环境规制对中国企业出口行为的影响——基于二元边际的微观视角分析
|
摘要
本文以中国环境统计年鉴及中国工业企业数据库2005—2013年的数据为样本,利用Heckman两阶段模型分析环境规制措施对中国企业出口行为的影响。实证结果表明,环境规制措施阻碍了企业出口参与决策(扩展边际),但是却提高了出口企业的出口强度(集约边际)。通过对标准化系数的比较可知,环境规制措施对企业扩展边际的影响程度高于对企业集约边际的影响程度。此外,本文也揭示了全要素生产率、企业年龄、规模、工资等控制变量与企业出口决策和出口强度之间的关系,以期为相关决策提供理论依据。
On the Basis of the data of China's Environmental Statistics Yearbook and China's Industrial Enterprise Database from 2005 to 2013 and by use of the two-stage model of Heckman,the paper analyzes the impact of environmental regulation measures on the export behavior of Chinese enterprises. The empirical results show that the measures of environmental regulation hinder the participative decision-making of enterprise export( extensive margin),but they increase the export intensity of enterprises( intensive margin). By comparing the standardization coefficient,the environmental regulation measures have more influences on the enterprises' extensive margin than the intensive margin. In addition,the paper reveals the relationship between the enterprise control variables such as total factor productivity,age,size,wage and the enterprise decision-making and export strength,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the related decision-making.
On the Basis of the data of China's Environmental Statistics Yearbook and China's Industrial Enterprise Database from 2005 to 2013 and by use of the two-stage model of Heckman,the paper analyzes the impact of environmental regulation measures on the export behavior of Chinese enterprises. The empirical results show that the measures of environmental regulation hinder the participative decision-making of enterprise export( extensive margin),but they increase the export intensity of enterprises( intensive margin). By comparing the standardization coefficient,the environmental regulation measures have more influences on the enterprises' extensive margin than the intensive margin. In addition,the paper reveals the relationship between the enterprise control variables such as total factor productivity,age,size,wage and the enterprise decision-making and export strength,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the related decision-making.
引文
[1]Kalt J P.The impact of domestic environmental regulatory policies on U. S[C]∥International Competitiveness.Cambridge Mass:Harper and Row,Ballinger,1988.
[2]Sielbert H.Environmental quality and the gains from trade[J].Kyklos,1977(4).
[3]梁冬寒.环境规制与出口贸易绩效相互影响效应分析[J].统计与决策,2009(7).
[4]杨丹萍.我国出口贸易环境成本内生化效应的实证分析与政策建议[J].财贸经济,2011(6).
[5]宋春香.环境规制对我国污染密集型产业出口贸易的影响研究[D].南京:南京财经大学,2012.
[6]Michael E,et al.Green and competitive:Ending the stalemate[J].Harvard Business Review,1995(3).
[7]Markusen,Morey E R.Environmental policy when market structure and plant locations are endogenous[J].Journal of environmental economics and management,1993(24).
[8]Matthew A,Cole,Robert J R.Determining the tradeenvironment composition effect:The role of capital,labor and environmental regulations[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2003(36).
[9]傅京燕.环境规制与产业国际竞争力[M].上海:经济科学出版社,2005.
[10]Berman E,Linda T M.Environmental regulation and productivity:Evidence from oil refineries[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,2001(3).
[11]李小平,卢现祥,陶小琴.环境规制强度是否影响了中国工业行业的贸易比较优势[J].世界经济,2012(4).
[12]赵玉焕.环境规制对我国纺织品贸易的影响[J].经济管理,2009(7).
[13]童伟伟.环境规制影响了中国制造业企业出口吗?[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013(3).
[14]Walter I. The pollution content of American trade[J].Western Economic Journal,1973(1).
[15]Tobey J A. The effects of domestic environmental policies on pattern of world trade:An empirical test[J].Kyklos,1990(2).
[16]黄小兵,黄静波.环境规制对企业生产率及其出口行为的影响[J].广东财经大学学报,2015(1).
[17]Melitz,M J.The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity[J]. Econometrica,2003(6).
[18]Bernard,et al. Plants and productivity in international trade[J].American Economic Review,2003(9).
[19]Heckman J J.Sample selection bias as a specification error[J].Econometrica,1979(139).
[20]Krugman P R.Scale economies,product differentiation,and the pattern of trade[J].American Economic Review,1980(70).
[21]吴国松.我国环境保护强度对产业竞争力影响的实证分析——以我国造纸业为例[J].华东经济管理,2007(11).
[22]Beers.Environment cost and export:Evidence from America[J].Journal of Environmental Economics,1976.
[23]白泉旺,俞海山.环境成本内在化对我国出口贸易的影响及我国的对策[J].国际贸易,2008(4).
[24]解垩.环境规制与中国工业生产率增长[J].产业经济研究,2008(1).
[25]包群,邵敏,杨大利.环境管制抑制了污染排放吗?[J].经济研究,2013(12).
[26]Walter I,Ugelow J.Environmental policies in developing countries[J].Ambio,1979(23).
[27]陆旸.环境规制影响了污染密集型商品的贸易比较优势吗?[J].经济研究,2009(14).
[28]Domazlicy,et al.Does environmental protection lead to slower productivity growth in the chemical industry[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2004(3).
[29]赵细康.环境保护与产业国际竞争力——理论与实证分析[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003.
[30]胡建辉.环境规制对产业结构调整的倒逼效应研究[D].北京:中央财经大学,2017.
[31]石华平,易敏利.环境规制对企业出口贸易影响的实证研究——基于2004—2015年中国企业出口的省际面板数据[J].西华大学学报(哲学与社会科学版),2018(5).
[32]刘贝贝,周力.环境规制对我国污染密集型产业省级贸易的影响[J].经济研究参考,2018(25).
[2]Sielbert H.Environmental quality and the gains from trade[J].Kyklos,1977(4).
[3]梁冬寒.环境规制与出口贸易绩效相互影响效应分析[J].统计与决策,2009(7).
[4]杨丹萍.我国出口贸易环境成本内生化效应的实证分析与政策建议[J].财贸经济,2011(6).
[5]宋春香.环境规制对我国污染密集型产业出口贸易的影响研究[D].南京:南京财经大学,2012.
[6]Michael E,et al.Green and competitive:Ending the stalemate[J].Harvard Business Review,1995(3).
[7]Markusen,Morey E R.Environmental policy when market structure and plant locations are endogenous[J].Journal of environmental economics and management,1993(24).
[8]Matthew A,Cole,Robert J R.Determining the tradeenvironment composition effect:The role of capital,labor and environmental regulations[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2003(36).
[9]傅京燕.环境规制与产业国际竞争力[M].上海:经济科学出版社,2005.
[10]Berman E,Linda T M.Environmental regulation and productivity:Evidence from oil refineries[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,2001(3).
[11]李小平,卢现祥,陶小琴.环境规制强度是否影响了中国工业行业的贸易比较优势[J].世界经济,2012(4).
[12]赵玉焕.环境规制对我国纺织品贸易的影响[J].经济管理,2009(7).
[13]童伟伟.环境规制影响了中国制造业企业出口吗?[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013(3).
[14]Walter I. The pollution content of American trade[J].Western Economic Journal,1973(1).
[15]Tobey J A. The effects of domestic environmental policies on pattern of world trade:An empirical test[J].Kyklos,1990(2).
[16]黄小兵,黄静波.环境规制对企业生产率及其出口行为的影响[J].广东财经大学学报,2015(1).
[17]Melitz,M J.The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity[J]. Econometrica,2003(6).
[18]Bernard,et al. Plants and productivity in international trade[J].American Economic Review,2003(9).
[19]Heckman J J.Sample selection bias as a specification error[J].Econometrica,1979(139).
[20]Krugman P R.Scale economies,product differentiation,and the pattern of trade[J].American Economic Review,1980(70).
[21]吴国松.我国环境保护强度对产业竞争力影响的实证分析——以我国造纸业为例[J].华东经济管理,2007(11).
[22]Beers.Environment cost and export:Evidence from America[J].Journal of Environmental Economics,1976.
[23]白泉旺,俞海山.环境成本内在化对我国出口贸易的影响及我国的对策[J].国际贸易,2008(4).
[24]解垩.环境规制与中国工业生产率增长[J].产业经济研究,2008(1).
[25]包群,邵敏,杨大利.环境管制抑制了污染排放吗?[J].经济研究,2013(12).
[26]Walter I,Ugelow J.Environmental policies in developing countries[J].Ambio,1979(23).
[27]陆旸.环境规制影响了污染密集型商品的贸易比较优势吗?[J].经济研究,2009(14).
[28]Domazlicy,et al.Does environmental protection lead to slower productivity growth in the chemical industry[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2004(3).
[29]赵细康.环境保护与产业国际竞争力——理论与实证分析[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003.
[30]胡建辉.环境规制对产业结构调整的倒逼效应研究[D].北京:中央财经大学,2017.
[31]石华平,易敏利.环境规制对企业出口贸易影响的实证研究——基于2004—2015年中国企业出口的省际面板数据[J].西华大学学报(哲学与社会科学版),2018(5).
[32]刘贝贝,周力.环境规制对我国污染密集型产业省级贸易的影响[J].经济研究参考,2018(25).