内蒙古赤峰少朗河成矿带黄花沟多金属矿床矿物组成与成因
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摘要
内蒙古赤峰地区少朗河成矿带受华北板块、西拉沐沦河断裂、赤峰-开源断裂以及嫩江断裂的影响,在中生代时期火山活动及成矿作用强烈且复杂。黄花沟矿床是少朗河成矿带中典型的Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床,矿体主要赋存在晚古生代与中生代的火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩中。根据空间产状可将矿体划分为2种类型:1)充填到火山口放射性裂隙中的脉状矿体;2)存在火山通道中的角砾状矿体。显微镜下鉴定、能谱及电子探针微区成分分析显示,该矿床主要矿石矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、硬锰矿等,此外尚有少量的菱锰矿、软锰矿、辉银矿和黄铜矿。主要蚀变矿物组合为石英-玉髓、冰长石-伊利石-绢云母、重晶石-萤石、菱铁矿-菱锰矿。矿石呈脉状、网脉状、条带状、浸染状、栉状、似层纹状及角砾状等构造类型,矿体与围岩之间多数为交代渐变关系,少数呈脉状充填。矿石矿物及蚀变围岩组合特点显示,该矿床具有低硫化型浅成低温热液矿床的矿化特点,结合前人成果,推测该矿床可能为浅成低温热液成因。
The Mesozoic volcanic activity and metallogenesis occurred strongly and complicatedly in the Shaolanghe metallogenic belt of the Chifeng area in Inner Mongolia, as the belt was influenced by the North China Plate, the Xilamulun River Fault, the Chifeng-Kaiyuan Fault and the Nenjiang Fault. The Huanghuagou deposit is a typical Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit in the Shaolanghe metallogenic belt. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic volcanic lavas and pyroclastic rocks. According to the spatial distribution, ore bodies of the deposit can be classified into two types: 1) The vein-type orebody filling into radial fissures/fractures in volcanic crater; 2)The breccia-type orebody existed in the volcanic vent. Microscopic observation, EDS and electron microprobe micro analysis(EPMA) show that main metallic minerals of the deposit include galena, sphalerite, pyrite, psilomelane, etc., with minor rhodochrosite, pyrolusite, argentite and chalcopyrite. The main alteration mineral assemblages are quartz-chalcedony, adularia-illite-sericite, barite-fluorite, and siderite-rhodochrosite. Ores have veining, stockwork,banded, disseminated, pectinating, lamellar and brecciated structures, etc. There is mainly metasomatic gradient relationship between orebodies and wallrocks, with minor crosscutting relation by the vein. The characteristics of metallic minerals and altered wall rocks show that the deposit is characterized with those of the low sulfidation epithermal deposit. Combining with previous achievements, it is inferred that the deposit may be of epithermal genesis.
The Mesozoic volcanic activity and metallogenesis occurred strongly and complicatedly in the Shaolanghe metallogenic belt of the Chifeng area in Inner Mongolia, as the belt was influenced by the North China Plate, the Xilamulun River Fault, the Chifeng-Kaiyuan Fault and the Nenjiang Fault. The Huanghuagou deposit is a typical Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit in the Shaolanghe metallogenic belt. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic volcanic lavas and pyroclastic rocks. According to the spatial distribution, ore bodies of the deposit can be classified into two types: 1) The vein-type orebody filling into radial fissures/fractures in volcanic crater; 2)The breccia-type orebody existed in the volcanic vent. Microscopic observation, EDS and electron microprobe micro analysis(EPMA) show that main metallic minerals of the deposit include galena, sphalerite, pyrite, psilomelane, etc., with minor rhodochrosite, pyrolusite, argentite and chalcopyrite. The main alteration mineral assemblages are quartz-chalcedony, adularia-illite-sericite, barite-fluorite, and siderite-rhodochrosite. Ores have veining, stockwork,banded, disseminated, pectinating, lamellar and brecciated structures, etc. There is mainly metasomatic gradient relationship between orebodies and wallrocks, with minor crosscutting relation by the vein. The characteristics of metallic minerals and altered wall rocks show that the deposit is characterized with those of the low sulfidation epithermal deposit. Combining with previous achievements, it is inferred that the deposit may be of epithermal genesis.
引文
[1]Corbett G J.Epithermal gold for explorationists[J].AIG Journal-Applied Geoscientific Practice and Research in Australia,2002,April:1-26.
[2]Hedenquist J W,Arribas R A,Gonzalez U E.Exploration for epithermal gold deposits[J].Re-views in Economic Geology,2000,13:245-277.
[3]曾庆栋,刘建明,张作伦,等.华北克拉通北缘西拉沐沦钼多金属成矿带钼矿化类型、特征及地球动力学背景[J].岩石学报,2009,25(05):1225-1238.
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[5]张彦生.内蒙古赤峰市翁牛特旗硐子矿区铅锌矿矿体特征及找矿标志[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2016(8):54-55+161.
[6]唐永章.内蒙古翁牛特旗硐子铅锌矿地质特征及矿床成因[J],内蒙古科技与经济,2013,(2):45-48.
[7]王春光,孙国胜,何欣,等.内蒙古翁牛特旗硐子铅锌矿床成矿流体性质与成因[J].世界地质,2017,36(4):1116-1123.
[8]内蒙古盛地矿业有限公司.翁牛特旗黄花沟铅锌矿详查报告[R].内蒙古盛地矿业有限公司,2015,8.
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[10]王艺云,唐菊兴,郑文宝,等.西藏隆子县扎西康锌多金属矿床矿石组构研究及成因探讨[J].地球学报,2012,33(4):681-692.
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[12]Deer W A,Howie R A,Zussman J.An introduction to the rock-forming minerals[J].Mineralogical Magazine,1992,36(277):150-151.
[13]赵国祥,刘立,曲希玉,等.砂岩中自生绢云母的成因及意义--以海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷乌19井为例[J].吉林地质,2010,29(1):12-17.
[14]张雪彤.中低温成矿过程的锰镁碳酸盐矿物化学动力学与矿物成因[J].矿床地质,2007,26(6):666-675.
[15]杨玉春,高飞,赵桂芳.三种锰硅酸盐矿物的鉴别及其研究意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1996(2):186-190.
[16]赵天蓝.云南鹤庆蜡硅锰矿的矿物学特征[J].矿物岩石,1992(3):13-16.
[17]曹恩魁.陕西屈家山,栗子垭蜡硅锰矿矿物特征研究[J].地质实验室,1996(6):351-353.
[18]Zhang R,Zhang X,Hu S.The role of vapor in the transportation of tin in hydrothermal systems:Experimental and case study of the Dachang deposit,China[J].Journal of Volcanology&Geothermal Research,2008,173(3):313-324.
[19]Canet C,Franco S I,Prol-Ledesma R M,et al.A model of boiling for fluid inclusion studies:Application to the Bola?os Ag-Au-Pb-Zn epithermal deposit,Western Mexico[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2011,110(2):118-125.
[20]Simon G,Kesler S E,Russell N,et al.Epithermal gold mineralization in an old volcanic arc;the Jacinto Deposit,Camagueey District,Cuba[J].Economic Geology,1999,94(4):487-506.
[21]Wei Y,Chen W.Physicochemical conditions during the formation of Dalingkou Ag-Pb-Zn deposit,Zhejiang Province[J].Acta Geochimica,1993,12(3):252-260.
[22]魏元柏,赵宇.浙东地区银铅锌矿床菱锰矿的形成与银的矿化关系初探[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1996(4):717-721.
[23]Hedenquist J W,松久,幸敬.Volcanic-related hydrothermal systems in the Circum-Pacific Basin and their potential for mineralisation.[J].Mining Geology,1987,37:347-364.
[24]White N C,Hedenquist J W.Epithermal environments and styles of mineralization:Variations and their causes,and guidelines for exploration[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1990,36(1):445-474.
[25]Heald P.Comparative anatomy of volcanic-hosted epithermal deposits:Acid-sulfate and adularia-sericite types[J].Economic Geology,1987,8(1):1-26.
[26]Corbett G.Epithermal gold for explorationists[J].AIG Journal-Applied GeoscientificPractice and Research in Australia,2002,April:1-26.
[27]Taylor B E.Epithermal gold deposits[A].Goodfellow WD.,ed.,Mineral Deposits of Canada:A Synthesis of Major Deposit-Types,District Metallogeny,the Evolution of Geological Provinces,and Exploration Methods:Geological Association of Canada,Mineral Deposits Division,Special Publication[C].2007,5:113-139.
[28]李碧乐,张晗.浅成低温热液型金矿床研究的某些进展[J].矿物学报,2010,30(1):90-97.
[29]Kouhestani H,Ghaderi M,Meffre S,et al.Geological setting and timing of the Chah Zard breccia-hosted epithermal gold-silver deposit in the Tethyan belt of Iran[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47(4):425-440.
[30]Sillitoe R,Hedenquist J.Linkages between volcanotectonic settings,ore-fluid compositions,and epithermal precious-metal deposits[A].Volcanic,geothermal and ore-forming fluids:Rulers and witnesses of processes within the Earth[M].2003:315-343.
[31]陈根文,夏斌,肖振宇,等.浅成低温热液矿床特征及在我国的找矿方向[J].地质与资源,2001,10(3):165-171.
[32]江思宏,聂凤军,张义,等.浅成低温热液型金矿床研究最新进展[J].地学前缘,2004,11(2):401-411.
[33]Hedenquist J W.Exploration for epithermal gold deposits[M]//Gold 2000.2000:245-277.
[34]Saunders J A.Silica and gold textures in bonanza ores of the Sleeper deposits,Humboldt County,Nevada:evidence for colloids and implications for epithermal ore-forming processes[J].Economic Geology,1994,89(3):628-638.
[35]张元厚,毛景文,李宗彦,等.岩浆热液系统中矿床类型、特征及其在勘探中的应用[J].地质学报,2009,83(3):399-425.
[36]Pirajno F.Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits:Principles and Fundamental Concepts for the Exploration Geologist[J].Rejuvenation Research,1992,15(3):439-40.
[37]Plumb.Wooldridge memorial lecture.The European Parliament and the European veterinarian.[J].Veterinary Record,1989,125(15):387-90.
[2]Hedenquist J W,Arribas R A,Gonzalez U E.Exploration for epithermal gold deposits[J].Re-views in Economic Geology,2000,13:245-277.
[3]曾庆栋,刘建明,张作伦,等.华北克拉通北缘西拉沐沦钼多金属成矿带钼矿化类型、特征及地球动力学背景[J].岩石学报,2009,25(05):1225-1238.
[4]孙兴国,刘建明,覃锋,et al.大兴安岭成矿研究新进展--西拉木伦河南岸Mo多金属成矿带的发现[J].中国矿业,2008,17(2):75-77.
[5]张彦生.内蒙古赤峰市翁牛特旗硐子矿区铅锌矿矿体特征及找矿标志[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2016(8):54-55+161.
[6]唐永章.内蒙古翁牛特旗硐子铅锌矿地质特征及矿床成因[J],内蒙古科技与经济,2013,(2):45-48.
[7]王春光,孙国胜,何欣,等.内蒙古翁牛特旗硐子铅锌矿床成矿流体性质与成因[J].世界地质,2017,36(4):1116-1123.
[8]内蒙古盛地矿业有限公司.翁牛特旗黄花沟铅锌矿详查报告[R].内蒙古盛地矿业有限公司,2015,8.
[9]郗爱华,葛玉辉,路孝平,王挽琼,等.赤峰市幅1:25万区域地质调查报告[G],2014,12
[10]王艺云,唐菊兴,郑文宝,等.西藏隆子县扎西康锌多金属矿床矿石组构研究及成因探讨[J].地球学报,2012,33(4):681-692.
[11]吴惠群.实用宝玉石学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994.
[12]Deer W A,Howie R A,Zussman J.An introduction to the rock-forming minerals[J].Mineralogical Magazine,1992,36(277):150-151.
[13]赵国祥,刘立,曲希玉,等.砂岩中自生绢云母的成因及意义--以海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷乌19井为例[J].吉林地质,2010,29(1):12-17.
[14]张雪彤.中低温成矿过程的锰镁碳酸盐矿物化学动力学与矿物成因[J].矿床地质,2007,26(6):666-675.
[15]杨玉春,高飞,赵桂芳.三种锰硅酸盐矿物的鉴别及其研究意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1996(2):186-190.
[16]赵天蓝.云南鹤庆蜡硅锰矿的矿物学特征[J].矿物岩石,1992(3):13-16.
[17]曹恩魁.陕西屈家山,栗子垭蜡硅锰矿矿物特征研究[J].地质实验室,1996(6):351-353.
[18]Zhang R,Zhang X,Hu S.The role of vapor in the transportation of tin in hydrothermal systems:Experimental and case study of the Dachang deposit,China[J].Journal of Volcanology&Geothermal Research,2008,173(3):313-324.
[19]Canet C,Franco S I,Prol-Ledesma R M,et al.A model of boiling for fluid inclusion studies:Application to the Bola?os Ag-Au-Pb-Zn epithermal deposit,Western Mexico[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2011,110(2):118-125.
[20]Simon G,Kesler S E,Russell N,et al.Epithermal gold mineralization in an old volcanic arc;the Jacinto Deposit,Camagueey District,Cuba[J].Economic Geology,1999,94(4):487-506.
[21]Wei Y,Chen W.Physicochemical conditions during the formation of Dalingkou Ag-Pb-Zn deposit,Zhejiang Province[J].Acta Geochimica,1993,12(3):252-260.
[22]魏元柏,赵宇.浙东地区银铅锌矿床菱锰矿的形成与银的矿化关系初探[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1996(4):717-721.
[23]Hedenquist J W,松久,幸敬.Volcanic-related hydrothermal systems in the Circum-Pacific Basin and their potential for mineralisation.[J].Mining Geology,1987,37:347-364.
[24]White N C,Hedenquist J W.Epithermal environments and styles of mineralization:Variations and their causes,and guidelines for exploration[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1990,36(1):445-474.
[25]Heald P.Comparative anatomy of volcanic-hosted epithermal deposits:Acid-sulfate and adularia-sericite types[J].Economic Geology,1987,8(1):1-26.
[26]Corbett G.Epithermal gold for explorationists[J].AIG Journal-Applied GeoscientificPractice and Research in Australia,2002,April:1-26.
[27]Taylor B E.Epithermal gold deposits[A].Goodfellow WD.,ed.,Mineral Deposits of Canada:A Synthesis of Major Deposit-Types,District Metallogeny,the Evolution of Geological Provinces,and Exploration Methods:Geological Association of Canada,Mineral Deposits Division,Special Publication[C].2007,5:113-139.
[28]李碧乐,张晗.浅成低温热液型金矿床研究的某些进展[J].矿物学报,2010,30(1):90-97.
[29]Kouhestani H,Ghaderi M,Meffre S,et al.Geological setting and timing of the Chah Zard breccia-hosted epithermal gold-silver deposit in the Tethyan belt of Iran[J].Mineralium Deposita,2012,47(4):425-440.
[30]Sillitoe R,Hedenquist J.Linkages between volcanotectonic settings,ore-fluid compositions,and epithermal precious-metal deposits[A].Volcanic,geothermal and ore-forming fluids:Rulers and witnesses of processes within the Earth[M].2003:315-343.
[31]陈根文,夏斌,肖振宇,等.浅成低温热液矿床特征及在我国的找矿方向[J].地质与资源,2001,10(3):165-171.
[32]江思宏,聂凤军,张义,等.浅成低温热液型金矿床研究最新进展[J].地学前缘,2004,11(2):401-411.
[33]Hedenquist J W.Exploration for epithermal gold deposits[M]//Gold 2000.2000:245-277.
[34]Saunders J A.Silica and gold textures in bonanza ores of the Sleeper deposits,Humboldt County,Nevada:evidence for colloids and implications for epithermal ore-forming processes[J].Economic Geology,1994,89(3):628-638.
[35]张元厚,毛景文,李宗彦,等.岩浆热液系统中矿床类型、特征及其在勘探中的应用[J].地质学报,2009,83(3):399-425.
[36]Pirajno F.Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits:Principles and Fundamental Concepts for the Exploration Geologist[J].Rejuvenation Research,1992,15(3):439-40.
[37]Plumb.Wooldridge memorial lecture.The European Parliament and the European veterinarian.[J].Veterinary Record,1989,125(15):387-90.
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