甘肃省3种裂腹鱼遗传多样性与地理种群分化
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摘要
于甘肃省境内长江水系、黄河水系和内陆河水系共8个采样点,采集3种裂腹鱼亚科鱼类——黄河裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis pylzovi)、祁连裸鲤(Gymnocypris chilianensis)和嘉陵裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis kialingensis)样本294尾,以线粒体Cyt b基因为分子标记,对3种裂腹鱼的系统发育关系进行分析,并对其不同地理种群的遗传多样性现状与遗传分化情况进行研究。基于NJ和BI法构建的单倍型分子系统发育树结果发现,黄河裸裂尻鱼构成单系,且具有较高支持率;而嘉陵裸裂尻鱼位于祁连裸鲤的分支内部。遗传多样性分析结果显示,70尾黄河裸裂尻鱼的Cyt b基因共检测出23个单倍型,单倍型多样性及核苷酸多样性分别为0.917和0.003 10;132尾祁连裸鲤的Cyt b基因共检测出28个单倍型,单倍型多样性及核苷酸多样性分别为0.819和0.009 82;92尾嘉陵裸裂尻鱼的Cyt b基因共检测出13个单倍型,单倍型多样性及核苷酸多样性分别为0.706和0.002 33。种群遗传分化研究结果表明,这3种裂腹鱼同一物种的不同地理种群间均存在显著的遗传分化,该结果揭示了地理隔离对3种裂腹鱼有显著的阻隔影响,对整体的分化适应有重要作用,因此在资源保护管理中应当作为不同的单元分别加以对待。
In the present study,294 Schizothoracinae specimens of Schizopygopsis pylzovi, Gymnocypris chilianensis and Schizopygopsis kialingensis,were collected from 8 sampling sites from the Yangtze River,the Yellow River and inland rivers in Gansu Province.Mitochondrial DNA Cyt b gene was used as molecular marker to perform the phylogenetic analyses,genetic diversity and population differentiation analysis of the 3 Schizothoracinae fishes.Phylogenetic analyses of all haplotypes based on NJ and BI methods revealed that S. pylzovi was clustered as a monophyletic group.However, S. kialingensis was clustered into a clad with G. chilianensis,suggesting that the two species are under early stage of speciation.Genetic diversity analysis showed that a total of 23 haplotypes were detected in the Cyt b gene of 70 S. pylzovi,with the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity being 0.917 and 0.003 10,respectively.A total of 28 haplotypes were detected in the Cyt b gene of 132 G. chilianensis,with the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity being 0.819 and 0.009 82,respectively.A total of 13 haplotypes were detected in the Cyt b gene of 92 S. kialingensis,with the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity being 0.706 and 0.002 33,respectively.No haplotypes were shared between either two different species,and significant population differentiation were detected among geographic populations,showing that geographic isolation has a significant impact on these Schizothoracinae fishes,and adaptive differentiation as well.Hence,different populations should be treated as different evolutionary significant units in conservation management.
In the present study,294 Schizothoracinae specimens of Schizopygopsis pylzovi, Gymnocypris chilianensis and Schizopygopsis kialingensis,were collected from 8 sampling sites from the Yangtze River,the Yellow River and inland rivers in Gansu Province.Mitochondrial DNA Cyt b gene was used as molecular marker to perform the phylogenetic analyses,genetic diversity and population differentiation analysis of the 3 Schizothoracinae fishes.Phylogenetic analyses of all haplotypes based on NJ and BI methods revealed that S. pylzovi was clustered as a monophyletic group.However, S. kialingensis was clustered into a clad with G. chilianensis,suggesting that the two species are under early stage of speciation.Genetic diversity analysis showed that a total of 23 haplotypes were detected in the Cyt b gene of 70 S. pylzovi,with the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity being 0.917 and 0.003 10,respectively.A total of 28 haplotypes were detected in the Cyt b gene of 132 G. chilianensis,with the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity being 0.819 and 0.009 82,respectively.A total of 13 haplotypes were detected in the Cyt b gene of 92 S. kialingensis,with the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity being 0.706 and 0.002 33,respectively.No haplotypes were shared between either two different species,and significant population differentiation were detected among geographic populations,showing that geographic isolation has a significant impact on these Schizothoracinae fishes,and adaptive differentiation as well.Hence,different populations should be treated as different evolutionary significant units in conservation management.
引文
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[17] 李文静,王环珊,刘焕章,等.赤水河半■的遗传多样性和种群历史动态分析[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(1):106-113.
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[24] RONQUIST F,TESLENKO M,VAN DER MARK P,et al.MrBayes 3.2:efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space [J].Systematic biology,2012,61(3):539-542.
[25] EXCOFFIER L,LISCHER H E.Arlequin suite ver 3.5:a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows[J].Molecular ecology resources,2010,10(3):564-567.
[26] HE D K,CHEN Y F.Biogeography and molecular phylogeny of the genus Schizothorax (Teleostei:Cyprinidae) in China inferred from cytochrome b sequences [J].Journal of Biogeography,2006(33):1448-1460.
[27] HE D K,CHEN Y F.Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes (Teleostei:Cyprinidae) inferred from cytochrome b sequences [J].Chinese science bulletin,2007,52(6):777-788.
[28] ZHANG L,TANG Q Y,LIU H Z.Phylogeny and speciation of the Eastern Asian cyprinid genus Sarcocheilichthys [J].Journal of fish biology,2008,72(5):1122-1137.
[29] 刘思情,唐琼英,李小娟,等.基于线粒体细胞色素b基因的黑鳍鳈(Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis)生物地理学过程分析[J].动物学研究,2013,34(5):437-445.
[30] WRIGHT S.Evolution and the genetics of populations:variability within and among populations V.4 [M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1978:237-240.
[31] NEIGEL J E,AVISE J C.Application of a random walk model to geographic distributions of animal mitochondrial DNA variation[J].Genetics,1993,135(4):1209-1220.
[32] CHEN W T,DU K,HE S P.Genetic structure and historical demography of Schizothorax nukiangensis (Cyprinidae) in continuous habitat [J].Ecology and evolution,2015,5(4):984-995.
[33] HE D K,CHEN,Y F.Phylogeography of Schizothorax o′connori (Cyprinidae:Schizothoracinae) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River,Tibet [J].Hydrobiologia,2009,635(1):251-262.
[34] GRANT W,BOWEN B W.Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes:insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation [J].Journal of heredity,1998,89(5):415-426.
[35] ARUNDELL K,DUNN A M,ALEXANDER J,et al.Enemy release and genetic founder effects in invasive killer shrimp populations of Great Britain [J].Biological invasions,2015,17(5):1439-1451.
[36] LOESCHCKE V,TOMIUK J,JAIN S K.Conservation genetics (Vol.68) [M].Basel:Birkh?user,2013:37-53.
[37] MORITZ C.Defining ‘Evolutionarily Significant Units’ for conservation[J].Trends in ecology and evolution,1994,9(10):373-375.
[2] SOLBRIG O T.From genes to ecosystems:a research agenda for biodiversity :report of a IUBS-SCOPE-UNESCO workshop [R].Massachusetts:Cambridge,1991:1-124.
[3] FéRAL J P.How useful are the genetic markers in attempts to understand and manage marine biodiversity?[J].Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology,2002,268(2):121-145.
[4] 乐佩琦.中国动物志-硬骨鱼纲鲤形目:下卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:347-352.
[5] 代应贵,肖海.裂腹鱼类种质多样性研究综述[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(32):38-46.
[6] 王太,张艳萍,管丽红,等.甘肃省鱼类资源现状及DNA条形码在鱼类物种鉴定中的应用[J].生物多样性,2015,23(3):306-313.
[7] 王香亭.甘肃脊椎动物志[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1991:98-112.
[8] HE D K,CHEN Y F,CHEN Y Y,et al.Molecular phylogeny of the specialized schizothoracine fishes (Teleostei:Cyprinidae),with their implications for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese science bulletin,2004,49(1):39-48.
[9] 张艳萍,杜岩岩,娄忠玉,等.甘肃省几种裂腹鱼类系统发育关系探讨[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(5):91-102.
[10] 王太,杜岩岩,杨濯羽,等.基于线粒体控制区的嘉陵裸裂尻鱼种群遗传结构分析[J].生态学报,2017,37(22):7741-7749.
[11] 赵凯,杨公社,李俊兵,等.黄河裸裂尻鱼群体遗传结构和Cyt b序列变异[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(2):129-133.
[12] 祁得林,晁燕,郭松长,等.黄河裸裂尻鱼五种群mtDNA控制区的遗传结构[J].动物学报,2008,54(6):972-980.
[13] AVISE J C.Molecular markers,natural history and evolution [M].New York:Chapman & Hall,1994:141-397.
[14] 肖武汉,张亚平.鱼类线粒体DNA的遗传与进化[J].水生生物学报,2000,24(4):384-391.
[15] WLASIUK G,GARZA J C,LESSA E P.Genetic and geographic differentiation in the Rio Negro tuco-tuco (Ctenomys rionegrensis):inferring the roles of migration and drift from multiple genetic markers [J].Evolution,2003,57(4):913-926.
[16] 王雪,唐琼英,刘飞,等.赤水河两种荷马条鳅属鱼类的遗传多样性及谱系生物地理学过程分析[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(2):356-362.
[17] 李文静,王环珊,刘焕章,等.赤水河半■的遗传多样性和种群历史动态分析[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(1):106-113.
[18] ALJANABI S M,MARTINEZ I.Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR-based techniques [J].Nucleic acids research,1997,25(22):4692-4693.
[19] XIAO W,ZHANG Y,LIU H.Molecular systematics of Xenocyprinae (Teleostei:Cyprinidae):taxonomy,biogeography,and coevolution of a special group restricted in East Asia [J].Molecular phylogenetics and evolution,2001,18(2):163-173.
[20] LARKIN M A,BLACKSHIELDS G,BROWN N P,et al.Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0 [J].Bioinformatics,2007,23(21):2947-2948.
[21] GOUY M,GUINDON S,GASCUEL O.Seaview version 4:a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building [J].Molecularbiology and evolution,2010,27(2):221-224.
[22] TAMURA K,STECHER G,PETERSON D,et al.MEGA6:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0 [J].Molecular biology and evolution,2013,30(12):2725-2729.
[23] ROZAS J,FERRER-MATA A,SáNCHEZ-DELBARRIO J C,et al.DnaSP 6:DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets [J].Molecular biology and evolution,2017,34(12):3299-3302.
[24] RONQUIST F,TESLENKO M,VAN DER MARK P,et al.MrBayes 3.2:efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space [J].Systematic biology,2012,61(3):539-542.
[25] EXCOFFIER L,LISCHER H E.Arlequin suite ver 3.5:a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows[J].Molecular ecology resources,2010,10(3):564-567.
[26] HE D K,CHEN Y F.Biogeography and molecular phylogeny of the genus Schizothorax (Teleostei:Cyprinidae) in China inferred from cytochrome b sequences [J].Journal of Biogeography,2006(33):1448-1460.
[27] HE D K,CHEN Y F.Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes (Teleostei:Cyprinidae) inferred from cytochrome b sequences [J].Chinese science bulletin,2007,52(6):777-788.
[28] ZHANG L,TANG Q Y,LIU H Z.Phylogeny and speciation of the Eastern Asian cyprinid genus Sarcocheilichthys [J].Journal of fish biology,2008,72(5):1122-1137.
[29] 刘思情,唐琼英,李小娟,等.基于线粒体细胞色素b基因的黑鳍鳈(Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis)生物地理学过程分析[J].动物学研究,2013,34(5):437-445.
[30] WRIGHT S.Evolution and the genetics of populations:variability within and among populations V.4 [M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1978:237-240.
[31] NEIGEL J E,AVISE J C.Application of a random walk model to geographic distributions of animal mitochondrial DNA variation[J].Genetics,1993,135(4):1209-1220.
[32] CHEN W T,DU K,HE S P.Genetic structure and historical demography of Schizothorax nukiangensis (Cyprinidae) in continuous habitat [J].Ecology and evolution,2015,5(4):984-995.
[33] HE D K,CHEN,Y F.Phylogeography of Schizothorax o′connori (Cyprinidae:Schizothoracinae) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River,Tibet [J].Hydrobiologia,2009,635(1):251-262.
[34] GRANT W,BOWEN B W.Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes:insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation [J].Journal of heredity,1998,89(5):415-426.
[35] ARUNDELL K,DUNN A M,ALEXANDER J,et al.Enemy release and genetic founder effects in invasive killer shrimp populations of Great Britain [J].Biological invasions,2015,17(5):1439-1451.
[36] LOESCHCKE V,TOMIUK J,JAIN S K.Conservation genetics (Vol.68) [M].Basel:Birkh?user,2013:37-53.
[37] MORITZ C.Defining ‘Evolutionarily Significant Units’ for conservation[J].Trends in ecology and evolution,1994,9(10):373-375.