喀斯特山区土壤有机无机磷分级方法的比较研究
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摘要
为精准测定各形态磷含量,分析各形态磷对有效磷的贡献率,进而评价土壤的供磷能力,以贵州省晴隆县喀斯特地区草地、林地、耕地3种土地利用方式下土壤为研究对象,采用蒋柏藩-顾益初无机磷分级方法、Bowman-Cole有机磷分级方法和Tiessen-Moir有机无机磷结合分级方法进行比较研究。结果表明:各方法测定的土壤有机无机磷含量在不同土地利用方式下差异明显。综合各样地分析发现,采用蒋柏藩-顾益初法和Tiessen-Moir法测定的土壤无机磷形态含量相差不大,无机磷总量占全磷比例分别为20.13%和22.38%。采用Bowman-Cole法和Tiessen-Moir法测定的土壤有机磷含量占全磷比例相差较大,二者相差4.99个百分点,Bowman-Cole法测定土壤有机磷总量高于Tiessen-Moir法。各方法测定土壤有机无机磷形态含量与有效磷含量相关性分析表明,研究区采用蒋柏藩-顾益初土壤无机磷分级方法与Bowman-Cole有机磷分级方法更具代表性。综合考虑土壤有机无机磷的实际含量、各形态磷的化学性质及其生物有效性,研究区采用蒋柏藩-顾益初提出的土壤无机磷分级方法比较适合,BowmanCole提出的土壤有机磷分级方法较Tiessen-Moir法更适合于研究区土壤有机磷的分级。
The scientific method of soil phosphorous fractionation can accurately determine the pool of phosphorus in each form, analyzing the rate of contributions about the phosphorus in the form of available phosphorus, it can evaluate the phosphorus supply capacity of soil. In this study, soils of three land use patterns including grassland, woodland and cultivated field from the karst area of Qinglong County, Guizhou Province were examined using the methods of Jiang-Gu on soil inorganic phosphorus and Bowman-Cole on organic phosphorus, and Tiessen-Moir soil organic and inorganic phosphorus fractionation to carry out comparison study of soil phosphorous fraction. The results showed that, under different land use modes, the contents of soil organic and inorganic phosphorus differed significantly. Through comprehensive analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference in the content of soil inorganic phosphorus by using the methods of Jiang-Gu and Tiessen-Moir, and the total content of which accounted for total phosphorus was 20.13% and 22.38% respectively. The methods of Bowman-Cole and Tiessen-Moir were used to determine the organic phosphorus difference in the proportion of total phosphorus in soil, with the difference between the two as high as 4.99%. However, the total organic phosphorus in soil determined by the Bowman-Cole method was higher than that by the Tiessen-Moir method. The correlation analysis of soil organic and inorganic phosphorus contents with available phosphorus content showed that the methods of Jiang-Gu and Bowman-Cole were more representative in the study area. Considering the actual quantity of soil organic and inorganic phosphorus and the chemical properties of different forms of phosphorus and their biological effectiveness comprehensively, this research showed that the Jiang-Gu method on soil inorganic phosphorus fractionation was suitable for the study area, whereas the Bowman-Cole method on soil organic phosphorus fractionation was more suitable than the TiessenMoir method.
The scientific method of soil phosphorous fractionation can accurately determine the pool of phosphorus in each form, analyzing the rate of contributions about the phosphorus in the form of available phosphorus, it can evaluate the phosphorus supply capacity of soil. In this study, soils of three land use patterns including grassland, woodland and cultivated field from the karst area of Qinglong County, Guizhou Province were examined using the methods of Jiang-Gu on soil inorganic phosphorus and Bowman-Cole on organic phosphorus, and Tiessen-Moir soil organic and inorganic phosphorus fractionation to carry out comparison study of soil phosphorous fraction. The results showed that, under different land use modes, the contents of soil organic and inorganic phosphorus differed significantly. Through comprehensive analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference in the content of soil inorganic phosphorus by using the methods of Jiang-Gu and Tiessen-Moir, and the total content of which accounted for total phosphorus was 20.13% and 22.38% respectively. The methods of Bowman-Cole and Tiessen-Moir were used to determine the organic phosphorus difference in the proportion of total phosphorus in soil, with the difference between the two as high as 4.99%. However, the total organic phosphorus in soil determined by the Bowman-Cole method was higher than that by the Tiessen-Moir method. The correlation analysis of soil organic and inorganic phosphorus contents with available phosphorus content showed that the methods of Jiang-Gu and Bowman-Cole were more representative in the study area. Considering the actual quantity of soil organic and inorganic phosphorus and the chemical properties of different forms of phosphorus and their biological effectiveness comprehensively, this research showed that the Jiang-Gu method on soil inorganic phosphorus fractionation was suitable for the study area, whereas the Bowman-Cole method on soil organic phosphorus fractionation was more suitable than the TiessenMoir method.
引文
[1]孙桂芳,金继运,石元亮.土壤磷素形态及其生物有效性研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(2):1-9.SUN Gui-fang,JIN Ji-yun,SHI Yuan-liang.Research advance on soil phosphorous forms and their availability to crops in soil[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2011(2):1-9.
[2]向万胜,黄敏,李学垣.土壤磷素的化学组分及其植物有效性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(6):663-670.XIANG Wan-sheng,HUANG Min,LI Xue-yuan.Progress on fractioning of soil phosphorous and availability of various phosphorous fractions to crops in soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertiliser Science,2004,10(6):663-670.
[3]丁怀香,宇万太.土壤无机磷分级及生物有效性研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):681-686.DING Huai-xiang,YU Wan-tai.Review on soil inorganic-P fractionation and the influential factors on P bio-availability[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(3):681-686.
[4]谢英荷,洪坚平,韩旭,等.不同磷水平石灰性土壤Hedley磷形态生物有效性的研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):141-144.XIE Ying-he,HONG Jian-ping,HAN Xu,et al.Study on soil bioavailability of the Hedley P forms in calcareous soil with different phosphorus level[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(6):141-144.
[5]韩晓日,温秋香,李娜,等.棕壤有机无机磷分级方法的比较研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(6):692-697.HAN Xiao-ri,WEN Qiu-xiang,LI Na,et al.Methods of inorganic and organic phosphate fractionation in brown soils[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2011,42(6):692-697.
[6]范业宽,李世俊.Bowman-Cole石灰性土壤有机磷分组法的改进[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):743-749.FAN Ye-kuan,LI Shi-jun.A modification of Bowmen-Cole fractionation method of soil organic phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(6):743-749.
[7]张林,吴宁,吴彦,等.土壤磷素形态及其分级方法研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1775-1782.ZHANG Lin,WU Ning,WU Yan,et al.Soil phosphorus form and fractionation scheme:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(7):1775-1782.
[8]周广业,阎龙翔.长期施用不同肥料对土壤磷素形态转化的影响[J].土壤学报,1993,30(4):443-446.ZHOU Guang-ye,YAN Long-xiang.Effects of long-term application of fertilizers on soil phosphorus morphology and transformation[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1993,30(4):443-446.
[9]Zhang Y S,Ni W Z.Influence of organic manure on organic phosphorus fraction in soils[J].Pedosphere,1993,30(4):361-369.
[10]徐光荣,张世熔,钟钦梅,等.基于Tiessen方法的土壤磷分级浸提过程的改进研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):134-140.XU Guang-rong,ZHANG Shi-rong,ZHONG Qin-mei,et al.Comparison study on extraction methods of phosphorus fraction in four typical soils of Sichuan basin,China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2017,48(1):134-140.
[11]沈仁芳,蒋柏藩.石灰性土壤无机磷的形态分布及其有效性[J].土壤学报,1992,29(1):80-86.SHEN Ren-fang,JIANG Bai-fan.Distribution and availability of various forms of inorganic-P in calcareous soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1992,29(1):80-86.
[12]蒋柏藩,顾益初.石灰性土壤无机磷分级体系的研究[J].中国农业科学,1989,22(3):58-66.JIANG Bai-fan,GU Yi-chu.A suggested fractionation scheme of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soils[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1989,22(3):58-66.
[13]来璐,郝明德,彭令发.土壤磷素研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(1):65-67.LAI Lu,HAO Ming-de,PENG Ling-fa.Development of researches on soil phosphorus[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(1):65-67.
[14]Bowman R A,Cole C V.An exploratory method for fractionation of organic phosphorus from grassland soils[J].Soil Science,1978,125(2):95-101.
[15]Hedley M J,Stewart J W B,Chauhan B S.Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations[J].Soil Science Society of America,1982,46(5):970-976.
[16]Tiessen H,Moir J O.Characterization of available P by sequential fractionation[M]//Carter M R,Gregorich E G.Soil sampling and methods of analysis.2nd Edition.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2006.
[17]袁道先.全球岩溶生态系统对比:科学目标和执行计划[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(4):461-466.YUAN Dao-xian.World correlation of karst ecosystem:Objectives and implementation plan[J].Advances in Earth Science,2001,16(4):461-466.
[18]苏维词,杨华,李晴,等.我国西南喀斯特山区土地石漠化成因及防治[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):447-451.SU Wei-ci,YANG Hua,LI Qing,et al.Rocky land desertification and its controlling measurements in the karst mountainous region southwest of China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(3):447-451.
[19]史迎春,舒英格.喀斯特石漠化时空变化特征及驱动因子分析--以贵州晴隆县为例[J].林业资源管理,2017,1(1):135-143.SHI Ying-chun,SHU Ying-ge.Analysis on karst rocky desertification temporal and spatial variation characteristics and driving factors:A case study of Qinglong County of Guizhou Province[J].Forestry Resource Management,2017,1(1):135-143.
[20]宋同清,彭晚霞,杜虎,等.中国西南喀斯特石漠化时空演变特征、发生机制与调控对策[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5328-5341.SONG Tong-qing,PENG Wan-xia,DU Hu,et al.Occurrence,spatial-temporal dynamics and regulation strategies of karst rocky desertification in southwest China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(18):5328-5341.
[21]彭文君,舒英格.基于GIS的石漠化山区县域土地利用空间变化的生态风险测度[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):342-348.PENG Wen-jun,SHU Ying-ge.Assessment on ecological risk of land use spatial change at county level in the rocky desertification mountainous area based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(1):342-348.
[22]李会彬,李东坡,武志杰,等.不同开垦年限白浆土土壤磷库特征[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):135-140.LI Hui-bin,LI Dong-po,WU Zhi-jie,et al.Albic soil phosphorus fractions after different years of cultivation[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(1):135-140.
[23]鲁如坤.土壤-植物营养学原理和施肥[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998:160-162.LU Ru-kun.Principles and fertilization of soil-plant nutrition[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1998:160-162.
[24]杨小燕,陈祥伟.未开垦干扰黑土土壤磷素形态垂直分布特征[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):378-383.YANG Xiao-yan,CHEN Xiang-wei.Vertical distribution of soil phosphorus fractionation in uncultivated black soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(2):378-383.
[25]Ivanoff D B,Reddy K R,Robinson S.Chemical fractionation of organic phosphorus in selected histosols[J].Soil Science,1998,163(1):36-45.
[26]董伟.不同草甸类型土壤有机磷的分组与探讨[J].养殖与饲料,2008,4(8):56-58.DONG Wei.Grouping and discussion of soil organic phosphorus in different meadow types[J].Culture and Feed,2008,4(8):56-58.
[27]Scott J T,Condron L M.Dynamics and availability of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of a temperate silvopastoral system[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2003,39(2):65-73.
[28]Rose T J,Hardiputra B,Rengel Z.Wheat,canola and grain legume access to soil phosphorus fractions differs in soils with contrasting phosphorus dynamics[J].Plant&Soil,2010,326(1/2):159-170.
[29]冯跃华,张杨珠,黄运湘,等.湖南省主要类型水稻土有机磷形态分级研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,27(1):24-28.FENG Yue-hua,ZHANG Yang-zhu,HUANG Yun-xiang,et al.Fractionation of organic phosphorus forms in major types of paddy soils in Hunan Province[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2001,27(1):24-28.
[2]向万胜,黄敏,李学垣.土壤磷素的化学组分及其植物有效性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(6):663-670.XIANG Wan-sheng,HUANG Min,LI Xue-yuan.Progress on fractioning of soil phosphorous and availability of various phosphorous fractions to crops in soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertiliser Science,2004,10(6):663-670.
[3]丁怀香,宇万太.土壤无机磷分级及生物有效性研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):681-686.DING Huai-xiang,YU Wan-tai.Review on soil inorganic-P fractionation and the influential factors on P bio-availability[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(3):681-686.
[4]谢英荷,洪坚平,韩旭,等.不同磷水平石灰性土壤Hedley磷形态生物有效性的研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):141-144.XIE Ying-he,HONG Jian-ping,HAN Xu,et al.Study on soil bioavailability of the Hedley P forms in calcareous soil with different phosphorus level[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(6):141-144.
[5]韩晓日,温秋香,李娜,等.棕壤有机无机磷分级方法的比较研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(6):692-697.HAN Xiao-ri,WEN Qiu-xiang,LI Na,et al.Methods of inorganic and organic phosphate fractionation in brown soils[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2011,42(6):692-697.
[6]范业宽,李世俊.Bowman-Cole石灰性土壤有机磷分组法的改进[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):743-749.FAN Ye-kuan,LI Shi-jun.A modification of Bowmen-Cole fractionation method of soil organic phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(6):743-749.
[7]张林,吴宁,吴彦,等.土壤磷素形态及其分级方法研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1775-1782.ZHANG Lin,WU Ning,WU Yan,et al.Soil phosphorus form and fractionation scheme:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(7):1775-1782.
[8]周广业,阎龙翔.长期施用不同肥料对土壤磷素形态转化的影响[J].土壤学报,1993,30(4):443-446.ZHOU Guang-ye,YAN Long-xiang.Effects of long-term application of fertilizers on soil phosphorus morphology and transformation[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1993,30(4):443-446.
[9]Zhang Y S,Ni W Z.Influence of organic manure on organic phosphorus fraction in soils[J].Pedosphere,1993,30(4):361-369.
[10]徐光荣,张世熔,钟钦梅,等.基于Tiessen方法的土壤磷分级浸提过程的改进研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):134-140.XU Guang-rong,ZHANG Shi-rong,ZHONG Qin-mei,et al.Comparison study on extraction methods of phosphorus fraction in four typical soils of Sichuan basin,China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2017,48(1):134-140.
[11]沈仁芳,蒋柏藩.石灰性土壤无机磷的形态分布及其有效性[J].土壤学报,1992,29(1):80-86.SHEN Ren-fang,JIANG Bai-fan.Distribution and availability of various forms of inorganic-P in calcareous soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1992,29(1):80-86.
[12]蒋柏藩,顾益初.石灰性土壤无机磷分级体系的研究[J].中国农业科学,1989,22(3):58-66.JIANG Bai-fan,GU Yi-chu.A suggested fractionation scheme of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soils[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1989,22(3):58-66.
[13]来璐,郝明德,彭令发.土壤磷素研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(1):65-67.LAI Lu,HAO Ming-de,PENG Ling-fa.Development of researches on soil phosphorus[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(1):65-67.
[14]Bowman R A,Cole C V.An exploratory method for fractionation of organic phosphorus from grassland soils[J].Soil Science,1978,125(2):95-101.
[15]Hedley M J,Stewart J W B,Chauhan B S.Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations[J].Soil Science Society of America,1982,46(5):970-976.
[16]Tiessen H,Moir J O.Characterization of available P by sequential fractionation[M]//Carter M R,Gregorich E G.Soil sampling and methods of analysis.2nd Edition.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2006.
[17]袁道先.全球岩溶生态系统对比:科学目标和执行计划[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(4):461-466.YUAN Dao-xian.World correlation of karst ecosystem:Objectives and implementation plan[J].Advances in Earth Science,2001,16(4):461-466.
[18]苏维词,杨华,李晴,等.我国西南喀斯特山区土地石漠化成因及防治[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):447-451.SU Wei-ci,YANG Hua,LI Qing,et al.Rocky land desertification and its controlling measurements in the karst mountainous region southwest of China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(3):447-451.
[19]史迎春,舒英格.喀斯特石漠化时空变化特征及驱动因子分析--以贵州晴隆县为例[J].林业资源管理,2017,1(1):135-143.SHI Ying-chun,SHU Ying-ge.Analysis on karst rocky desertification temporal and spatial variation characteristics and driving factors:A case study of Qinglong County of Guizhou Province[J].Forestry Resource Management,2017,1(1):135-143.
[20]宋同清,彭晚霞,杜虎,等.中国西南喀斯特石漠化时空演变特征、发生机制与调控对策[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5328-5341.SONG Tong-qing,PENG Wan-xia,DU Hu,et al.Occurrence,spatial-temporal dynamics and regulation strategies of karst rocky desertification in southwest China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(18):5328-5341.
[21]彭文君,舒英格.基于GIS的石漠化山区县域土地利用空间变化的生态风险测度[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):342-348.PENG Wen-jun,SHU Ying-ge.Assessment on ecological risk of land use spatial change at county level in the rocky desertification mountainous area based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(1):342-348.
[22]李会彬,李东坡,武志杰,等.不同开垦年限白浆土土壤磷库特征[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):135-140.LI Hui-bin,LI Dong-po,WU Zhi-jie,et al.Albic soil phosphorus fractions after different years of cultivation[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(1):135-140.
[23]鲁如坤.土壤-植物营养学原理和施肥[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998:160-162.LU Ru-kun.Principles and fertilization of soil-plant nutrition[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1998:160-162.
[24]杨小燕,陈祥伟.未开垦干扰黑土土壤磷素形态垂直分布特征[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):378-383.YANG Xiao-yan,CHEN Xiang-wei.Vertical distribution of soil phosphorus fractionation in uncultivated black soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(2):378-383.
[25]Ivanoff D B,Reddy K R,Robinson S.Chemical fractionation of organic phosphorus in selected histosols[J].Soil Science,1998,163(1):36-45.
[26]董伟.不同草甸类型土壤有机磷的分组与探讨[J].养殖与饲料,2008,4(8):56-58.DONG Wei.Grouping and discussion of soil organic phosphorus in different meadow types[J].Culture and Feed,2008,4(8):56-58.
[27]Scott J T,Condron L M.Dynamics and availability of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of a temperate silvopastoral system[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2003,39(2):65-73.
[28]Rose T J,Hardiputra B,Rengel Z.Wheat,canola and grain legume access to soil phosphorus fractions differs in soils with contrasting phosphorus dynamics[J].Plant&Soil,2010,326(1/2):159-170.
[29]冯跃华,张杨珠,黄运湘,等.湖南省主要类型水稻土有机磷形态分级研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,27(1):24-28.FENG Yue-hua,ZHANG Yang-zhu,HUANG Yun-xiang,et al.Fractionation of organic phosphorus forms in major types of paddy soils in Hunan Province[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2001,27(1):24-28.