Holocene aeolian stratigraphic sequences in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China and their palaeoenvironmental implications
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摘要
This paper presents the environmental history and its responses to palaeoclimatic changes since the start of the Holocene in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China by comparing the aeolian sandpalaeosol sequences and their palaeoclimatic proxies. The optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) ages of the aeolian sandpalaeosol sedimentary sequences and a series of palaeoenvironmental proxies show that:(1) The large-scale dune landscape currently in the Kubuqi Sand Sea was formed during the Holocene in general; and the palaeosol was generally developed during the period of 4–2 ka, indicating conditions favorable for vegetation growth, soil development, and organic carbon accumulation due to increased precipitation or effective moisture and weakened aeolian activities; the large-scale expansion of dunes in the recent 2 ka is closely linked to human activities. The variable discharge of the Yellow River with diversions for irrigation may have resulted in a more consistent supply of aeolian particles for dune field expansion.(2) The dune landscape of the Hunshandake Sandy Land was likely formed around 12 ka, and before this, the western part of the Hunshandake Sandy Land would have been covered by a single large lake; it was obviously wetter than today in the sandy land during the period of 9.6–3 ka and the palaeosols were developed at the same time. But the aeolian activities have not been completely dormant in this long-lasting wetter epoch; because the Holocene wetter period was likely time-transgressive across the region.(3) The palaeosol of the Hulunbuir Sandy Land began to develop as early as 14.5 ka, probably continuing until the last 2 ka. The palaeosol development of various dune fields in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China is spatially heterogeneous, and even the palaeosol development time in different locations within each sandy land is inconsistent. During the middle Holocene(especially the 7.5–3.5 ka), all the sandy lands were stabilized in general and the intensity of aeolian activities was significantly weakened. The number of palaeoenvironmental records in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China has increased rapidly in the past decade, but the amount of published data still does not match the vast extent of the dune fields. It does require much more in-depth palaeoenvironmental studies for a full understanding of the relationship between aeolian activities and climate change in northern China.
This paper presents the environmental history and its responses to palaeoclimatic changes since the start of the Holocene in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China by comparing the aeolian sandpalaeosol sequences and their palaeoclimatic proxies. The optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) ages of the aeolian sandpalaeosol sedimentary sequences and a series of palaeoenvironmental proxies show that:(1) The large-scale dune landscape currently in the Kubuqi Sand Sea was formed during the Holocene in general; and the palaeosol was generally developed during the period of 4–2 ka, indicating conditions favorable for vegetation growth, soil development, and organic carbon accumulation due to increased precipitation or effective moisture and weakened aeolian activities; the large-scale expansion of dunes in the recent 2 ka is closely linked to human activities. The variable discharge of the Yellow River with diversions for irrigation may have resulted in a more consistent supply of aeolian particles for dune field expansion.(2) The dune landscape of the Hunshandake Sandy Land was likely formed around 12 ka, and before this, the western part of the Hunshandake Sandy Land would have been covered by a single large lake; it was obviously wetter than today in the sandy land during the period of 9.6–3 ka and the palaeosols were developed at the same time. But the aeolian activities have not been completely dormant in this long-lasting wetter epoch; because the Holocene wetter period was likely time-transgressive across the region.(3) The palaeosol of the Hulunbuir Sandy Land began to develop as early as 14.5 ka, probably continuing until the last 2 ka. The palaeosol development of various dune fields in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China is spatially heterogeneous, and even the palaeosol development time in different locations within each sandy land is inconsistent. During the middle Holocene(especially the 7.5–3.5 ka), all the sandy lands were stabilized in general and the intensity of aeolian activities was significantly weakened. The number of palaeoenvironmental records in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China has increased rapidly in the past decade, but the amount of published data still does not match the vast extent of the dune fields. It does require much more in-depth palaeoenvironmental studies for a full understanding of the relationship between aeolian activities and climate change in northern China.
This paper presents the environmental history and its responses to palaeoclimatic changes since the start of the Holocene in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China by comparing the aeolian sandpalaeosol sequences and their palaeoclimatic proxies. The optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) ages of the aeolian sandpalaeosol sedimentary sequences and a series of palaeoenvironmental proxies show that:(1) The large-scale dune landscape currently in the Kubuqi Sand Sea was formed during the Holocene in general; and the palaeosol was generally developed during the period of 4–2 ka, indicating conditions favorable for vegetation growth, soil development, and organic carbon accumulation due to increased precipitation or effective moisture and weakened aeolian activities; the large-scale expansion of dunes in the recent 2 ka is closely linked to human activities. The variable discharge of the Yellow River with diversions for irrigation may have resulted in a more consistent supply of aeolian particles for dune field expansion.(2) The dune landscape of the Hunshandake Sandy Land was likely formed around 12 ka, and before this, the western part of the Hunshandake Sandy Land would have been covered by a single large lake; it was obviously wetter than today in the sandy land during the period of 9.6–3 ka and the palaeosols were developed at the same time. But the aeolian activities have not been completely dormant in this long-lasting wetter epoch; because the Holocene wetter period was likely time-transgressive across the region.(3) The palaeosol of the Hulunbuir Sandy Land began to develop as early as 14.5 ka, probably continuing until the last 2 ka. The palaeosol development of various dune fields in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China is spatially heterogeneous, and even the palaeosol development time in different locations within each sandy land is inconsistent. During the middle Holocene(especially the 7.5–3.5 ka), all the sandy lands were stabilized in general and the intensity of aeolian activities was significantly weakened. The number of palaeoenvironmental records in the eastern portion of the desert belt(sand seas and sandy lands) in northern China has increased rapidly in the past decade, but the amount of published data still does not match the vast extent of the dune fields. It does require much more in-depth palaeoenvironmental studies for a full understanding of the relationship between aeolian activities and climate change in northern China.
引文
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Evans R D,Koyama A,Sonderegger D L,Charlet T N,Newingham B A,Fenstermaker L F,Harlow B,Jin V L,Ogle K,Smith S D,Nowak R S.2014.Greater ecosystem carbon in the Mojave Desert after ten years exposure to elevated CO2.Nat Clim Change,4:394-397
Fan Y X,Chen X L,Fan T L,Jin M,Liu J B,Chen F H.2013.Sedimentary and OSL dating evidence for the development of the present Hobq desert landscape,northern China.Sci China Earth Sci,56:2037-2044
Fick S E,Hijmans R J.2017.WorldClim 2:New 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas.Int J Climatol,37:4302-4315
Folk R L,Ward W C.1957.Brazos River bar:A study in the significance of grain size parameters.J Sediment Res,27:3-26
Forman S L,Sagintayev Z,Sultan M,Smith S,Becker R,Kendall M,Marìn L.2008.The twentieth-century migration of parabolic dunes and wetland formation at Cape Cod National Sea Shore,Massachusetts,USA:Landscape response to a legacy of environmental disturbance.Holocene,18:765-774
Fryberger S,Dean G.1979.Dune forms and wind regime.In:McKee E,ed.A Study of Global Sand Seas,Washington:United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1052.137-169
Gong Z,Li S H,Sun J,Xue L.2013.Environmental changes in Hunshandake(Otindag)sandy land revealed by optical dating and multiproxy study of dune sands.J Asian Earth Sci,76:30-36
Goudie A.2002.Great Warm Deserts of the World:Landscapes and Evolution.New York:Oxford University Press
Guérin G,Mercier N,Adamiec G.2011.Dose-rate conversion factors:Update.Ancient TL,29:5-8
Guo L,Xiong S,Yang P,Ye W,Jin G,Wu W,Zhao H.2018.Holocene environmental changes in the Horqin desert revealed by OSL dating andδ13C analyses of palaeosols.Quat Int,469:11-19
Guo Z,Ren X,Lv H,Gao X,Liu W,Wu H,Zhang C,Zhang J.2016.Effect of palaeoclimate changes and human adaptation-Progress on“Impact and Adaptation”group of CAS strategic priority research program“climate change:Carbon budget and relevant issues”(in Chinese with English abstract).Bull Chin Acad Sci,31:142-151
Halfen A F,Lancaster N,Wolfe S.2016.Interpretations and common challenges of aeolian records from North American dune fields.Quat Int,410:75-95
Heller F,Liu X,Liu T,Xu T.1991.Magnetic susceptibility of loess in China.Earth Planet Sci Lett,103:301-310
Hesse P P.2016.How do longitudinal dunes respond to climate forcing?Insights from 25 years of luminescence dating of the Australian desert dunefields.Quat Int,410:11-29
Huang J,Yu H,Guan X,Wang G,Guo R.2016.Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change.Nat Clim Change,6:166-171
IPCC.2013.Climate Change 2013-The Physical Science Basis:Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press
Kocurek G.1998.Aeolian system response to external forcing factors-Asequence stratigraphic view of the Saharan region.In:Alsharan S,Glennie W,Whittle L,Kendall C,eds.Quaternary Deserts and Climatic Change.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema.327-337
Lancaster N,Yang X,Thomas D.2013.Spatial and temporal complexity in Quaternary desert datasets:Implications for interpreting past dryland dynamics and understanding potential future changes.Quat Sci Rev,78:301-302
Lancaster N,Wolfe S,Thomas D,Bristow C,Bubenzer O,Burrough S,Duller G,Halfen A,Hesse P,Roskin J,Singhvi A,Tsoar H,Tripaldi A,Yang X,Zárate M.2016.The INQUA Dunes Atlas chronologic database.Quat Int,410:3-10
Li S H,Sun J M,Zhao H.2002.Optical dating of dune sands in the northeastern deserts of China.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,181:419-429
Li S H,Sun J.2006.Optical dating of Holocene dune sands from the Hulun Buir Desert,northeastern China.Holocene,16:457-462
Li H,Yang X.2014.Temperate dryland vegetation changes under a warming climate and strong human intervention-With a particular reference to the district Xilin Gol,Inner Mongolia,China.Catena,119:9-20
Li H,Yang X.2016.Spatial and temporal patterns of aeolian activities in the desert belt of northern China revealed by dune chronologies.Quat Int,410:58-68
Li X,Dong G.1998.Preliminary studies on the age and formation of the Hunshandake Sandy Land(in Chinese with English abstract).J Desert Res,18:16-21
Li Y,Wang Y G,Houghton R A,Tang L S.2015.Hidden carbon sink beneath desert.Geophys Res Lett,42:5880-5887
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