铅镉高污染土壤的钝化材料筛选及其修复效果初探
|
摘要
本研究以重金属高污染农田土壤(全Pb含量为1 277 mg/kg,全Cd含量为39.0 mg/kg)为研究对象,通过土培试验和玉米苗期盆栽试验,探讨海泡石、石灰、腐植酸、钙镁磷肥、磷矿粉、生物质炭等常用稳定材料不同剂量及复配组合对高污染土壤重金属的钝化修复效应。土培试验结果表明,石灰对Pb和Cd钝化效果最好,其次是海泡石,但两者表现为较高添加量处理间没有显著差异;而低剂量生物质炭和腐植酸显著增加土壤有效态Pb和Cd含量,高剂量生物质炭具有较好的钝化效果。盆栽试验表明,海泡石与石灰配施钝化效果较好,与对照相比,土壤氯化钙提取态Pb、Cd含量分别降低了97.5%、81.4%;玉米根和地上部Cd含量分别降低48.5%、34.0%,Pb含量分别降低35.6%、29.6%;但海泡石与磷材料配施显著增加玉米根Pb含量,对玉米Cd吸收没有显著影响。以上结果表明,重金属高污染农田土壤添加合适的改良剂,可较大幅度降低土壤重金属有效性和植物重金属吸收性。
By soil culture and pot experiments, an agricultural soil seriously polluted by heavy metals(total concentrations of Pb and Cd are 1 277 mg/kg and 39.0 mg/kg, respectively) was used to study soil metal stabilization with in incubatin experiment the amendments of sepiolite, lime, humic acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, phosphate rock powder and biochar. The results showed that in incubation experiment the addition of different amendments changed soil pH and metal availability, lime addition induced highest reduction in soil available Pb and Cd concentrations, followed by sepiolite, but there was no significant difference in soil metal availabilities between treatments with high doses of lime or sepiolite; the low dose biochar(0.1 g/kg) significantly increased soil available Pb and Cd concentrations, while high dose biochar decreased the metal availability. In pot experiment the addition of mixture of sepiolite-lime gave the highest reducing effects on soil pH and available metals; compared to control soil, the addition of sepiolite and lime together decreased soil Pb and Cd availabilities by 97.5 and 81.4%, respectively, and Cd and Pb concentrations in roots and shoots decreased by 48.5% and 34.0%, and 35.6% and 29.6%, respectively; but the addition of mixture of sepiolite-phosphorated materials significantly increased Pb concentration in roots but decreased Pb concentrations in shoots, and had no significant effects on Cd concentrations in plants. The above results show that adding appropriate soil amendments can significantly reduce heavy metal availability and plant metal uptake in heavy metal severely contaminated soil.
By soil culture and pot experiments, an agricultural soil seriously polluted by heavy metals(total concentrations of Pb and Cd are 1 277 mg/kg and 39.0 mg/kg, respectively) was used to study soil metal stabilization with in incubatin experiment the amendments of sepiolite, lime, humic acid, calcium magnesium phosphate, phosphate rock powder and biochar. The results showed that in incubation experiment the addition of different amendments changed soil pH and metal availability, lime addition induced highest reduction in soil available Pb and Cd concentrations, followed by sepiolite, but there was no significant difference in soil metal availabilities between treatments with high doses of lime or sepiolite; the low dose biochar(0.1 g/kg) significantly increased soil available Pb and Cd concentrations, while high dose biochar decreased the metal availability. In pot experiment the addition of mixture of sepiolite-lime gave the highest reducing effects on soil pH and available metals; compared to control soil, the addition of sepiolite and lime together decreased soil Pb and Cd availabilities by 97.5 and 81.4%, respectively, and Cd and Pb concentrations in roots and shoots decreased by 48.5% and 34.0%, and 35.6% and 29.6%, respectively; but the addition of mixture of sepiolite-phosphorated materials significantly increased Pb concentration in roots but decreased Pb concentrations in shoots, and had no significant effects on Cd concentrations in plants. The above results show that adding appropriate soil amendments can significantly reduce heavy metal availability and plant metal uptake in heavy metal severely contaminated soil.
引文
[1]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R].2014-04-17
[2]陶雪,杨琥,季荣,等.固定剂及其在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用[J].土壤, 2016, 48(1):1–11
[3]王林,徐应明,孙国红,等.海泡石和磷酸盐对镉铅污染稻田土壤的钝化修复效应与机理研究[J].生态环境学报, 2012, 21(2):314–320
[4]景鑫鑫,李真理,程海宽,等.不同固化剂对玉米吸收铅镉的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(15):38–43
[5] He M, Shi H, Zhao X Y, et al. Immobilization of Pb and Cd in contaminated soil using nano-crystallite hydroxyapatite[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2013, 18:657–665
[6] Yao Z T, Li J H, Xie H G, et al. Review on remediation technologies of soil contaminated by heavy metals.Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012, 16:722–729
[7]李晓娜,宋洋,贾明云,等.生物质炭对有机污染物的吸附及机理研究进展[J].土壤学报, 2017, 54(6):1314–1325
[8]曹晨亮,王卫,马义兵,等.钝化剂–锌肥降低烟草镉含量长期效果研究[J].土壤学报, 2015, 52(3):629–636
[9]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.土壤环境质量标准[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 1995
[10]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2012:1–253
[11]李海玲.土壤pH值的测定——电位法[J].农业科技与信息, 2011(13):47–48
[12]钱宝,刘凌,肖潇.土壤有机质测定方法对比分析[J].河海大学学报, 2011, 39(1):35–37
[13]吴才武,夏建新,段峥嵘.土壤有机质测定方法述评与展望[J].土壤, 2015, 47(3):453–460
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000:25–151
[15]罗婷,喻华,涂仕华,等.石灰及配合施用镁和硅对土壤pH和镉有效性的影响[J].西南农业学报, 2017, 30(8):1826–1832
[16]杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元.施用石灰对Pb、Cd、Zn在土壤中的形态及大白菜中累积的影响[J].生态环境, 2007,16(6):1710–1713
[17]孔德花,魏育东.生物炭对重金属离子Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附作用[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2015, 11(1):11–13
[18]高译丹,梁成华,裴中健,等.施用生物炭和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(2):258–261
[19]高跃,韩晓凯,李艳辉,等.腐殖酸对土壤铅赋存形态的影响[J].生态环境, 2008, 17(3):1053–1057
[20]李造煌,杨文弢,邹佳玲,等.钙镁磷肥对土壤Cd生物有效性和糙米Cd含量的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2017,37(6):2322–2330
[21]郭晓方,卫泽斌,谢方文,等.过磷酸钙与石灰混施对污染农田低累积玉米生长和重金属含量的影响[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 6(4):1375–1379
[22]蔡轩,龙新宪,种云宵,等.无机–有机混合改良剂对酸性重金属复合污染土壤的修复效应[J].环境科学学报,2015, 35(12):3991–4002
[23]扈亲怀.不同粒径与用量的磷矿粉钝化土壤重金属(Cd、Pb)的机制研究[D].福州:福建师范大学, 2014
[24]李翔,刘永冰,程言君,等.湖南某铅锌矿污染土壤稳定化修复研究[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2016(25):137–144
[25]杨惟薇,刘敏,张超兰,等.不同玉米品种对重金属铅镉的富集和转运能力[J].中国农学通报, 2014, 30(6):774–779
[26]于蔚,李元,陈建军,等.铅低累积玉米品种的筛选研究[J].环境科学导报, 2014, 33(5):4–9
[2]陶雪,杨琥,季荣,等.固定剂及其在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用[J].土壤, 2016, 48(1):1–11
[3]王林,徐应明,孙国红,等.海泡石和磷酸盐对镉铅污染稻田土壤的钝化修复效应与机理研究[J].生态环境学报, 2012, 21(2):314–320
[4]景鑫鑫,李真理,程海宽,等.不同固化剂对玉米吸收铅镉的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(15):38–43
[5] He M, Shi H, Zhao X Y, et al. Immobilization of Pb and Cd in contaminated soil using nano-crystallite hydroxyapatite[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2013, 18:657–665
[6] Yao Z T, Li J H, Xie H G, et al. Review on remediation technologies of soil contaminated by heavy metals.Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012, 16:722–729
[7]李晓娜,宋洋,贾明云,等.生物质炭对有机污染物的吸附及机理研究进展[J].土壤学报, 2017, 54(6):1314–1325
[8]曹晨亮,王卫,马义兵,等.钝化剂–锌肥降低烟草镉含量长期效果研究[J].土壤学报, 2015, 52(3):629–636
[9]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.土壤环境质量标准[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 1995
[10]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2012:1–253
[11]李海玲.土壤pH值的测定——电位法[J].农业科技与信息, 2011(13):47–48
[12]钱宝,刘凌,肖潇.土壤有机质测定方法对比分析[J].河海大学学报, 2011, 39(1):35–37
[13]吴才武,夏建新,段峥嵘.土壤有机质测定方法述评与展望[J].土壤, 2015, 47(3):453–460
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000:25–151
[15]罗婷,喻华,涂仕华,等.石灰及配合施用镁和硅对土壤pH和镉有效性的影响[J].西南农业学报, 2017, 30(8):1826–1832
[16]杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元.施用石灰对Pb、Cd、Zn在土壤中的形态及大白菜中累积的影响[J].生态环境, 2007,16(6):1710–1713
[17]孔德花,魏育东.生物炭对重金属离子Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附作用[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2015, 11(1):11–13
[18]高译丹,梁成华,裴中健,等.施用生物炭和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(2):258–261
[19]高跃,韩晓凯,李艳辉,等.腐殖酸对土壤铅赋存形态的影响[J].生态环境, 2008, 17(3):1053–1057
[20]李造煌,杨文弢,邹佳玲,等.钙镁磷肥对土壤Cd生物有效性和糙米Cd含量的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2017,37(6):2322–2330
[21]郭晓方,卫泽斌,谢方文,等.过磷酸钙与石灰混施对污染农田低累积玉米生长和重金属含量的影响[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 6(4):1375–1379
[22]蔡轩,龙新宪,种云宵,等.无机–有机混合改良剂对酸性重金属复合污染土壤的修复效应[J].环境科学学报,2015, 35(12):3991–4002
[23]扈亲怀.不同粒径与用量的磷矿粉钝化土壤重金属(Cd、Pb)的机制研究[D].福州:福建师范大学, 2014
[24]李翔,刘永冰,程言君,等.湖南某铅锌矿污染土壤稳定化修复研究[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2016(25):137–144
[25]杨惟薇,刘敏,张超兰,等.不同玉米品种对重金属铅镉的富集和转运能力[J].中国农学通报, 2014, 30(6):774–779
[26]于蔚,李元,陈建军,等.铅低累积玉米品种的筛选研究[J].环境科学导报, 2014, 33(5):4–9