农业废弃物柑橘皮渣堆肥工艺优化及其微生物群落结构演替规律研究
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摘要
重庆柑橘加工业每年产生大量皮渣,不及时有效地处理将污染三峡库区生态环境。堆肥是一种可行的皮渣资源化利用方式。通过正交试验获得了柑橘皮渣堆肥的最优工艺参数,即原料含水率55%、碳氮比(C/N) 25、石灰量10 g/kg、加菌量3%。基于最优参数的中试试验结果表明,中试效果较小试有显著提升,总养分含量达到6.48%。堆肥过程中微生物群落结构分析表明,芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、青霉(Penicillium)及喜热裂孢菌(Thermobifida)在堆肥前期占据优势,鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingobium)、嗜热子囊菌(Thermoascus)及拟诺卡菌(Nocardiopsis)则在后期占优势。Bacillus及Penicillium对堆肥前期果胶的快速降解起主要作用,木质纤维素在不同时期均存在降解,是多种优势菌属共同作用的结果。试验数据为柑橘皮渣堆肥处理的产业化提供了充足的理论与技术支撑。
Chongqing’s citrus processing industries produce a large number of citrus peels every year.Without effective treatment,the peels would pollute the environment.Composting is a feasible method for reusing citrus peels.The optimum parameters of peel composting were obtained by the orthogonal experiments,that is,water content of the raw material is 55%,carbon nitrogen ratio 25,lime 10 g/kg,and microorganism dosage 3%.The pilot-scale experiment based on the optimum conditions shows that the pilot test results have been improved dramatically compared with bench-scale test.Moreover,the content of total nutrients reaches up to 6.48%.Microbial community structure analysis was conducted during the course of composting,and the result showes that the abundance of Bacillus,Penicillium and Thermobifida dominated in the initial period,and Sphingobium,Thermoascus and Nocardiopsis dominates later.Bacillus and Penicillium play a critical role in the rapid decomposition of pectin at early stage,and lignocellulose is degraded by the cooperation of multiple dominant bacteria throughout the whole process.These results provide theoretical and technical support for compost industrialization of citrus peel.
Chongqing’s citrus processing industries produce a large number of citrus peels every year.Without effective treatment,the peels would pollute the environment.Composting is a feasible method for reusing citrus peels.The optimum parameters of peel composting were obtained by the orthogonal experiments,that is,water content of the raw material is 55%,carbon nitrogen ratio 25,lime 10 g/kg,and microorganism dosage 3%.The pilot-scale experiment based on the optimum conditions shows that the pilot test results have been improved dramatically compared with bench-scale test.Moreover,the content of total nutrients reaches up to 6.48%.Microbial community structure analysis was conducted during the course of composting,and the result showes that the abundance of Bacillus,Penicillium and Thermobifida dominated in the initial period,and Sphingobium,Thermoascus and Nocardiopsis dominates later.Bacillus and Penicillium play a critical role in the rapid decomposition of pectin at early stage,and lignocellulose is degraded by the cooperation of multiple dominant bacteria throughout the whole process.These results provide theoretical and technical support for compost industrialization of citrus peel.
引文
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[46]李世忠,黄建国,李治玲,等.柑橘皮渣降解菌的筛选及特性[J].食品科学,2014,35(23):188-192.
[47]YU H,ZENG G,HUANG H,et al.Microbial community succession and lignocellulose degradation during agricultural waste composting[J].Biodegradation,2007,18(6):793-802.
[2]罗巧慧,黄艳玲,肖芳,等.柑橘皮渣在动物饲料中应用的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(2):874-880.
[3]CERISUELO A,CASTELLóL,MOSET V,et al.The inclusion of ensiled citrus pulp in diets for growing pigs:Effects on voluntary intake,growth performance,gut microbiology and meat quality[J].Livestock Science,2010,134(1/2/3):180-182.
[4]MAMMA D,CHRISTAKOPOULOS P.Biotransformation of citrus by-products into value added products[J].Waste and Biomass Valorization,2014,5(4):529-549.
[5]李世忠,李勇,黄建国,等.柑橘皮渣资源化利用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(7):38-41.
[6]张云茹,富继虎,唐国发,等.柑橘皮渣栽培平菇及其营养安全评估[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(12):140-144.
[7]周月明,雷阳明,夏家帅,等.农业废弃物堆肥化进程与纤维素类物质降解研究[J].三峡生态环境监测,2018,3(1):32-40.
[8]赵建,袁玲,黄建国,等.柑橘皮渣高温堆肥生产有机肥[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):270-276.
[9]KARMAKAR S,GREENE H L.Oxidative destruction of chlorofluorocarbons(CFC11 and CFC12)by zeolite catalysts[J].Journal of Catalysis,1992,138(1):364-376.
[10]赵由才.生活垃圾资源化原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[11]杨文卿,孔飞,林继辉,等.污泥/猪粪添加PAAS混合好氧堆肥的正交优化试验研究[J].环境科技,2016,29(2):32-37.
[12]沈建兵,蔡映杰,潘飞.正交试验确定啤酒厂污泥堆肥最优工艺参数[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(11):6483-6485.
[13]吴遥远,张桥,余新盛.现代堆肥影响因素及控制[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(13):69-71.
[14]尚雪波,帅鸣.柑橘皮中果胶含量的测定[J].湖南农业科学,2010(9):88-90.
[15]王冲,彭祚登,杨欣超,等.用作燃料乙醇原料的刺槐无性系木质纤维素成分研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(6):124-127,138.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[17]牛明芬,赵明梅,郭睿,等.不同微生物菌剂对畜禽粪便堆肥效果的温度指标研究[J].环境保护与循环经济,2010,30(5):51-52,62.
[18]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.粪便无害化卫生要求:GB 7959-2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[19]方华舟,张婷.固氮解磷解钾牛粪菌肥制作与工艺优化[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(3):635-640.
[20]李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[21]KR?SSIG H A.Cellulose:structure,accessibility,and reactivity[M].Abingdon:Gordon and Breach Science,1993.
[22]STENTIFORD E I.Composting Control:Principles and Practice[M].Dordrecht:Springer,1996.
[23]化党领,刘方,李国学,等.翻堆与覆盖工艺对猪粪秸秆堆肥性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):210-216.
[24]范悦,丁路明,李国英,等.青藏高原高寒牧区家畜粪便堆肥化处理技术研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(4):335-342.
[25]魏自民,席北斗,赵越,等.城市生活垃圾外源微生物堆肥对有机酸变化及堆肥腐熟度的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(2):376-380.
[26]黄国锋,钟流举,张振钿,等.猪粪堆肥化处理过程中的氮素转变及腐熟度研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(11):1459-1462.
[27]王伟东,王小芬,朴哲,等.堆肥化过程中微生物群落的动态[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2591-2597.
[28]郁红艳,曾光明,胡天觉,等.真菌降解木质素研究进展及在好氧堆肥中的研究展望[J].中国生物工程杂志,2003,23(10):57-61.
[29]ALBRECHT R,PéRISSOL C,RUAUDEL F,et al.Functional changes in culturable microbial communities during a co-composting process:Carbon source utilization and co-metabolism[J].Waste Management,2010,30(5):764-770.
[30]侯丽媛,江经纬,蒋建东,等.假黄单胞菌株J1的筛选及木质纤维素降解基因的生物信息学分析[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(4):573-581.
[31]ADAMS A S,JORDAN M S,ADAMS S M,et al.Cellulose-degrading bacteria associated with the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio[J].The Isme Journal,2011,5(8):1323-1331.
[32]李争明,张娟,邓中洋,等.纤维素酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵产酶条件优化[J].生物技术通报,2015,31(5):146-152.
[33]易境.猪场废弃物堆肥中芽孢杆菌属和梭菌属细菌的分子生态学研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[34]胡杰,何晓红,李大平,等.鞘氨醇单胞菌研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(3):431-437.
[35]张晓琰,彭学,政井英司.木质素芳香族化合物降解菌Sphingobiumsp.SYK-6的研究进展[J].微生物学报,2014,54(8):854-867.
[36]席北斗,刘鸿亮,白庆中,等.堆肥中纤维素和木质素的生物降解研究现状[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(3):19-23.
[37]沈莹,胡天觉,曾光明,等.简青霉(Penicillium simplicissimum)对木质纤维素的降解及相关酶活性特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):781-788.
[38]MATHEW A,ELDO A N,MOLLY A G.Optimization of culture conditions for the production of thermostable polygalacturonase by Penicillium SPC-F20[J].Journal of Industria Microbiol Biotechnol,2008,35(9):1001-1005.
[39]朱晓媛,胡铁,张蕾,等.Penicillium sp.1407产纤维素酶的发酵条件优化[J].中国粮油学报,2014,29(5):115-119.
[40]王美娟.嗜热子囊菌产耐热木聚糖酶的条件及酶学性质的研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2017.
[41]孙晓萌,公维丽,李欣,等.降解木质纤维素放线菌的功能组学分析及工业应用前景[J].中国科学:生命科学,2017,47(2):201-210.
[42]谢响明,孙晓霞,吴玉英,等.绿色糖单孢菌产木聚糖酶规律及其耐碱耐热性的初步研究[J].生命科学研究,2005,9(1):55-59.
[43]ADAV S S,NG C S,SZE S K.iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of Thermobifida fusca reveals metabolic pathways of cellulose utilization[J].Journal of Proteomics,2011,74(10):2112-2122.
[44]陈燕红,程萍,杨鹏,等.一株纤维化纤维微细菌的生物学特性及其对几种苯环类化合物的利用研究[J].微生物学通报,2008,35(7):1021-1027.
[45]SARATALE G D,OH S E.Production of thermotolerant and alkalotolerant cellulolytic enzymes by isolated Nocardiopsis sp.KNU[J].Biodegradation,2011,22(5):905-919.
[46]李世忠,黄建国,李治玲,等.柑橘皮渣降解菌的筛选及特性[J].食品科学,2014,35(23):188-192.
[47]YU H,ZENG G,HUANG H,et al.Microbial community succession and lignocellulose degradation during agricultural waste composting[J].Biodegradation,2007,18(6):793-802.
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