黄土高原不同生态治理小流域土壤有机质、容重及黏粒含量的对比
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摘要
为探讨不同生态治理小流域土壤性质的差异,本研究分别从坡向、坡位、区段和土层4个方面分析了人工刺槐林流域杨家沟(YJG)与封禁荒草地流域董庄沟(DZG)土壤有机质(SOM)、土壤容重(BD)和黏粒含量(CC)的空间分异.结果表明:YJG与DZG的SOM、BD、CC分别为12.78 g·kg~(-1)、1.24 g·cm~(-3)、19.2%与11.13 g·kg~(-1)、1.21 g·cm~(-3)、18.2%,前者均略高,但差异不显著.各指标均为东坡大于西坡; SOM和CC顺坡向下有增加趋势,BD变异最小;SOM由上游至下游呈增大趋势,BD和CC不断减小;由土表向下至60 cm土深,BD和CC不断增大,SOM不断减小.各指标的空间敏感性依次为CC>SOM>BD,空间因素的影响效用依次为土层>区段>坡向>坡位.上游CC、中游BD和CC在两流域间的差异显著,各指标对坡位、区段、土层的敏感性均为YJG To explore the effects of small watersheds with different ecological managements on soil properties,the spatial differences of soil organic matter( SOM),bulk density( BD),and clay content( CC) in the four facets,including slope aspect,slope position,zone,and soil layer,were analyzed between Yangjiagou( YJG,artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest watershed) and Dongzhuanggou( DZG,closed grassland watershed). The results showed that SOM,BD and CC were12.78 g·kg~(-1),1.24 g·cm~(-3),19.2% for YJG and 11.13 g·kg~(-1),1.21 g·cm~(-3),18.2% for DZG,respectively. The values for YJG were slightly higher than those for DZG,but the difference was insignificant. All indices in the east slope were bigger than those in the west slope. Across different slope positions,the variation of BD was small,SOM and CC showed increasing trends from top to bottom. BD and CC declined downward the watershed,whereas SOM changed in an opposite trend. From the soil surface down to 60 cm soil depth,BD and CC increased and SOM decreased.The spatial sensitivity followed CC > SOM > BD,and the effects of the spatial factors can be ordered as soil layer > zone > slope aspect > slope position. There were significant differences in CC of the upper reaches,BD and CC of the middle reaches between the two basins. The sensitivity of each index to slope position,zone and soil layer in YJG was lower than that in DZG.
引文
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[24] Li X-Y(李晓原),Zhang W-T(张文太),Li J-G(李建贵),et al. Correlation among terrain,vegetation and soil properties at hillslope scale topography in Ili Valley.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University(新疆农业大学学报),2016,39(6):477-482(in Chinese)
[25] Baskan O,Dengiz O,Gunturk A. Effects of toposequence and land use-land cover on the spatial distribution of soil properties. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75:1-10
[26] Zhou P(周萍),Liu G-B(刘国彬),Hou X-L(侯喜禄). Study on soil physical and nutrients properties of different slope aspects and positions in eroded loess hilly region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2008,22(1):7-12(in Chinese)
[27] Zhu M,Feng Q,Qin YY,et al. Soil organic carbon as functions of slope aspects and soil depths in a semiarid alpine region of Northwest China. Catena,2017,152:94-102
[28] Zhou ZC,Zhang XY,Gan ZT. Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen after 26 years of farmland management on the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Arid Land,2015,7:806-813
[29] Feng Q(冯强),Duan B-L(段宝玲),Jiang S(姜硕),et al. Spatial heterogeneity of bulk density and its influencing factors at small watershed scale. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science)(山西农业大学学报:自然科学版),2016,36(1):39-45(in Chinese)
[30] Wang YQ,Shao MA,Liu ZP,et al. Prediction of bulk density of soils in the Loess Plateau region of China.Surveys in Geophysics,2014,35:395-413
[31] Wang ZQ,Hu YX,Wang R,et al. Soil organic carbon on the fragmented Chinese Loess Plateau:Combining effects of vegetation types and topographic positions. Soil&Tillage Research,2017,174:1-5
[32] Huang Y-L(黄艳丽),Li Z-B(李占斌),Su H(苏辉),et al. Effect of man-made forest on soil moisture of different slopes in upper and lower reaches of small watershed of Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2018,34(15):108-116(in Chinese)
[33] Ai Z-M(艾泽民),Chen Y-M(陈云明),Cao Y(曹扬). Storage and allocation of carbon and nitrogen in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation at different ages in the loess hilly region,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(2):333-341(in Chinese)
[34] Zheng J-Y(郑纪勇),Shao M-A(邵明安),Zhang XC(张兴昌). Spatial variation of surface soil’s bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity on slope in loess region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2004,18(3):53-56(in Chinese)
[35] Ru H-L(汝海丽),Zhang H-D(张海东),Jiao F(焦峰). Plant and soil C,N,P stoichiometric characteristics in relation to micro-topography in the hilly Loess Plateau region,China. Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2016,31(10):1752-1763(in Chinese)
[2] Liu X-Y(刘晓燕),Ma S-Y(马思远),Dang S-Z(党素珍). Processes of sediment yield in the Yellow River basin in recent hundred years. Journal of Sediment Research(泥沙研究),2017,42(5):1-6(in Chinese)
[3] Shao M-A(邵明安),Jia X-X(贾小旭),Wang Y-Q(王云强),et al. A review of studies on dried soil layers in the Loess Plateau. Advances in Earth Science(地球科学进展),2016,31(1):14-22(in Chinese)
[4] Wu JW,Miao CY,Wang YM,et al. Contribution analysis of the long-term changes in seasonal runoff on the Loess Plateau,China,using eight Budyko-based methods. Journal of Hydrology,2016,545:263-275
[5] Yang KJ,Lu CH. Evaluation of land-use change effects on runoff and soil erosion of a hilly basin of Yanhe River in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Land Degradation&Development,2018,29:1211-1221
[6] Xia L,Song XY,Fu N,et al. Impacts of land use change and climate variation on green water in the Loess Plateau Gully Region:A case study of Nanxiaohegou basin. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48:678-688
[7] Li Y-S(李玉山). The properties of water cycle in soil and their effect on water cycle for land in the loess regin.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),1983,3(2):91-101(in Chinese)
[8] Yang W-Z(杨文治). Soil water resources and afforestation in Loess Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2001,16(5):433-438(in Chinese)
[9] Lu Y-D(陆耀东),Xue L(薛立),Cao H(曹鹤),et al. Imapacts of litter removal on soil characteristics in a Pinus caribaea stand. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2008,28(7):3205-3211(in Chinese)
[10] Chang RY,Fu BJ,Liu GH,et al. The effects of afforestation on soil organic and inorganic carbon:A case study of the Loess Plateau of China. Catena,2012,95:145-152
[11] Fu B,Qi YB,Chang QR. Impacts of revegetation management modes on soil properties and vegetation ecological restoration in degraded sandy grassland in farmingpastoral ecotone. International Journal of Agricultural&Biological Engineering,2015,8:26-34
[12] Wang L,Mu Y,Zhang QF,et al. Effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties in the wind-water erosion region of the northern Loess Plateau of China.Clean:Soil,Air,Water,2012,40:7-15
[13] Zhao YG,Wu PT,Zhao SW,et al. Variation of soil infiltrability across a 79-year chronosequence of naturally restored grassland on the Loess Plateau,China. Journal of Hydrology,2013,504:94-103
[14] Zhang XP,Lin PF,Chen H,et al. Understanding land use and cover change impacts on runoff and sediment load at flood events on the Loess Plateau,China. Hydrological Processes,2018,32:576-589
[15] Yan R,Zhang XP,Yan SJ,et al. Estimating soil erosion response to land use/cover change in a catchment of the Loess Plateau,China. International Soil&Water Conservation Research,2018,6:13-22
[16] Hu J,Lu YH,Fu BJ,et al. Quantifying the effect of ecological restoration on runoff and sediment yields:A meta-analysis for the Loess Plateau of China. Progress in Physical Geography,2017,41:753-774
[17] Zhou J,Fu BJ,Gao GY,et al. Effects of precipitation and restoration vegetation on soil erosion in a semi-arid environment in the Loess Plateau, China. Catena,2016,137:1-11
[18] Wu CS,Liu GH,Liu QS,et al. The spatial distribution of soil organic matter on the north-central Mongolian Plateau. Resources Science(资源科学),2016,38(5):994-1002(in Chinese)
[19] Sun Y(孙岩),Wang Y-B(王一博),Sun Z(孙哲),et al. Impact of soil organic matter on water hold capacity in permafrost actice layer in the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Desert Research(中国沙漠),2017,37(2):288-295(in Chinese)
[20] Zhang Y-X(张永萱),Zhang G-H(张光辉),Wang Z-Q(王志强). Influence of soil particle composition on soil moisture in loess profiles. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持通报),2009,29(6):6-9(in Chinese)
[21] Li Z(李卓),Wu P-T(吴普特),Feng H(冯浩),et al. Simulated experiment on effect of soil bulk density on soil infiltration capacity. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2009,25(6):40-45(in Chinese)
[22] Sun L(孙龙),Zhang G-H(张光辉),Wang B(王兵),et al. Soil erosion resistance of black locust land with different ages of returning farmland on Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2017,33(10):191-197(in Chinese)
[23] Cai W-T(蔡文涛),Li H-Y(李贺祎),Lai L-M(来利明),et al. Dynamics of soil physical properties and biological soil crust during the vegetation restoration process of abandoned croplands in the Ordos Plateau,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(3):829-837(in Chinese)
[24] Li X-Y(李晓原),Zhang W-T(张文太),Li J-G(李建贵),et al. Correlation among terrain,vegetation and soil properties at hillslope scale topography in Ili Valley.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University(新疆农业大学学报),2016,39(6):477-482(in Chinese)
[25] Baskan O,Dengiz O,Gunturk A. Effects of toposequence and land use-land cover on the spatial distribution of soil properties. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75:1-10
[26] Zhou P(周萍),Liu G-B(刘国彬),Hou X-L(侯喜禄). Study on soil physical and nutrients properties of different slope aspects and positions in eroded loess hilly region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2008,22(1):7-12(in Chinese)
[27] Zhu M,Feng Q,Qin YY,et al. Soil organic carbon as functions of slope aspects and soil depths in a semiarid alpine region of Northwest China. Catena,2017,152:94-102
[28] Zhou ZC,Zhang XY,Gan ZT. Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen after 26 years of farmland management on the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Arid Land,2015,7:806-813
[29] Feng Q(冯强),Duan B-L(段宝玲),Jiang S(姜硕),et al. Spatial heterogeneity of bulk density and its influencing factors at small watershed scale. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science)(山西农业大学学报:自然科学版),2016,36(1):39-45(in Chinese)
[30] Wang YQ,Shao MA,Liu ZP,et al. Prediction of bulk density of soils in the Loess Plateau region of China.Surveys in Geophysics,2014,35:395-413
[31] Wang ZQ,Hu YX,Wang R,et al. Soil organic carbon on the fragmented Chinese Loess Plateau:Combining effects of vegetation types and topographic positions. Soil&Tillage Research,2017,174:1-5
[32] Huang Y-L(黄艳丽),Li Z-B(李占斌),Su H(苏辉),et al. Effect of man-made forest on soil moisture of different slopes in upper and lower reaches of small watershed of Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2018,34(15):108-116(in Chinese)
[33] Ai Z-M(艾泽民),Chen Y-M(陈云明),Cao Y(曹扬). Storage and allocation of carbon and nitrogen in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation at different ages in the loess hilly region,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(2):333-341(in Chinese)
[34] Zheng J-Y(郑纪勇),Shao M-A(邵明安),Zhang XC(张兴昌). Spatial variation of surface soil’s bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity on slope in loess region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2004,18(3):53-56(in Chinese)
[35] Ru H-L(汝海丽),Zhang H-D(张海东),Jiao F(焦峰). Plant and soil C,N,P stoichiometric characteristics in relation to micro-topography in the hilly Loess Plateau region,China. Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2016,31(10):1752-1763(in Chinese)