广西近岸海域海水中石油类的分布特征及污染评价
|
摘要
根据2015-2017年对广西近岸海域表层海水中石油类的调查,分析了石油类的分布特征及其污染状况。结果显示,2015-2017年广西近岸海域表层海水中石油类含量范围分别为0.004～0.161 mg·L~(-1)、未检出(ND)-0.102 mg·L~(-1)、0.005～0.152 mg·L~(-1),平均浓度分别为0.038、0.028 mg·L~(-1)和0.030 mg·L~(-1)。与国内其他海域相比,广西近岸海域海水中石油类含量处于较低水平。季节变化上,2015年和2017年均表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,2016年表现为冬季>春季>夏季>秋季;年际变化上,2016年和2017年含量相当,但与2015年相比略有下降。石油类含量的高值区主要出现在近岸港湾,并呈现由近岸向湾外逐渐降低的趋势。石油类污染评价结果显示,2015-2017年,清洁水质所占比例由61%升到88%,表明广西近岸海域海水中受石油类污染程度较轻,石油类污染逐渐改善。
Based on the investigation of petroleum hydrocarbon(PH) in surface seawater of GuangXi coastal waters from 2015 to 2017, the distributions and pollution evaluation of PH were analyzed. The results showed that PH concentrations in surface seawater of GuangXi coastal waters from 2015 to 2017 ranged from 0.004 mg·L~(-1) to 0.161 mg·L~(-1), not-detected(ND) to 0.102 mg·L~(-1), and 0.005 mg·L~(-1)to 0.152 mg·L~(-1), with an average of 0.038 mg·L~(-1), 0.028 mg·L~(-1) and 0.030 mg·L~(-1), respectively. PH concentrations in Guangxi coastal waters were relatively low level compared with other regions in China. Seasonal PH concentrations varied as follows: summer> autumn>winter>spring in 2015 and 2017, while winter > spring > summer>autumn in 2016. Annual PH concentrations in 2016 and 2017 were approximately identical level, and higher than that in 2015. High PH concentrations mainly occurred in the coastal harbor area, exhibiting a decreased trend from coastal(inside) to offshore(outside) for the past three years. Results of PH pollution assessment showed that the proportion of clean water increased from 61% to 88% during the past three years, suggesting that the PH pollution status in seawater of Guangxi coastal waters was low level, and gradually improved.
Based on the investigation of petroleum hydrocarbon(PH) in surface seawater of GuangXi coastal waters from 2015 to 2017, the distributions and pollution evaluation of PH were analyzed. The results showed that PH concentrations in surface seawater of GuangXi coastal waters from 2015 to 2017 ranged from 0.004 mg·L~(-1) to 0.161 mg·L~(-1), not-detected(ND) to 0.102 mg·L~(-1), and 0.005 mg·L~(-1)to 0.152 mg·L~(-1), with an average of 0.038 mg·L~(-1), 0.028 mg·L~(-1) and 0.030 mg·L~(-1), respectively. PH concentrations in Guangxi coastal waters were relatively low level compared with other regions in China. Seasonal PH concentrations varied as follows: summer> autumn>winter>spring in 2015 and 2017, while winter > spring > summer>autumn in 2016. Annual PH concentrations in 2016 and 2017 were approximately identical level, and higher than that in 2015. High PH concentrations mainly occurred in the coastal harbor area, exhibiting a decreased trend from coastal(inside) to offshore(outside) for the past three years. Results of PH pollution assessment showed that the proportion of clean water increased from 61% to 88% during the past three years, suggesting that the PH pollution status in seawater of Guangxi coastal waters was low level, and gradually improved.
引文
[1] 翁蓁洲.福建中、东部沿海主要养殖贝类体内石油烃含量调查分析[J].渔业研究,2005(02):36-40.
[2] Gilde K,Pinckney J L.Sublethal Effects of Crude Oil on the Community Structure of Estuarine Phytoplankton[J].Estuaries and Coasts,2012,35(3):853-861.
[3] 许冬,杨海丽,于培松,等.北部湾东部沉积物中石油烃分布与累积[J].海洋通报,2016,35(1):81-87.
[4] 袁春光,王义刚,黄惠明,等.大亚湾芒洲岛海域移动溢油数值模拟研究[J].海洋通报,2014,33(6):659-667.
[5] Lyla S,Manokaran S,Khan A.Petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in continental shelf region of southeast coast of India[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2012,27(1):73-83.
[6] Ye B,Zhang Z,Mao T.Petroleum hydrocarbon in surficial sediment from rivers and canals in Tianjin,China.[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(1):140-149.
[7] 陈圆,青尚敏.广西北部湾海洋油污染影响与应急管理浅析[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(3):104-108.
[8] 广西壮族自治区海洋局.广西壮族自治区海洋环境质量公报[R].南宁,2015-2017.
[9] 杨斌,钟秋平,张晨晓,等.钦州湾海水中石油烃时空变化特征及其影响因素[J].海洋科学,2016,40(1):76-84.
[10] 李小维,黄子眉,方龙驹.广西防城港湾水环境质量现状与石油烃环境容量的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2010,29(3):310-315.
[11] 刘熊,程冬梅,叶朝放,等.广西北仑河口保护区近岸海域2012～2014年水质参数的变化[J].广西科学院学报,2015(2):89-93.
[12] 国家海洋局.GB17378.4-2007海水监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[13] GB3097-1997.国家海水质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[14] 刘亮,王菊英,胡莹莹,等.渤海近岸海域石油类污染变化趋势[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(1):88-93.
[15] 侯俊妮,张传松,石晓勇.北黄海石油烃含量的季节变化和分布特征[J].渔业科学进展,2011,32(5):121-125.
[16] 李磊,蒋玫,沈新强,等.长江口及邻近海域水体中石油烃分布特征及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2014(8):1366-1372.
[17] 龙晓红,覃秋荣.广西近岸海域水质现状与发展趋势[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(1):44-47.
[18] 秦华伟,刘霞,张娟,等.莱州湾海域水质石油类的分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(5):739-742.
[19] 贾晓平,杜飞雁,林钦,等.海洋渔场生态环境质量状况综合评价方法探讨[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(2):160-164.
[2] Gilde K,Pinckney J L.Sublethal Effects of Crude Oil on the Community Structure of Estuarine Phytoplankton[J].Estuaries and Coasts,2012,35(3):853-861.
[3] 许冬,杨海丽,于培松,等.北部湾东部沉积物中石油烃分布与累积[J].海洋通报,2016,35(1):81-87.
[4] 袁春光,王义刚,黄惠明,等.大亚湾芒洲岛海域移动溢油数值模拟研究[J].海洋通报,2014,33(6):659-667.
[5] Lyla S,Manokaran S,Khan A.Petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in continental shelf region of southeast coast of India[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2012,27(1):73-83.
[6] Ye B,Zhang Z,Mao T.Petroleum hydrocarbon in surficial sediment from rivers and canals in Tianjin,China.[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(1):140-149.
[7] 陈圆,青尚敏.广西北部湾海洋油污染影响与应急管理浅析[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(3):104-108.
[8] 广西壮族自治区海洋局.广西壮族自治区海洋环境质量公报[R].南宁,2015-2017.
[9] 杨斌,钟秋平,张晨晓,等.钦州湾海水中石油烃时空变化特征及其影响因素[J].海洋科学,2016,40(1):76-84.
[10] 李小维,黄子眉,方龙驹.广西防城港湾水环境质量现状与石油烃环境容量的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2010,29(3):310-315.
[11] 刘熊,程冬梅,叶朝放,等.广西北仑河口保护区近岸海域2012～2014年水质参数的变化[J].广西科学院学报,2015(2):89-93.
[12] 国家海洋局.GB17378.4-2007海水监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[13] GB3097-1997.国家海水质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[14] 刘亮,王菊英,胡莹莹,等.渤海近岸海域石油类污染变化趋势[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(1):88-93.
[15] 侯俊妮,张传松,石晓勇.北黄海石油烃含量的季节变化和分布特征[J].渔业科学进展,2011,32(5):121-125.
[16] 李磊,蒋玫,沈新强,等.长江口及邻近海域水体中石油烃分布特征及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2014(8):1366-1372.
[17] 龙晓红,覃秋荣.广西近岸海域水质现状与发展趋势[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(1):44-47.
[18] 秦华伟,刘霞,张娟,等.莱州湾海域水质石油类的分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(5):739-742.
[19] 贾晓平,杜飞雁,林钦,等.海洋渔场生态环境质量状况综合评价方法探讨[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(2):160-164.