农业景观中环境因素对两栖类生物分布的影响
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摘要
以黄河下游地区封丘县为研究区,在地理信息系统和R软件的支持下,在栖息地水平和景观水平上,分析了两栖类生物分布与栖息地变量(池塘水体溶解氧DO、电导率COND、浊度TURB、水体氨氮NH3-N、池塘内植被盖度VEGinterior、池塘内挺水植物盖度EMER、池塘边缘植被盖度VEGedge、两栖类幼虫捕食者PRE和池塘面积AREA)和采样点池塘250、500、1000、2000 m半径缓冲区内景观变量(池塘面积AP、与最近道路的距离DR、耕地面积AF、林地面积AW、Shannon多样性指数SHDI和蔓延度指数CONTAG)的关系.结果表明:中华大蟾蜍的分布主要与栖息地变量中的PRE和较大缓冲区半径内的景观变量(AW2000、DR2000、SHDI1000、CONTAG1000)相关;黑斑侧褶蛙的分布与栖息地变量中的EMER和较小缓冲区半径内的景观变量(SHDI500)关系密切;金线侧褶蛙的分布主要与栖息地变量中的VEGinterior和PRE相关;泽陆蛙的分布主要与较大缓冲区半径内的景观变量(AF2000、SHDI2000)相关;两栖类生物总体上主要与栖息地变量中的EMER和较小缓冲区半径内的景观变量(SHDI500)相关.在农业景观中,保护两栖类生物应该保护永久性和半永久性池塘、提高池塘内部植被盖度、增强栖息地池塘之间的功能连通性.
We analyzed the relationship between the distribution of amphibians and the environmental variables at the habitat level and landscape level in Fengqiu County of Henan Province,a typical region of the lower reaches of the Yellow River,with the support of geographic information system( GIS) and R software. At the habitat level,dissolved oxygen( DO),conductivity( COND),turbidity( TURB),NH3-N,pond-interior vegetation cover( VEGinterior),emergent vegetation cover( EMER),pond-edge vegetation cover( VEGedge),benthic fauna predators( PRE),and pond area( AREA) were selected as habitat variables. At the landscape level,total area of ponds( AP),distance to the nearest road( DR),total area of farmlands( AF),total area of woodlands( AW),Shannon's diversity index( SHDI),and contagion index( CONTAG) were selected as explanatory variables,calculated within a buffer of 250,500,1000 and 2000 m around the centroid of each pond. The results showed that the distribution of Bufo gargarizans was mainly related to the PRE and landscape variables within the larger radius buffer zone( AW2000,DR2000,SHDI1000,CONTAG1000). The distribution of Pelophylax nigromaculata was closely related to the EMER and landscape variables within the smaller radius buffer zone( SHDI500). VEGinteriorand PRE were the key factors determining the distribution of Pelophylax plancyi. Landscape variables( AF2000,SHDI2000) within the larger buffer radius were the most significant influencing factors on Fejervarya multistriata. For all amphibian species,the EMER and SHDI500 were variables that should be considered. For the protection of amphibian species in plain agricultural landscape,we suggested that conservation efforts should focus on improving the pond-interior vegetation cover,protecting the semi-permanent ponds,and enhancing the functional connectivity among ponds.
We analyzed the relationship between the distribution of amphibians and the environmental variables at the habitat level and landscape level in Fengqiu County of Henan Province,a typical region of the lower reaches of the Yellow River,with the support of geographic information system( GIS) and R software. At the habitat level,dissolved oxygen( DO),conductivity( COND),turbidity( TURB),NH3-N,pond-interior vegetation cover( VEGinterior),emergent vegetation cover( EMER),pond-edge vegetation cover( VEGedge),benthic fauna predators( PRE),and pond area( AREA) were selected as habitat variables. At the landscape level,total area of ponds( AP),distance to the nearest road( DR),total area of farmlands( AF),total area of woodlands( AW),Shannon's diversity index( SHDI),and contagion index( CONTAG) were selected as explanatory variables,calculated within a buffer of 250,500,1000 and 2000 m around the centroid of each pond. The results showed that the distribution of Bufo gargarizans was mainly related to the PRE and landscape variables within the larger radius buffer zone( AW2000,DR2000,SHDI1000,CONTAG1000). The distribution of Pelophylax nigromaculata was closely related to the EMER and landscape variables within the smaller radius buffer zone( SHDI500). VEGinteriorand PRE were the key factors determining the distribution of Pelophylax plancyi. Landscape variables( AF2000,SHDI2000) within the larger buffer radius were the most significant influencing factors on Fejervarya multistriata. For all amphibian species,the EMER and SHDI500 were variables that should be considered. For the protection of amphibian species in plain agricultural landscape,we suggested that conservation efforts should focus on improving the pond-interior vegetation cover,protecting the semi-permanent ponds,and enhancing the functional connectivity among ponds.
引文
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[17]Yu F-L(于凤兰),Lu Y-Y(陆宇燕).On the status of threatened Chinese endemic amphibians.Sichuan Journal of Zoology(四川动物),2006,25(2):323-325(in Chinese)
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[23]Lai R(赖仞),Zhao Y(赵宇),Liu H(刘衡),et al.Bioactive substance of amphibian skin and a study on exploitation and utilization of Chinese amphibian resources.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2002,23(1):65-70(in Chinese)
[24]Chang X-X(常晓嫒),Xia Y(夏云),Zeng X-M(曾晓茂).Application of ND-FISH in amphibians.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2013,34(6):610-616(in Chinese)
[25]Lu J-Q(路纪琪),Lyu J-Q(吕九全),Qu W-Y(瞿文元).Cluster analysis on the geographical distribution of amphibians in Henan Province.Sichuan Journal of Zoology(四川动物),1999,18(3):137-138(in Chinese)
[26]Smith MA,Green DM.Dispersal and the metapopulation paradigm in amphibian ecology and conservation:Are all amphibian populations metapopulations?Ecography,2005,28:110-128
[27]Houlahan JE,Keddy PA,Makkay K,et al.The effects of adjacent land use on wetland species richness and community composition.Wetlands,2006,26:79-96
[28]GagnéSA,Fahrig L.Effect of landscape context on anuran communities in breeding ponds in the National Capital Region,Canada.Landscape Ecology,2007,22:205-215
[29]Grueber CE,Nakagawa S,Laws RJ,et al.Multimodel inference in ecology and evolution:Challenges and solutions.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2011,24:699-711
[30]Lane SJ,Hamer AJ,Mahony MJ.Habitat correlates of five amphibian species and of species-richness in a wetland system in New South Wales,Australia.Applied Herpetology,2006,4:65-82
[31]Hamer AJ,Mcdonnell MJ.Amphibian ecology and conservation in the urbanising world:A review.Biological Conservation,2008,141:2432-2449
[32]Silva FR,Gibbs JP,Rossa-Feres DC.An experimental assessment of landscape configuration effects on frog and toad abundance and diversity in tropical agro-savannah landscapes of southeastern Brazil.Landscape Ecology,2012,27:87-96
[33]Hecnar SJ,M’Closkey RT.The effects of predatory fish on amphibian species richness and distribution.Biological Conservation,1997,79:123-131
[34]Blevins E,With KA.Landscape context matters:Local habitat and landscape effects on the abundance and patch occupancy of collared lizards in managed grasslands.Landscape Ecology,2011,26:837-850
[35]Van Buskirk J.Specific induced responses to different predator species in anuran larvae.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2001,14:482-489
[36]Ribeiro R,Carretero MA,Sillero N,et al.The pond network:Can structural connectivity reflect on(amphibian)biodiversity patterns?Landscape Ecology,2011,26:673-682
[37]Silva FRD,Rossa-Feres DDC.Influence of terrestrial habitat isolation on the diversity and temporal distribution of anurans in an agricultural landscape.Journal of Tropical Ecology,2011,27:327-331
[38]Collins SJ,Fahrig L.Responses of anurans to composition and configuration of agricultural landscapes.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2017,239:399-409
[2]Liu Y-H(刘云慧),Li L-T(李良涛),Yu Z-R(宇振荣).Landscape planning approaches for biodiversity conservation agriculture.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(11):2538-2543(in Chinese)
[3]Becker CG,Fonseca CR,Haddad CFB,et al.Habitat split and the global decline of amphibians.Science,318:1775-1777
[4]Van Buskirk J.Local and landscape influence on amphibian occurrence and abundance.Ecology,2005,86:1936-1947
[5]Zhang L(张丽),Liang G-F(梁国付),Guo H-J(郭豪杰),et al.Effects of landscape heterogeneity on the availability of amphibians’habitats in agricultural region on the lower reaches of the Yellow River,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(7):2154-2160(in Chinese)
[6]Couto AP,Ferreira E,Torres RT,et al.Local and landscape drivers of pond-breeding amphibian diversity at the northern edge of the Mediterranean.Herpetologica,2017,73:10-17
[7]Ribeiro J,Colli GR,Batista R,et al.Landscape and local correlates with anuran taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic diversity in rice crops.Landscape Ecology,2017,32:1599-1612
[8]Knutson MG,Richardson WB,Reineke DM,et al.Agricultural ponds support amphibian populations.Ecological Applications,2008,14:669-684
[9]Prado VH,Rossaferes DC.Multiple determinants of anuran richness and occurrence in an agricultural region in south-eastern Brazil.Environmental Management,2014,53:823-837
[10]Zhang W,Li B,Shu X,et al.Responses of anuran communities to rapid urban growth in Shanghai,China.Urban Forestry and Urban Greening,2016,20:365-374
[11]Li B(李贲),Zhang W(张伟),Shu X-X(束潇潇),et al.Distribution characteristic of amphibian in three typical habitats of rural Shanghai.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin(长江流域资源与环境),2017,26(6):824-831(in Chinese)
[12]Xie H-B(谢汉宾),Zhang W(张伟),Li B(李贲),et al.Construction technology of amphibian habitat and the evaluation of its effectiveness.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(8):2771-2777(in Chinese)
[13]Jeliazkov A,Chiron F,Garnier J,et al.Level-dependence of the relationships between amphibian biodiversity and environment in pond systems within an intensive agricultural landscape.Hydrobiologia,2014,723:7-23
[14]Signorelli L,Bastos RP,Marco PD,et al.Landscape context affects site occupancy of pond-breeding anurans across a disturbance gradient in the Brazilian Cerrado.Landscape Ecology,2016,31:1997-2012
[15]LI B,Zhang W,Shu X,et al.The Impacts of Urbanization on the distribution and body condition of the ricepaddy frog(Fejervarya multistriata)and gold-striped pond frog(Pelophylax plancyi)in Shanghai,China.Asian Herpetological Research,2016,7:200-209
[16]Shu X,Zhang W,Li B,et al.Major factors affecting the distribution of anuran communities in the urban,suburban and rural areas of Shanghai,China.Asian Herpetological Research,2016,7:287-294
[17]Yu F-L(于凤兰),Lu Y-Y(陆宇燕).On the status of threatened Chinese endemic amphibians.Sichuan Journal of Zoology(四川动物),2006,25(2):323-325(in Chinese)
[18]Wen T(温涛),Xie F(谢锋),Jiang J-P(江建平),et al.Biodiversity protection of the tailed amphibians in China and their nicknames.Reservoir Fisheries(水利渔业),2005,25(2):64-66(in Chinese)
[19]Qu W-Y(瞿文元),Lu J-Q(路纪琪).Herpetodiversity in Henan Province and conservation.Sichuan Journal of Zoology(四川动物),1998,17(2):81-82(in Chinese)
[20]Chen X-H(陈晓虹),Wang X-W(王新卫),Tao J(陶娟).A new subspecies of genus Tylototriton from China(Cuata:Salamandridae).Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica(动物分类学报),2010,35(3):666-670(in Chinese)
[21]Li Y-D(李益得),Yang D-D(杨道德).Distribution and protective measures of the Chinese endemic urodela.Sichuan Journal of Zoology(四川动物),2012,31(6):995-999(in Chinese)
[22]Pan X-F(潘晓赋),Zhou W(周伟),Zhou Y-W(周用武),et al.A summary of studies on amphibian population ecology in China.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2002,23(5):426-436(in Chinese)
[23]Lai R(赖仞),Zhao Y(赵宇),Liu H(刘衡),et al.Bioactive substance of amphibian skin and a study on exploitation and utilization of Chinese amphibian resources.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2002,23(1):65-70(in Chinese)
[24]Chang X-X(常晓嫒),Xia Y(夏云),Zeng X-M(曾晓茂).Application of ND-FISH in amphibians.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2013,34(6):610-616(in Chinese)
[25]Lu J-Q(路纪琪),Lyu J-Q(吕九全),Qu W-Y(瞿文元).Cluster analysis on the geographical distribution of amphibians in Henan Province.Sichuan Journal of Zoology(四川动物),1999,18(3):137-138(in Chinese)
[26]Smith MA,Green DM.Dispersal and the metapopulation paradigm in amphibian ecology and conservation:Are all amphibian populations metapopulations?Ecography,2005,28:110-128
[27]Houlahan JE,Keddy PA,Makkay K,et al.The effects of adjacent land use on wetland species richness and community composition.Wetlands,2006,26:79-96
[28]GagnéSA,Fahrig L.Effect of landscape context on anuran communities in breeding ponds in the National Capital Region,Canada.Landscape Ecology,2007,22:205-215
[29]Grueber CE,Nakagawa S,Laws RJ,et al.Multimodel inference in ecology and evolution:Challenges and solutions.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2011,24:699-711
[30]Lane SJ,Hamer AJ,Mahony MJ.Habitat correlates of five amphibian species and of species-richness in a wetland system in New South Wales,Australia.Applied Herpetology,2006,4:65-82
[31]Hamer AJ,Mcdonnell MJ.Amphibian ecology and conservation in the urbanising world:A review.Biological Conservation,2008,141:2432-2449
[32]Silva FR,Gibbs JP,Rossa-Feres DC.An experimental assessment of landscape configuration effects on frog and toad abundance and diversity in tropical agro-savannah landscapes of southeastern Brazil.Landscape Ecology,2012,27:87-96
[33]Hecnar SJ,M’Closkey RT.The effects of predatory fish on amphibian species richness and distribution.Biological Conservation,1997,79:123-131
[34]Blevins E,With KA.Landscape context matters:Local habitat and landscape effects on the abundance and patch occupancy of collared lizards in managed grasslands.Landscape Ecology,2011,26:837-850
[35]Van Buskirk J.Specific induced responses to different predator species in anuran larvae.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2001,14:482-489
[36]Ribeiro R,Carretero MA,Sillero N,et al.The pond network:Can structural connectivity reflect on(amphibian)biodiversity patterns?Landscape Ecology,2011,26:673-682
[37]Silva FRD,Rossa-Feres DDC.Influence of terrestrial habitat isolation on the diversity and temporal distribution of anurans in an agricultural landscape.Journal of Tropical Ecology,2011,27:327-331
[38]Collins SJ,Fahrig L.Responses of anurans to composition and configuration of agricultural landscapes.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2017,239:399-409