红松当年生枝条的性状特征与结实的相关性
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摘要
以红松生殖枝和营养枝为研究对象,分析两种枝型当年生枝的性状特征与结实的相关性,为红松坚果林增产经营措施的制定提供理论依据。结果表明:生殖枝的枝长(29.4 cm)和枝基径(D)(16.73 mm)显著高于营养枝的枝长(23.2 cm)和枝基径(D)(9.48 mm)(P<0.001);当年生长性状特征变异较大,其中球果数的变异系数最大,枝基径的变异系数最小;通径分析显示,生殖枝的枝基径对球果产量影响最大,直接效应为0.707,回归分析显示,生殖枝的枝基径与球果数呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.001),枝长与球果数呈不显著的负相关关系(P>0.05);枝基径16 mm≤D<19 mm的生殖枝占的比例最高(40.0%),球果数也最高(84个),营养枝的枝基径主要集中在7 mm≤D<10 mm,占所有枝的52.30%。
With reproductive branch and vegetative branch of Pinus koraiensis, we studied the relationships between cones bearing and traits of current-year branch of the two branches for formulating management measures in increasing yield of P. koraiensis nut forest. The branch length(29.4 cm) and branch base diameter(D)(16.73 mm) of reproductive branch were significantly higher than the branch length(23.2 cm) and branch base diameter(D)(9.48 mm) of vegetative branch(P<0.001), respectively. The current-year growth traits had great variation, and the variation coefficient of cone number was the largest, and the variation coefficient of branch base diameter was the smallest. By path analysis, the basal diameter of reproductive branch had the greatest influence on cone yield with the direct effect of 0.707. By regression analysis, the branch base diameter of reproductive branch was positively correlated with cone number(P<0.001), and the branch length was negatively correlated with cone number, but not significant difference(P>0.05). The proportion of reproductive branch with branch base diameter in the range of 16 mm≤D<19 mm was the highest(40.0%), and the cone number was also the highest(84 cones). The basal diameter of vegetative branches was mainly concentrated on 7 mm≤D<10 mm, accounting for 52.3% of all branches.
With reproductive branch and vegetative branch of Pinus koraiensis, we studied the relationships between cones bearing and traits of current-year branch of the two branches for formulating management measures in increasing yield of P. koraiensis nut forest. The branch length(29.4 cm) and branch base diameter(D)(16.73 mm) of reproductive branch were significantly higher than the branch length(23.2 cm) and branch base diameter(D)(9.48 mm) of vegetative branch(P<0.001), respectively. The current-year growth traits had great variation, and the variation coefficient of cone number was the largest, and the variation coefficient of branch base diameter was the smallest. By path analysis, the basal diameter of reproductive branch had the greatest influence on cone yield with the direct effect of 0.707. By regression analysis, the branch base diameter of reproductive branch was positively correlated with cone number(P<0.001), and the branch length was negatively correlated with cone number, but not significant difference(P>0.05). The proportion of reproductive branch with branch base diameter in the range of 16 mm≤D<19 mm was the highest(40.0%), and the cone number was also the highest(84 cones). The basal diameter of vegetative branches was mainly concentrated on 7 mm≤D<10 mm, accounting for 52.3% of all branches.
引文
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[15] 陈华,李建国,张宗师,等.结果母枝粗度及其负载量对龙眼果实生长发育的影响[J].中国南方果树,2002,31(5):36-37.
[16] ALLA A Q,CAMARERO J J,GABRIEL M M.Acorn production is linked to secondary growth but not to declining carbohydrate concentrations in current-year shoots of two oak species[J].Trees,2012,26(3):841-850.
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[18] 钟秋珍,黄新忠,黄雄峰,等.台湾脆桃不同类型果枝对产量、果实品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2007,13(3):15-17.
[19] 王文举,王振平.日光温室葡萄结果母枝粗度、芽位与新梢孕穗率的关系[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,40(4):28-30.
[20] HOCH G.Fruit-bearing branchlets are carbon autonomous in mature broad-leaved temperate forest trees[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2005,28(5):651-659.
[21] HAN Q,KABEYA D.Recent developments in understanding mast seeding in relation to dynamics of carbon and nitrogen resources in temperate trees[J].Ecological Research,2017,32(8):771-778.
[22] KARLSSON P S,OLSSON L,HELLSTROM K.Trade-offs among different longshoot functions:variation among mountain birch individuals[J].Journal of Ecology,1996,84(6):915-921.
[23] MARTIN D,VAZQUEZ-PIQUE J,CAREVIC F S,et al.Trade-off between stem growth and acorn production in holm oak[J].Trees,2015,29(3):825-834.
[24] NIKLAS K J,SPATZ H C.Growth and hydraulic (not mechanical) constraints govern the scaling of tree height and mass[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2004,101(44):15661-15663.
[25] TAPPEINER II J.Effect of cone production on branch,needle,and xylem ring growth of Sierra nevada Douglas-fir[J].Forest Science,1969,15(2):171-174.
[26] GROSS H L.Crown deterioration and reduced growth associated with excessive seed production by birch[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1972,50(12):2431-2437.
[2] 谭学仁,胡万良,王忠利,等.红松人工林大径材培育及种材兼用效果分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2000,28(3):75-77.
[3] 张鹏,刘畅,沈海龙.世界食用松资源及其开发利用现状[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):12-17.
[4] 隋立龙,王芳,赵泉湖,等.不同林分红松生长与结实性状比较研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(6):886-893.
[5] 孙文生,陈晓阳,高琼,等.施肥对红松无性系种子园母树结实效应研究[J].吉林林业科技,2005,34(2):10-14.
[6] 陶祥云,张鹏,姜立佳,等.国内红松结实最新研究进展[J].特种经济动植物,2017,20(4):33-35.
[7] 吴江.红松人工林结实规律及影响结实量因素分析[J].辽宁林业科技,2015,18(6):66-67.
[8] 于辉,张玉林,张同峰,等.对红松开花结实规律的探讨[J].林业勘查设计,2011,40(3):88-89.
[9] 杨冬梅.贡嘎山植物小枝功能性状在不同生活型和不同海拔间的比较研究[D].成都:中国科学院成都生物研究所,2009.
[10] 郭庆学,柴捷,钱凤,等.不同木本植物功能型当年生小枝功能性状差异[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1465-1470.
[11] CHEN H,NIKLAS K J,YANG D M,et al.The effect of twig architecture and seed number on seed size variation in subtropical woody species[J].New Phytologist,2009,183(4):1212-1221.
[12] 沈海龙,丛健,张鹏,等.开敞度调控对次生林林冠下红松径高生长量和地上生物量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2781-2791.
[13] ISHIHARA M I,KIKUZAWA K.Annual and spatial variation in shoot demography associated with masting in Betula grossa:comparison between mature trees and saplings[J].Annals of Botany,2009,104(7):1195-1205.
[14] LESLIE A B.Branching habit and the allocation of reproductive resources in conifers[J].Annals of Botany,2012,110(4):915-921.
[15] 陈华,李建国,张宗师,等.结果母枝粗度及其负载量对龙眼果实生长发育的影响[J].中国南方果树,2002,31(5):36-37.
[16] ALLA A Q,CAMARERO J J,GABRIEL M M.Acorn production is linked to secondary growth but not to declining carbohydrate concentrations in current-year shoots of two oak species[J].Trees,2012,26(3):841-850.
[17] NE’EMAN G,GOUBITZ S,WERGER M J A.Relationships between tree size,crown shape,gender segregation and sex allocation in Pinus halepensis,a Mediterranean pine tree[J].Annals of Botany,2011,108(1):197-206.
[18] 钟秋珍,黄新忠,黄雄峰,等.台湾脆桃不同类型果枝对产量、果实品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2007,13(3):15-17.
[19] 王文举,王振平.日光温室葡萄结果母枝粗度、芽位与新梢孕穗率的关系[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,40(4):28-30.
[20] HOCH G.Fruit-bearing branchlets are carbon autonomous in mature broad-leaved temperate forest trees[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2005,28(5):651-659.
[21] HAN Q,KABEYA D.Recent developments in understanding mast seeding in relation to dynamics of carbon and nitrogen resources in temperate trees[J].Ecological Research,2017,32(8):771-778.
[22] KARLSSON P S,OLSSON L,HELLSTROM K.Trade-offs among different longshoot functions:variation among mountain birch individuals[J].Journal of Ecology,1996,84(6):915-921.
[23] MARTIN D,VAZQUEZ-PIQUE J,CAREVIC F S,et al.Trade-off between stem growth and acorn production in holm oak[J].Trees,2015,29(3):825-834.
[24] NIKLAS K J,SPATZ H C.Growth and hydraulic (not mechanical) constraints govern the scaling of tree height and mass[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2004,101(44):15661-15663.
[25] TAPPEINER II J.Effect of cone production on branch,needle,and xylem ring growth of Sierra nevada Douglas-fir[J].Forest Science,1969,15(2):171-174.
[26] GROSS H L.Crown deterioration and reduced growth associated with excessive seed production by birch[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1972,50(12):2431-2437.