黄河下游河道洪水期输沙规律研究
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摘要
利用1960—2010年黄河下游304场次洪水实测水沙资料,以小浪底站为黄河下游河道进口控制站,以花园口、高村、艾山和利津4站为节点将黄河下游划分为4个河段,系统地研究了黄河下游洪水期河道水沙输移规律,分析了花园口、高村、艾山和利津4站输沙率与各自上站流量、含沙量和输沙率的关系。结果表明:黄河下游河道的下站输沙率与上站输沙率有很好的相关关系。在此基础上,进一步对小浪底场次洪水来沙系数进行分级,得到了分级来沙系数的下站输沙率与上站输沙率的相关关系。采用建立的下站输沙率与上站输沙率关系式计算得到的黄河下游各河段冲淤量和冲淤过程与实测资料符合很好,具有较高的精确度。利用建立的关系式可以方便地预测未来黄河下游河道洪水期不同河段冲淤量,快速判断场次洪水对黄河下游河道冲淤的影响。
Based on the measured data of flow and sediment of 304 floods from 1960 to 2010 in the lower Yellow River, the study on the regularity of flow-sediment movement during floods in the lower Yellow River was presented. The lower Yellow River was divided into four sections by the four hydrological stations(Huayuankou, Gaocun, Aishan and Lijin). The relationship between sediment transport rate at the four stations and the flow discharge, sediment concentration and sediment transport rate at their nearest upper station was analyzed. The results show that the sediment transport rate at a given station has a good relationship with that at its closest upper station. The finer relationship of sediment transport rate between a given station and its nearest upper station based on the grading of sediment coming coefficient(Q/S) at Xiaolangdi Station is further obtained. The calculated sedimentation amount for each section of the lower Yellow River by using the proposed relationship in this paper agrees well with the measured data. The relationship established in this paper can be easily used to estimate the sedimentation in the lower Yellow River during floods, which is significant for quickly evaluating the effect of reservoir operation upstream on river bed variation in the lower Yellow River.
Based on the measured data of flow and sediment of 304 floods from 1960 to 2010 in the lower Yellow River, the study on the regularity of flow-sediment movement during floods in the lower Yellow River was presented. The lower Yellow River was divided into four sections by the four hydrological stations(Huayuankou, Gaocun, Aishan and Lijin). The relationship between sediment transport rate at the four stations and the flow discharge, sediment concentration and sediment transport rate at their nearest upper station was analyzed. The results show that the sediment transport rate at a given station has a good relationship with that at its closest upper station. The finer relationship of sediment transport rate between a given station and its nearest upper station based on the grading of sediment coming coefficient(Q/S) at Xiaolangdi Station is further obtained. The calculated sedimentation amount for each section of the lower Yellow River by using the proposed relationship in this paper agrees well with the measured data. The relationship established in this paper can be easily used to estimate the sedimentation in the lower Yellow River during floods, which is significant for quickly evaluating the effect of reservoir operation upstream on river bed variation in the lower Yellow River.
引文
[1] 胡春宏,张治昊.黄河下游漫滩洪水造床机理与水沙调控指标研究[J].中国科学:技术科学,2015,45(10):1043-1051.
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[4] 刘继祥,郜国明,曾芹,等.黄河下游河道冲淤特性研究[J].人民黄河,2000,22(8):11-12.
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[6] 李远发,朱彩萍,朱超,等.大洪水时黄河下游河道冲淤规律[J].人民黄河,2010,32(12):35-37.
[7] 吴保生,张艳艳.基于BP网络的场次洪水冲淤量计算[J].泥沙研究,2011(1):10-16.
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[9] 张晓雷,夏军强,王增辉,等.不同量级洪水对黄河下游游荡段冲淤变化的影响[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(6):74-83.
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[11] 李小平,刘晓燕,李勇.黄河下游河道未来冲淤趋势研究[J].人民黄河,2016,38(9):1-7.
[12] 许炯心.黄河下游洪水的泥沙输移特征[J].水科学进展,2002,13(5):562-568.
[13] 许炯心.水沙条件对黄河下游河道输沙功能的影响[J].地理科学,2004,24(3):275-280.
[14] 梁志勇,刘继祥,张厚军.黄河下游河道洪水冲淤临界水沙条件的研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004,2(2):146-150.
[15] 费祥俊.黄河下游低含沙洪水的冲淤特性兼论艾山—利津河段不淤临界流量[J].泥沙研究,2005(4):30-34.
[16] 李小平,李文学,李勇,等.水库拦沙期黄河下游洪水冲刷效率调整分析[J].水科学进展,2007,18(1):44-51.
[17] 严军,王艳华,王俊,等.黄河下游水沙条件对河道冲淤的影响[J].人民黄河,2009,31(3):17-19.
[18] 许炯心.黄河下游洪水的输沙效率及其与水沙组合和河床形态的关系[J].泥沙研究,2009(4):45-50.
[19] 赵华侠,陈建国,陈建武,等.黄河下游洪水期输沙用水量与河道泥沙冲淤分析[J].泥沙研究,1997(3):57-61.
[20] 许炯心.黄河下游高效输沙洪水研究[J].泥沙研究,2009(6):56-61.
[21] NI Jinren,LIU Xiaoyong,LI Tianhong,et al.Efficiency of Sediment Transport by Flood and Its Control in the Lower Yellow River[J].Science in China Ser.E Engineering & Materials Science,2004,47(增刊1):173-185.
[22] 袁吉栋,邢红芳,李彦军,等.黄河下游河道冲淤平衡时输沙水量变化规律研究[J].水力发电,2009,35(7):14-16.
[23] 舒彩文,谈广鸣.河道冲淤量计算方法研究进展[J].泥沙研究,2009(4):68-73.
[24] 吴保生,申冠卿.来沙系数物理意义的探讨[J].人民黄河,2008,30(4):15-16.
[25] HU Chunhong,CHEN Jianguo,GUO Qingchao.Shaping and Maintaining a Medium-Sized Main Channel in the Lower Yellow River[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2012,27(3):259-270.
[26] 陈建国.黄河下游河道萎缩机理与基本输水输沙通道规模研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2013:54-76.
[2] 许炯心.黄河下游泥沙淤积的经验统计关系[J].地理研究,1997,16(1):23-30.
[3] 陈孝田,陈明非,宋晓景.黄河下游不同含沙量洪水对河道冲淤的影响[J].人民黄河,2000,22(11):13-14.
[4] 刘继祥,郜国明,曾芹,等.黄河下游河道冲淤特性研究[J].人民黄河,2000,22(8):11-12.
[5] 石伟,王光谦,邵学军.流量变化对黄河下游河道演变影响[J].水利学报,2003,34(5):74-77.
[6] 李远发,朱彩萍,朱超,等.大洪水时黄河下游河道冲淤规律[J].人民黄河,2010,32(12):35-37.
[7] 吴保生,张艳艳.基于BP网络的场次洪水冲淤量计算[J].泥沙研究,2011(1):10-16.
[8] 黄烈敏.黄河下游洪水输水输沙和河道冲淤特性的研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2012:26-55.
[9] 张晓雷,夏军强,王增辉,等.不同量级洪水对黄河下游游荡段冲淤变化的影响[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(6):74-83.
[10] GUO Shaolei,SUN Dongpo,JIANG Enhui ,et al.Equilibrium Sediment Transport in Lower Yellow River During Later Sediment-Retaining Period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir[J].Water Science and Engineering,2015,8(1):78-84.
[11] 李小平,刘晓燕,李勇.黄河下游河道未来冲淤趋势研究[J].人民黄河,2016,38(9):1-7.
[12] 许炯心.黄河下游洪水的泥沙输移特征[J].水科学进展,2002,13(5):562-568.
[13] 许炯心.水沙条件对黄河下游河道输沙功能的影响[J].地理科学,2004,24(3):275-280.
[14] 梁志勇,刘继祥,张厚军.黄河下游河道洪水冲淤临界水沙条件的研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004,2(2):146-150.
[15] 费祥俊.黄河下游低含沙洪水的冲淤特性兼论艾山—利津河段不淤临界流量[J].泥沙研究,2005(4):30-34.
[16] 李小平,李文学,李勇,等.水库拦沙期黄河下游洪水冲刷效率调整分析[J].水科学进展,2007,18(1):44-51.
[17] 严军,王艳华,王俊,等.黄河下游水沙条件对河道冲淤的影响[J].人民黄河,2009,31(3):17-19.
[18] 许炯心.黄河下游洪水的输沙效率及其与水沙组合和河床形态的关系[J].泥沙研究,2009(4):45-50.
[19] 赵华侠,陈建国,陈建武,等.黄河下游洪水期输沙用水量与河道泥沙冲淤分析[J].泥沙研究,1997(3):57-61.
[20] 许炯心.黄河下游高效输沙洪水研究[J].泥沙研究,2009(6):56-61.
[21] NI Jinren,LIU Xiaoyong,LI Tianhong,et al.Efficiency of Sediment Transport by Flood and Its Control in the Lower Yellow River[J].Science in China Ser.E Engineering & Materials Science,2004,47(增刊1):173-185.
[22] 袁吉栋,邢红芳,李彦军,等.黄河下游河道冲淤平衡时输沙水量变化规律研究[J].水力发电,2009,35(7):14-16.
[23] 舒彩文,谈广鸣.河道冲淤量计算方法研究进展[J].泥沙研究,2009(4):68-73.
[24] 吴保生,申冠卿.来沙系数物理意义的探讨[J].人民黄河,2008,30(4):15-16.
[25] HU Chunhong,CHEN Jianguo,GUO Qingchao.Shaping and Maintaining a Medium-Sized Main Channel in the Lower Yellow River[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2012,27(3):259-270.
[26] 陈建国.黄河下游河道萎缩机理与基本输水输沙通道规模研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2013:54-76.