玉门花海毕家滩棺板《晋律注》的保护修复研究
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摘要
玉门花海毕家滩出土的《晋律注》是裱糊在棺板外侧的纸本文书,因埋藏环境复杂及年代久远等各种原因,文物整体保存状况极为不佳。棺板存在残缺、断裂等多种病害,而外侧的纸本文书降解更为严重,已达到触之即粉的状态。为了使文物的完整性得以体现及能够得达到展陈的基本要求,在对棺板木材进行种属鉴定及特征分析的基础上,在文物保护基本原则与理念的指导下,对棺板进行了病害调查、清洗、粘接及加固,对外侧文书进行了内容识读、原料种类鉴定。经过保护处理使得棺板的整体性得到了体现,达到了展陈的基本要求。原料分析结果显示外侧的纸本文书为皮浆纤维,因此该文书是目前为止出土为数不多的魏晋时期以皮浆为原料的纸质实物,这对甘肃河西地区造纸原料发展的研究提供了珍贵的资料。
A coffin board unearthed from Bijiatan in Huahai Town of Jiuquan, Gansu Province has a paper transcript of Jin Lyu Zhu(notes of laws in the Jin Dynasty) pasted on its outer side. Due to the complex burial environment and the long burial time, the state of preservation of both the coffin board and the paper were extremely poor. The board suffered from fracturing and cracking, while the degradation of the paper was even more serious. In order to realize the integrity of this cultural relic and to achieve the basic requirements needed for exhibition, we undertook conservation and restoration measures on the basis of existing research and related identifications and analyses. After treatment, the integrity of the coffin board has been presented and its strength enhanced, allowing it to meet the basic requirements for exhibition. The raw material analyses show that the paper is made from skin pulp fiber, so this report represents, so far, one of the few unearthed paper objects of the Wei and Jin Dynasties using this kind of raw material. The results provide valuable data for the study of raw papermaking materials in Hexi area of Gansu Province.
A coffin board unearthed from Bijiatan in Huahai Town of Jiuquan, Gansu Province has a paper transcript of Jin Lyu Zhu(notes of laws in the Jin Dynasty) pasted on its outer side. Due to the complex burial environment and the long burial time, the state of preservation of both the coffin board and the paper were extremely poor. The board suffered from fracturing and cracking, while the degradation of the paper was even more serious. In order to realize the integrity of this cultural relic and to achieve the basic requirements needed for exhibition, we undertook conservation and restoration measures on the basis of existing research and related identifications and analyses. After treatment, the integrity of the coffin board has been presented and its strength enhanced, allowing it to meet the basic requirements for exhibition. The raw material analyses show that the paper is made from skin pulp fiber, so this report represents, so far, one of the few unearthed paper objects of the Wei and Jin Dynasties using this kind of raw material. The results provide valuable data for the study of raw papermaking materials in Hexi area of Gansu Province.
引文
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[15] 潘吉星.中国造纸技术史稿[M].北京:北京文物出版社,1997.PAN Jixing.China paper technology history[M].Beijing:Beijing cultural relics publishing house,1997.
[16] 陆寿麟.我国文物保护理念的探索[J].东南文化,2012(2):6-9.LU Shoulin.China’s exploration for the concepts of cultural relics conservation[J].Southeast Culture,2012(2):6-9.
[2] 曹旅宁,张俊民.玉门花海所出《晋律注》初步研究[J].中国文物科学研究,2010(4):180-192.CAO Lyuning,ZHANG Junmin.Preliminary study on JinLv Annotation from Yumenhuahai[J].China Cultural Heritage Scientific Research,2010(4):180-192.
[3] 张俊民,曹旅宁.毕家滩《晋律注》相关问题研究[J].考古与文物,2010(6):67-72.ZHANG Junmin,CAO Lyuning.Study on related issues of Jin Lv Zhu from Bi Jia-tan[J].Archaeology and CulturalRelics,2010(6):67-72.
[4] 王菊华.中国造纸原料纤维特性及显微图谱[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.WANG Juhua.Papermaking Raw Materials of China An Atlas of Micrographs and the Characteristics of Fibers[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,1999.
[5] 龚钰轩,柏小剑,龚德才.武威市博物馆馆藏《藏文大藏经》的检测分析与保护研究[J].中国藏学,2014(3):176-179.GONG Yuxuan,BO Xiaojian,GONG Decai.Study on the detection,analysis and protection of the great Tibetan Scripture in the collection of Wu Wei museum[J].China Tibetology,2014(3):176-179.
[6] 梁永信,马永轩,王德洪.X射线衍射法研究木材纤维结晶度[J].东北林业大学学报,1986(S3):12-15.LIANG Yongxin,MA Yongxuan,WANG Dehong.Study on crystallinity in wood cellulose with X-ray diffaraction method[J].Journal of north-east forestry univerity,1986(S3):12-15.
[7] 马晓娟,黄六莲,陈礼辉,等.纤维素结晶度的测定方法[J].造纸科学与技术,2012(2):75-78.MA Xiaojuan,HUANG Liulian,CHEN Lihui,et al.Determination Methods for Crystallinity of Cellulose[J].Paper Science & Technology,2012(2):75-78.
[8] 邓天珍,方北松.甘肃成县尖川西汉墓地出土木漆器保护修复[N].中国文物报,2018-03-02(7).DENG Tianzhen,FANG Beisong.Gansu cheng county jianchuan western han tombs out of civil lacquer protection and restoration[N].China Cultural Relics News,2018-03-02(7).
[9] OUDIANI A E,CHAABOUNI Y,MSAHLI,et al.Crystal transition from cellulose I to cellulose II in NaOH treated Agave americana L.fibre[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2011,86(3):1221-1229.
[10] POLETTO M,ZATTERA A J,FORTE M M C,et al.Thermal decomposition of wood:Influence of wood components and cellulose crystallite size[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,109:148-153.
[11] 贾敬鸾,陈晓松,陈正华.云杉针叶的扫描电镜观察[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),1995(S1):79-81,97.JIA Jingluan,CHEN Xiaosong,CHEN Zhenghua.Scanning electron microscopic observation of the needle leaves in Picea[J].Journal of Yun’an University (Natural Sciences),1995(S1):79-81,97.
[12] 李晓岑,贾建威.西夏古纸的检测和初步研究[J].西北民族研究,2014(1):123-128.LI Xiaocen,JIA Jianwei.Detection and preliminary study on paper made in the Western Xia Dynasty[J].Northwestern Journal of Ethnology,2014(1):123-128.
[13] 杨海艳,郭金龙,龚德才.古纸纤维形态特征与传统造纸工艺的对应关系[J].中国造纸,2011(12):32.YANG Haiyan,GUO Jinlong,GONG Decai.Study on the relationship between morphological characteristics of the fibers of ancient paper and papermaking technologies[J].China Pulp and Paper,2011(12):32.
[14] 李涛.中国古代纸质文物的无损化学分析[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2010.LI Tao.Technical investigation of ancient Chinese paper based materials with non-destructive chemical methods[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.
[15] 潘吉星.中国造纸技术史稿[M].北京:北京文物出版社,1997.PAN Jixing.China paper technology history[M].Beijing:Beijing cultural relics publishing house,1997.
[16] 陆寿麟.我国文物保护理念的探索[J].东南文化,2012(2):6-9.LU Shoulin.China’s exploration for the concepts of cultural relics conservation[J].Southeast Culture,2012(2):6-9.