施氮处理下植物光合对沙质草地土壤呼吸的调控作用
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摘要
本研究以科尔沁沙质草地为对象,探讨施氮对沙质草地土壤CO_2排放影响的光合调控机制.结果表明:施氮可通过增加地上植物光合改变输送到地下的光合同化产物数量,进而对土壤呼吸速率产生调控作用.植物光合速率与土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关,施氮后二者拟合函数斜率由0.236降至0.161,拟合方程截距差值(0.51μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))与施氮后夜间土壤呼吸速率提升值(0.52μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))相近.5—10月,施氮后光合速率改变值(比率)与土壤呼吸变化值(比率)呈显著正相关,偏相关分析显示,施氮后光合速率的改变值是影响土壤呼吸速率变化的有效解释因素(P<0.05).夜间土壤呼吸速率变化仍与地上植被活动存在重要联系,日均生态系统总光合是影响夜间土壤呼吸速率变化(ΔR_s)的重要因素(P<0.01).植物光合而非温度条件是影响施氮后土壤呼吸速率变化的主要因素,因而,结合植物光合的同化产物控制途径为施氮对土壤呼吸影响机制研究提供新的重要补充.
We examined the role of photosynthesis in regulating soil CO_2 emission under nitrogen enrichment in Keerqin sandy grassland. Results showed that nitrogen(N) application could affect soil respiration rate by altering the allocation of photosynthetic products to the belowground. Gross ecosystem photosynthesis rate(GEP) was positively correlated with soil respiration rate(R_s). Nitrogen application reduced slope of the fitting function from 0.236 to 0.161, with the equation intercept difference(0.51 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)) being similar to the nighttime soil respiration rate increment(0.52 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)). From May to October, the difference of photosynthetic rate(differential ratio) caused by nitrogen application was significantly correlated with that of soil respiration(differential ratio). Results from partial correlation confirmed the essential role of photosynthetic rate difference(ΔGEP) in driving soil respiration rate difference(ΔR_s) caused by nitrogen application. In the nighttime, soil respiration rate was affected by the aboveground vegetation activities in daytime. The daily mean GEP was an important factor affecting the nighttime soil respiration rate difference(ΔR_s)(P<0.01). Photosynthesis, rather than soil temperature, was the main factor affecting soil respiration rate difference(ΔR_s) under nitrogen application. Thus, the role of photosynthetic assimilation-regulating may provide a novel supplement for elucidating the responses of soil respiration to nitrogen enrichment.
We examined the role of photosynthesis in regulating soil CO_2 emission under nitrogen enrichment in Keerqin sandy grassland. Results showed that nitrogen(N) application could affect soil respiration rate by altering the allocation of photosynthetic products to the belowground. Gross ecosystem photosynthesis rate(GEP) was positively correlated with soil respiration rate(R_s). Nitrogen application reduced slope of the fitting function from 0.236 to 0.161, with the equation intercept difference(0.51 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)) being similar to the nighttime soil respiration rate increment(0.52 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)). From May to October, the difference of photosynthetic rate(differential ratio) caused by nitrogen application was significantly correlated with that of soil respiration(differential ratio). Results from partial correlation confirmed the essential role of photosynthetic rate difference(ΔGEP) in driving soil respiration rate difference(ΔR_s) caused by nitrogen application. In the nighttime, soil respiration rate was affected by the aboveground vegetation activities in daytime. The daily mean GEP was an important factor affecting the nighttime soil respiration rate difference(ΔR_s)(P<0.01). Photosynthesis, rather than soil temperature, was the main factor affecting soil respiration rate difference(ΔR_s) under nitrogen application. Thus, the role of photosynthetic assimilation-regulating may provide a novel supplement for elucidating the responses of soil respiration to nitrogen enrichment.
引文
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[24] Raich JW,Tufekcioglu A.Vegetation and soil respiration:Correlations and controls.Biogeochemistry,2000,48:71-90
[25] Tang JW,Baldocch D,Xu LK.Tree photosynthesis modulates soil respiration on a diurnal time scale.Global Change Biology,2005,11:1298-1304
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[27] Dentener F,Drevet J,Lamarque JF,et al.Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales:A multimodel evaluation.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2006,20:doi:10.1029/2005gb002672
[28] Reid JP,Adair EC,Hobbie SE.Biodiversity,nitrogen deposition,and CO2 affect grassland soil carbon cycling but not storage.Ecosystems,2012,15:580-590
[29] Kuzyakov Y,Cheng W.Photosynthesis controls of CO2 efflux from maize rhizosphere.Plant and Soil,2004,263:85-99
[30] Gomez-Casanovas N,Matamala R,Cook DR,et al.Net ecosystem exchange modifies the relationship between the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration with abiotic factors in prairie grasslands.Global Change Biology,2012,18:2532-2545
[31] Yan LM,Chen SP,Huang JH,et al.Water regulated effects of photosynthetic substrate supply on soil respiration in a semiarid steppe.Global Change Biology,2011,17:1990-2001
[32] Huang X (黄湘),Li W-H (李卫红),Ma J-X (马建新),et al.Influence of photosynthesis on soil respiration rates for Populus euphratica in different light conditions in arid environments.Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠),2011,31(5):1167-1173 (in Chinese)
[33] Han GX,Luo YQ,Li DJ,et al.Ecosystem photosynthesis regulates soil respiration on a diurnal scale with a short-term time lag in a coastal wetland.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,68:85-94
[34] Zhong Q-C (仲启铖),Guan Y-Z (关阅章),Liu Q (刘倩),et al.Effects of water table manipulation on the soil respiration in a reclaimed tidal wetland at Dongtan of Chongming Island,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2013,24(8):2141-2150 (in Chinese)
[35] Knowles JF,Blanken PD,Williams MW.Soil respiration variability across a soil moisture and vegetation community gradient within a snow-scoured alpine mea-dow.Biogeochemistry,2015,125:185-202
[36] Lin L-T (林力涛),Sun X-K (孙学凯),Hu Y-L (胡亚林),et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2015,34(6):1614-1621 (in Chinese)
[37] Deng D-Z (邓东周),Fan Z-P (范志平),et al.Influen-ces of soil moisture on soil respiration.Forest Research (林业科学研究),2009,22(5):722-727 (in Chinese)
[38] Fereidooni M,Raiesi F,Fallah S.Ecological restoration of soil respiration,microbial biomass and enzyme activities through broiler litter application in a calcareous soil cropped with silage maize.Ecological Engineering,2012,58:266-277
[39] Schindlbacher A,Zechmeister-Boltenstern S,Jandl R.Carbon losses due to soil warming:Do autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration respond equally?Global Change Biology,2009,15:901-913
[40] Wang XY,Zhao XY,Li YL,et al.Responses of soil respiration to simulated precipitation and nitrogen,phosphorus additions in Horqin sandy land of northeastern.Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2013,22:1463-1471
[41] Carreiro MM,Sinsabaugh RL,Repert DA,et al.Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses to simulated nitrogen deposition.Ecology,2000,81:2359-2365
[2] Lal R.Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security.Science,2004,304:1623-1626
[3] Waring RH,McDonald AJS,Larsson S,et al.Diffe-rences in chemical-composition of plants grown at constant relative growth-rates with stable mineral-nutrition.Oecologia,1985,66:157-160
[4] LeBauer DS,Treseder KK.Nitrogen limitation of net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems is globally distributed.Ecology,2008,89:371-379
[5] Liu LL,Greaver TL.A global perspective on belowground carbon dynamics under nitrogen enrichment.Ecology Letters,2010,13:819-828
[6] Lin L-T (林力涛),Sun X-K (孙学凯),Yu Z-Y (于占源),et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on microbial respiration and root respiration in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(7):2189-2196 (in Chinese)
[7] Zhu C,Ma Y,Wu H,et al.Divergent effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a semiarid grassland.Scientific Reports,2016,6:doi:10.1038/srep33541
[8] He Y-L (贺云龙),Qi Y-C (齐玉春),Peng Q (彭琴),et al.Effects of exogenous carbon and nitrogen addition on the key process of carbon cycle in grassland ecosystem:A review.China Environmental Science (中国环境科学),2018,38(3):1133-1141 (in Chinese)
[9] Kuzyakov Y,Gavrichkova O.Time lag between photosynthesis and carbon dioxide efflux from soil:A review of mechanisms and controls.Global Change Biology,2010,16:3386-3406
[10] Frey SD,Ollinger S,Nadelhoffer K,et al.Chronic nitrogen additions suppress decomposition and sequester soil carbon in temperate forests.Biogeochemistry,2014,121:305-316
[11] H?gberg P,Singh B,L?fvenius MO,et al.Partitioning of soil respiration into its autotrophic and heterotrophic components by means of tree-girdling in old boreal spruce forest.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,257:1764-1767
[12] Bahn M,Rodeghiero M,Anderson-Dunn M,et al.Soil respiration in European grasslands in relation to climate and assimilate supply.Ecosystems,2008,11:1352-1367
[13] Jing Y-L (井艳丽),Guan D-X (关德新),Wu J-B (吴家兵),et al.Research progress on photosynthesis regulating and controlling soil respiration.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2013,24:269-276 (in Chinese)
[14] Zhang L (张莉),Wang J (王婧),Pang H-C (逄焕成),et al.Effects of short-term granulated straw incorporation on grain yield and soil respiration in a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(2):565-572 (in Chinese)
[15] Kuzyakov Y,Cheng W.Photosynthesis controls of CO2 efflux from maize rhizosphere.Plant and Soil,2004,263:85-99
[16] Yu Z-Y (于占源),Zeng D-H (曾德慧),Jiang F-Q (姜凤岐),et al.Responses of key carbon cycling processes to the addition of water and fertilizers to sandy grassland in semiarid region.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2006,28(4):45-50 (in Chinese)
[17] Sun X-K (孙学凯),Lin L-T (林力涛),Yu Z-Y (于占源),et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on ecosystem carbon exchange in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2019,38(1):104-112 (in Chinese)
[18] Sampson DA,Janssens IA,Yuste JC,et al.Basal rates of soil respiration are correlated with photosynthesis in a mixed temperate forest.Global Change Biology,2007,13:2008-2017
[19] Huang N,Niu Z,Zhan Y,et al.Relationships between soil respiration and photosynthesis-related spectral vegetation indices in two cropland ecosystems.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2012,160:80-89
[20] Carreiro MM,Sinsabaugh RL,Repert DA,et al.Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses to simulated nitrogen deposition.Ecology,2000,81:2359-2365
[21] Ramirez KS,Craine JM,Fierer N.Nitrogen fertilization inhibits soil microbial respiration regardless of the form of nitrogen applied.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42:2336-2338
[22] Lin L-T (林力涛),Sun X-K (孙学凯),Lei Q (雷倩),et al.The role of ecosystem photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic conditions in regulating soil respiration in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2018,37(7):2107-2113 (in Chinese)
[23] Li J-M (李建敏),Ding W-X (丁维新),Cai Z-C (蔡祖聪).Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration during maize growth season.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2010,21(8):2025-2030 (in Chinese)
[24] Raich JW,Tufekcioglu A.Vegetation and soil respiration:Correlations and controls.Biogeochemistry,2000,48:71-90
[25] Tang JW,Baldocch D,Xu LK.Tree photosynthesis modulates soil respiration on a diurnal time scale.Global Change Biology,2005,11:1298-1304
[26] Cox PM,Betts RA,Jones CD,et al.Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model.Nature,2000,408:184-187
[27] Dentener F,Drevet J,Lamarque JF,et al.Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales:A multimodel evaluation.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2006,20:doi:10.1029/2005gb002672
[28] Reid JP,Adair EC,Hobbie SE.Biodiversity,nitrogen deposition,and CO2 affect grassland soil carbon cycling but not storage.Ecosystems,2012,15:580-590
[29] Kuzyakov Y,Cheng W.Photosynthesis controls of CO2 efflux from maize rhizosphere.Plant and Soil,2004,263:85-99
[30] Gomez-Casanovas N,Matamala R,Cook DR,et al.Net ecosystem exchange modifies the relationship between the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration with abiotic factors in prairie grasslands.Global Change Biology,2012,18:2532-2545
[31] Yan LM,Chen SP,Huang JH,et al.Water regulated effects of photosynthetic substrate supply on soil respiration in a semiarid steppe.Global Change Biology,2011,17:1990-2001
[32] Huang X (黄湘),Li W-H (李卫红),Ma J-X (马建新),et al.Influence of photosynthesis on soil respiration rates for Populus euphratica in different light conditions in arid environments.Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠),2011,31(5):1167-1173 (in Chinese)
[33] Han GX,Luo YQ,Li DJ,et al.Ecosystem photosynthesis regulates soil respiration on a diurnal scale with a short-term time lag in a coastal wetland.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,68:85-94
[34] Zhong Q-C (仲启铖),Guan Y-Z (关阅章),Liu Q (刘倩),et al.Effects of water table manipulation on the soil respiration in a reclaimed tidal wetland at Dongtan of Chongming Island,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2013,24(8):2141-2150 (in Chinese)
[35] Knowles JF,Blanken PD,Williams MW.Soil respiration variability across a soil moisture and vegetation community gradient within a snow-scoured alpine mea-dow.Biogeochemistry,2015,125:185-202
[36] Lin L-T (林力涛),Sun X-K (孙学凯),Hu Y-L (胡亚林),et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2015,34(6):1614-1621 (in Chinese)
[37] Deng D-Z (邓东周),Fan Z-P (范志平),et al.Influen-ces of soil moisture on soil respiration.Forest Research (林业科学研究),2009,22(5):722-727 (in Chinese)
[38] Fereidooni M,Raiesi F,Fallah S.Ecological restoration of soil respiration,microbial biomass and enzyme activities through broiler litter application in a calcareous soil cropped with silage maize.Ecological Engineering,2012,58:266-277
[39] Schindlbacher A,Zechmeister-Boltenstern S,Jandl R.Carbon losses due to soil warming:Do autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration respond equally?Global Change Biology,2009,15:901-913
[40] Wang XY,Zhao XY,Li YL,et al.Responses of soil respiration to simulated precipitation and nitrogen,phosphorus additions in Horqin sandy land of northeastern.Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2013,22:1463-1471
[41] Carreiro MM,Sinsabaugh RL,Repert DA,et al.Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses to simulated nitrogen deposition.Ecology,2000,81:2359-2365