降水对京津冀中南部PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)清除作用的分析
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摘要
利用京津冀中南部10个城市环境监测国控站点的2014～2016年PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度逐小时资料和中国气象局地面观测逐小时国家站降水资料,进行对比统计分析,探讨降水对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的湿清除作用。结果表明,京津冀中南部降水对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)湿清除效果随降雨总量、平均雨强、降水持续时间的增加而加强。当降雨总量大于10mm、平均雨强大于1mm、降水持续时间超过10h时,降水对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)湿清除效果最佳。降水前PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度与清除率呈非线性正相关关系,随浓度的增加,清除率将趋于稳定。
In this paper,we analyzed the effect of precipitation scavenging PM_(10) and PM_(2.5),based on the hourly data of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in 10 cities in central and south of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and the hourly precipitation data of the ground observation of China Meteorological Bureau. The results showed that the effect of precipitation on PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) was strengthened with the increase of rainfall amount,average rainfall intensity and duration of precipitation. When the total amount of rainfall was greater than 10 mm,the average rainfall was stronger than 1 mm,and the precipitation duration exceeded 10 h,the precipitation had the best effect for PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) removal. Pre-precipitation PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentration and clearance rate did not showed linear relation. With the increase of concentration,the clearance rate tended to be stable.
In this paper,we analyzed the effect of precipitation scavenging PM_(10) and PM_(2.5),based on the hourly data of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in 10 cities in central and south of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and the hourly precipitation data of the ground observation of China Meteorological Bureau. The results showed that the effect of precipitation on PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) was strengthened with the increase of rainfall amount,average rainfall intensity and duration of precipitation. When the total amount of rainfall was greater than 10 mm,the average rainfall was stronger than 1 mm,and the precipitation duration exceeded 10 h,the precipitation had the best effect for PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) removal. Pre-precipitation PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentration and clearance rate did not showed linear relation. With the increase of concentration,the clearance rate tended to be stable.
引文
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[15]康汉青,朱彬,樊曙先.南京北郊冬季大气气溶胶及其湿清除特征研究[J].气候与环境研究,2009,14(5):523-530.
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[2]颜俨,姚柳杨,徐涛,等.空气污染治理的公众偏好及政策评价-以西安市雾霾治理为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(4):19-25.
[3]卢爱刚,刘晖.渭南市湿沉降贡的时间发布特征及其来源探究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(4):62-67.
[4]Prancsha T S,Kamra A K. Scavenging of aerosol particles by large water drops:3. Washout coefficients,half-lives,and rainfall depths[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres(1984-2012),1997,102(D20):23947-23953.
[5]Bae S Y,Chang H J,Yong P K. Relative contributions of individual phoretic effects in the below-cloud scavenging process[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science,2009,40(7):621-632.
[6]Mircea M,Stefan S,Fuzzi S. Precipitation scavenging coefficient:influence of measured aerosol and raindrop size distributions[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(29/30):5169-5174.
[7]Zhang L M,Michelangeli D V,Taylor P A. Numerical studies of aerosol scavenging by low-level,warm stratiform clouds and precipitation[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(28):4653-4665.
[8]Tai A P K,Mickley L J,Jacob D J. Correlations between fine particulate matter(PM2. 5)and meteorological variables in the United States:implications for the sensitivity of PM2. 5to climate change[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(32):3976-3984.
[9]Chath D M,Rao P S P. Naik M S,et al. Scavenging of aerosols and their chemical species by rain[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(18):2477-2484.
[10]Chath D M,Pranesha T S. Field studies of scavenging of aerosols by rain events[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science,2004,35(6):695-706.
[11]Yoo J M,Lee Y R,Kim D. New indices for wet scavenging of air pollutants(O3,CO,NO2,SO2,and PM10)by summertime rain[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014,82(11):226-237.
[12]陈小敏,邹倩,周国兵.重庆主城区冬春季降水强度对大气污染物影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,38(7):113-121.
[13]谢鹏,霍铭群,孙倩,等.云下颗粒物清除作用对雨水离子组成影响研究[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2009,45(4):707-712.
[14]王跃思,李雪,姚利,等. 2007年北京夏季降水分段采样酸度和化学成分分析[J].环境科学,2009,30(9):2715-2721.
[15]康汉青,朱彬,樊曙先.南京北郊冬季大气气溶胶及其湿清除特征研究[J].气候与环境研究,2009,14(5):523-530.
[16]李霞,杨青,吴彦.乌鲁木齐地区雪和雨对气溶胶湿清除能力的比较研究[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(5):560-564.