响重复压裂效果的因素分析[J]．低渗透油气田，3(6):64-66．
李红梅．2015．微地震监测技术在非常规油气藏压裂效果综合评估的应用[J]．油气地质与采收率，22(3):129-134．
李建召，杨兆中，李玉涛．2015．暂堵转向压裂裂缝扩展轨迹研究[J]．石油化工应用，34(8):26-31．
李雪，赵志红，荣军委．2012．水力压裂裂缝微地震监测测试技术与应用[J]．油气井测试，21(3):43-45．
李作会．2004．膨胀管关键技术研究及首次应用[J]．石油钻采工艺，26(3):17-18．
梁冰，朱广生．2005．油气田勘探开发中的微地震监测方法[J]．北京:石油工业出版社:15-28．
刘洪，赵金洲，胡永全，刘威，胡国恒，李山凤．2004．重复压裂气井造新缝机理研究[J]．天然气工业，24(12):102-104．
刘军，郑成龙，吴新华，管弦，杨志超，杨凤．2017．基于改进混沌果蝇优化小波阈值法地震信号随机噪声压制[J]．地质与勘探，53(4):765-772．
马锋凯，肖洪天．2017．底板导水裂隙带中含承压水裂隙的力学特性[J]．地质与勘探，53(5):1010-1016．
邱健，段树法．2013．微地震监测技术在阳201-H2井压裂中的应用[J]．天然气勘探与开发，36(4):49-53．
苏良银，庞鹏，达引朋，李向平，吕宝强，李转红．2014．低渗透油田暂堵重复压裂堵剂用量优化与现场试验[J]．断块油气田，21(1):114-117．
王治中，邓金根，赵振峰，穆立俊，刘建安，田红．2006．井下微地震裂缝监测设计及压裂效果评价[J]．大庆石油地质与开发，25(6):76-78．
吴有亮．2007．复杂构造地区三维微地震监测技术研究及其在工程中应用[D]．成都:成都理工大学:1-47．
杨传勇．2006．国外可膨胀套管技术的发展与应用[J]．石油机械，34(10):74-77．
杨志浩，李治平．2017．基于BP神经网络的底水油藏控水压裂选段新方法[J]．地质与勘探，53(4):818-824．
俞然刚，闫相祯．2007．转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的实验研究及有限元分析[J]．实验力学，22(2):166-170．
张锋，陈晓明，洪将领，王晓磊，张洪杰，吴彦先，陈伟．2019．新疆低渗透储层压后返排制度优化研究[J]．地质与勘探，55(2):622-629．
张山，刘清林，赵群，姜宇东．2002．微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用[J]．石油物探，41(2):226-231．
张士诚，唐汝众．1995．重复压裂技术的研究与应用[J]．世界石油工业，29(2-3):56-60.
Dong Guang,Deng Gingen,Zhu Haiyan,Liu Shujie,Xie Renjun,Li Yang,Zhang Meijing.2012.Analysis of stress field before re-fracturing[J].Fault Block Oil and Gas Field,19(4):485-488(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Duan Yinlu,Li Qian,Yao Weiping.2013.The technique of micro-seismic fracture monitoring of hydraulic fracturing and its application[J].Fault Block Oil and Gas Field,20(5):644-648(in Chinese)．
Hatchell P J,Van Den Beukel A,Molenaar M M,Maron K P,Kenter C J,Stammeijer J G F,Van Den Velde J J,Sayers C M.2003.Whole earth 4D:Monitoring geomechanics Proceedings of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists 73rd Annual Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,4pp．
Hettema M H H,Schutjens P M T M,Verboom B J M,Gussinklo H J.1998.Production-induced compaction of sandstone reservoirs:The strong influence of field stress[J].SPE 50630．
He Qingqin,Yang Yongquan,He Shiming,Liu Yongcun,Mi Qing,Zhong Yushi,Guo Hong.2009.Simulation study on repeated induction stress field in low permeabilityoil and gas fields[J].Natural Gas Technology,4(1):30-32(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Jia Lichun,Chen Mian,Jin Yan.2012.Progress of hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring in shale gas Wells abroad[J].Gas and Oil,30(1):44-47(in Chinese)．
Jiang Tingxue.1999.Analysis of factors influencing the effect of repeated fracturing[J].Low Permeability Oil and Gas Field,3(3):64-66(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Li Hongmei.2015.Application of microseismic monitoring technology in the comprehensive evaluation of fracturing effects in unconventional gas reservoirs[J].Oil and Gas Geology and Recovery,22(3):129-134(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Kate B,Gerry C.2003.Enventure global technology“solid expandable tubular technology in mature basins”[J].SPE Eastern Regional/AAPG Joint Meeting．
Li Jianzhao,Yang Zhaozhong,Li Yutao,Li Xiaogang,Zheng Jianghong,Su Zhou.2015.Study on the expansion trajectory of fracturing fractures[J].Petrochemical Applications,34(8):26-31(in Chinese)．
Li Xue,Zhao Zhihong,Rong Junwei.2012.Microseismic monitoring and testing technology and application of hydraulic fracturing[J].Oil and Gas Well Testing,21(3):43-45(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Li Zuohui.2004.Research and first application of key technologies of expansion pipe[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,26(3):17-18(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Liang Bing,Zhu Guangsheng.2005.Micro-seismic monitoring method in oil and gas exploration and development[J].Beijing:Beijing Petroleum dndustry Press:15-28(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Liu Hong,Zhao Jinzhou,Hu Yongquan,Liu Wei,Hu Guoheng,Li Shanfeng.2004.Research on new fracture mechanism of re-fracturing gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,24(12):102-104(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Liu Jun,Zheng Chenglong,Wu Xinhua,Guan Xian,Yang Zhichao,Yang Feng.2017.Suppression of seismic random noise based on the improved wavelet threshold method using chaotic fruit fly optimization[J].Geology and Exploration,53(4):765-772(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Ma Fengkai,Xiao Hongtian.2017.Mechanical characteristics of confined water fractures in water-conducting fracture zone of floor[J].Geology and Exploration,53(5):1010-1016(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Mark Riwenbark,Karl De Mong,Khaled Abouelnaaj.2005.Real world examples of solid expandable casing applications[C].AADE-05-NTCE-17．
Qiu Jian,Duan Shufa.2013.Application of microseismic monitoring technology in fracturing of Yang 201-h2 well[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,36(4):49-53(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Sayers C M.2002.Stress-dependent elastic anisotropy of sandstones[J].Geophysical Prospecting,50(1):85-95．
Su Liangyin,Pang Peng,Da Yinpeng,Li Xiangping,LüBaoqiang,Li Zhuanhong.2014.Usage optimization and field test of blocking agent for temporal-blocked re-fracturing in low permeability oilfield[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,21(1):114-117(in Chinese)．
Tom Lantz D.2008.Refracture treatments proving successful in horizontal Bakken wells[R].SPE Production&Operations,23(3):373-378．
Wang Zhizhong,Deng Jingen,Zhao Zhenfeng,Mu Lijun,Liu Jianan,Tian Hong.2006.Fracture monitoring design and fracturing effect evaluation of underground micro-earthquake[J].Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development,25(6):76-78(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Wu Youliang.2007.Research on three-dimensional micro-seismic monitoring technology in complex tectonic areas and its application in engineering[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology:1-56(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Yang Chuanyong.2006.Development and application of expandable casing technology in foreign countries[J].Petroleum Machinery,34(10):74-77(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Yang Zhihao,Li Zhiping.2017.A new method of water-controlled fracturing in bottom water reservoir based on BP neural network[J].Geology and Exploration,53(4):818-824(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Yu Rangang,Yan Xiangzhen.2007.Experimental study and finite element analysis of artificial stress occlusion by steering agent[J].Experimental Mechanics,22(2):166-170(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Zhang Feng,Chen Xiaoming,Hong Jiangling,Wang Xiaolei,Zhang Hongjie,Wu Yanxian,Chen Wei.2019.Study on optimization of backflow system after low permeability reservoirs in Xinjiang[J].Geology and Exploration,55(2):622-629(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Zhang Shan,Liu Qinglin,Zhao Qun,Jiang Yudong.2002.Application of micro-seismic monitoring technology in oilfield development[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,41(2):226-231(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Zhang Shicheng,Tang Ruzhong.1995.Research and application of repeated fracturing technology[J].World Petroleum Industry,29(2-3):56-60(in Chinese with English abstract)．
陈远林，郭建春．2006．重复压裂技术研究[J]．中国西部油气地质，2(4):457-460．
董光，邓金根，朱海燕，刘书杰，谢仁军，李杨，张梅静．2012．重复压裂前地应力场分析[J]．断块油气田，19(7):39-46．
段银鹿，李倩，姚韦萍．2013．水力压裂微地震裂缝监测技术及其应用[J]．断块油气田，20(5):644-648．
何青琴，杨永全，何世明，刘永存，米庆，钟雨诗，郭宏．2010．低渗透油气田重复诱导应力场模拟研究[J]．天然气技术，4(1):30-32．
贾丽春，陈勉，金衍．2012．国外页岩气井水力压裂裂缝监测技术进展[J]．天然气与石油，30(1):44-47．
蒋廷学．1999．影响重复压裂效果的因素分析[J]．低渗透油气田，3(6):64-66．
李红梅．2015．微地震监测技术在非常规油气藏压裂效果综合评估的应用[J]．油气地质与采收率，22(3):129-134．
李建召，杨兆中，李玉涛．2015．暂堵转向压裂裂缝扩展轨迹研究[J]．石油化工应用，34(8):26-31．
李雪，赵志红，荣军委．2012．水力压裂裂缝微地震监测测试技术与应用[J]．油气井测试，21(3):43-45．
李作会．2004．膨胀管关键技术研究及首次应用[J]．石油钻采工艺，26(3):17-18．
梁冰，朱广生．2005．油气田勘探开发中的微地震监测方法[J]．北京:石油工业出版社:15-28．
刘洪，赵金洲，胡永全，刘威，胡国恒，李山凤．2004．重复压裂气井造新缝机理研究[J]．天然气工业，24(12):102-104．
刘军，郑成龙，吴新华，管弦，杨志超，杨凤．2017．基于改进混沌果蝇优化小波阈值法地震信号随机噪声压制[J]．地质与勘探，53(4):765-772．
马锋凯，肖洪天．2017．底板导水裂隙带中含承压水裂隙的力学特性[J]．地质与勘探，53(5):1010-1016．
邱健，段树法．2013．微地震监测技术在阳201-H2井压裂中的应用[J]．天然气勘探与开发，36(4):49-53．
苏良银，庞鹏，达引朋，李向平，吕宝强，李转红．2014．低渗透油田暂堵重复压裂堵剂用量优化与现场试验[J]．断块油气田，21(1):114-117．
王治中，邓金根，赵振峰，穆立俊，刘建安，田红．2006．井下微地震裂缝监测设计及压裂效果评价[J]．大庆石油地质与开发，25(6):76-78．
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