丽江三义国际机场植被鸟类适宜性研究
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摘要
【目的】对丽江三义国际机场植被开展鸟类适宜性研究,以降低鸟击对飞行安全带来的潜在风险。【方法】采用样方法对机场夏季和冬季植被进行调查,从重要值、植株高度、食物关系等方面综合评价了植物的鸟类适宜指数。【结果】丽江机场存在的植物种类有50余种,分属于20个科,以禾本科、豆科和菊科为主,夏季群落较冬季群落丰富,机场内鸟类适宜指数高的植物种类少,以中度适宜指数植物为主,在冬季占植物总数的53.7%。在夏季和冬季,红车轴草(Trifolium pratense)、截叶铁扫帚(Lespedeza cuneata)、白车轴草(Trifolium repens)、百脉根(Lotus corniculatus)、毛花雀稗(Paspalum dilatatum)等植物对鸟的适宜度较高。【结论】丽江机场应引种生态价值高、鸟类适宜指数低的草种。在管理中,加大草地修剪频率,喷施生长抑制剂,降低植株生长高度,以减少种子的形成;及时排出草地积水,地表干燥时进行碾压,挖除高草丛,进一步降低鸟类适宜指数。
[Purpose]The bird suitability of vegetation in Lijiang Sanyi International Airport was studied in order to reduce the potential airplane strike from birds. [ Method] Quadrat sampling method was performed in the airport vegetation in summer and winter. Bird fit index of each plant species was assessed according to plant important value, height and food relation. [Result]Over 50 plant species from 20 families distributed in Sanyi Airport, mainly belonged to Gramineae, Leguminosae and Compositae. Compared with the community in winter, the plant community in summer was much more abundant. There are few plant species with the most suitable bird fit index, while most plants can be classified into moderate bird fit index species. The proportion of moderate bird fit index plants in winter amount up 53.7%. Of species investigated, Trifolium pratense, Lespedeza cuneata, Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus, Paspalum dilatatum were highly suitable for birds in both summer and winter. [Conclusion]It is very necessary for Lijiang Airport to introduce ecological important grasses which have low bird fit index. Seed maturation can be inhibited through increase of mowing frequency and spraying growth inhibitors which lead to reduction of plant height.Moreover, approaches such as drainage of accumulated water on the grassland, rolling dry surface,digging out high grasses, will contribute to further reducing vegetation suitability to birds.
[Purpose]The bird suitability of vegetation in Lijiang Sanyi International Airport was studied in order to reduce the potential airplane strike from birds. [ Method] Quadrat sampling method was performed in the airport vegetation in summer and winter. Bird fit index of each plant species was assessed according to plant important value, height and food relation. [Result]Over 50 plant species from 20 families distributed in Sanyi Airport, mainly belonged to Gramineae, Leguminosae and Compositae. Compared with the community in winter, the plant community in summer was much more abundant. There are few plant species with the most suitable bird fit index, while most plants can be classified into moderate bird fit index species. The proportion of moderate bird fit index plants in winter amount up 53.7%. Of species investigated, Trifolium pratense, Lespedeza cuneata, Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus, Paspalum dilatatum were highly suitable for birds in both summer and winter. [Conclusion]It is very necessary for Lijiang Airport to introduce ecological important grasses which have low bird fit index. Seed maturation can be inhibited through increase of mowing frequency and spraying growth inhibitors which lead to reduction of plant height.Moreover, approaches such as drainage of accumulated water on the grassland, rolling dry surface,digging out high grasses, will contribute to further reducing vegetation suitability to birds.
引文
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[14]李晓雪,贺燕燕,杨文航,等.不同水分处理和密度配置对牛鞭草与狗牙根生长与种间竞争的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(9):1.
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[2]栗牧怀,李海.减少鸟害事件保障民用航空安全[J].中国民用航空,2000(5):35.
[3]GLASCOCK J W.Has killing 70 000 birds failed to make NYC flights any safer?[N/OL].The Christian Science Monitor,2017-01-15[2017-12-08].https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2017/0115/Has-killing-70-000-birds-failed-to-make-NYC-flights-any-safer
[4]许远钊,廖峻涛,甄玉明,等.昆明机场植物多样性及鸟类适宜性评估[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(8):135.
[5]SOLDATINI C,GEORGALAS V,TORRICELLI P,et al.An ecological approach to birdstrike risk analysis[J].European Journal of Wildlife Research,2010,56(4):623.DOI:10.1007/s10344-009-0359-z.
[6]王磊,唐思贤,褚福印,等.上海虹桥国际机场飞行区植被与鸟类的关系[J].四川动物,2010,29(4):536.
[7]张旭,张志强,董志,等.长沙黄花国际机场植被资源特征分析[J].湖南林业科技,2015,42(4):83.
[8]刘振江.基于鸟害防治的机场生态环境管理[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2012,23(3):275.
[9]马金生,孟祥海,张建生,等.飞机场植被与鸟击防范的研究[J].齐鲁师范学院学报,2012,27(5):56.
[10]MANOIU V M,GHEORGHE S,SPIRIDON R M.Some considerations about military bird strikes in Romania[C]//Proceedings of 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM,2017.
[11]李瑞,刘云芳,张克斌.盐池草地植被数量波动研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(4):220.
[12]赵凯,陈建琴,张晨岭,等.奔牛机场植被现状调查及鸟类适宜指数评估[J].南京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,32(4):83.
[13]马良,刘丹,罗梅秀,等.福州机场草坪植被月动态及鸟类适宜性评估[J].亚热带农业研究,2017(4):246.
[14]李晓雪,贺燕燕,杨文航,等.不同水分处理和密度配置对牛鞭草与狗牙根生长与种间竞争的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(9):1.
[15]刘勇,刘燕,杨丹,等.三叶草(Trifolium repens)用于土壤镉污染的修复潜力[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(11):2226.
[16]LIU M,YANG M Y,SONG D,et al.Invasive Acacia mearnsii De Wilde in Kunming,Yunnan Province,China:a new biogeographic distribution that Threatens Airport Safety[J].NeoBiota,2016,29:53.
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