全氟化合物污染风险控制研究进展
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摘要
为了更好地应对全氟化合物(PFCs)所带来的环境风险,总结了我国环境中PFCs的分布情况,同时对近年来PFCs污染处理技术的研究进展进行了综述,阐明了各技术的原理及优缺点,并针对我国的实际情况提出了相应的风险管控建议。研究发现:我国环境中PFCs虽然含量不高,但是分布范围较广;虽然近年来各种PFCs污染处理技术的研究取得了较大的进展,但是大多数技术仍然停留在实验室阶段,在原位环境下处理技术的实际应用及多技术的联用将是未来的研究重点;此外,应尽快制定相关法规政策,加强环境中PFCs的监测与管控,从而降低PFCs的环境与健康风险。
To better manage the environmental risks associated with perfluorinated compounds( PFCs),the distribution of PFCs in China is summarized. Meanwhile,the research progress of treatment technologies for PFCs pollution in recent years is reviewed. The rationales,merits and drawbacks of each technology are illuminated. In addition,the corresponding risk management proposals are presented according to the actual condition in China. Finally,the following conclusions are drawn: the concentration of PFCs in Chinese environment is not high,but it distributes widely. Although in recent years great progress has been made in various pollution treatment technologies for PFCs,most technologies are still limited in laboratory,the practical application of treatment technologies in situ condition and the combination of multiple technologies will be the emphases of future research. Besides,the relevant laws and policies should be formulated as soon as possible,the monitoring of PFCs in the environment should be enhanced,thus reducing the environmental and healthy risks of PFCs.
To better manage the environmental risks associated with perfluorinated compounds( PFCs),the distribution of PFCs in China is summarized. Meanwhile,the research progress of treatment technologies for PFCs pollution in recent years is reviewed. The rationales,merits and drawbacks of each technology are illuminated. In addition,the corresponding risk management proposals are presented according to the actual condition in China. Finally,the following conclusions are drawn: the concentration of PFCs in Chinese environment is not high,but it distributes widely. Although in recent years great progress has been made in various pollution treatment technologies for PFCs,most technologies are still limited in laboratory,the practical application of treatment technologies in situ condition and the combination of multiple technologies will be the emphases of future research. Besides,the relevant laws and policies should be formulated as soon as possible,the monitoring of PFCs in the environment should be enhanced,thus reducing the environmental and healthy risks of PFCs.
引文
[1]ARVANITI O S,STASINAKIS A S.Review on the occurrence,fate and removal of perfluorinated compounds during wastewater treatment[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2015,524-525(1):81-92．
[2]WANG S,YANG Q,CHEN F,et al.Photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in water:a critical review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,328(1):927-942．
[3]RAHMAN M F,PELDSZUS S,ANDERSON W B.Behaviour and fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)in drinking water treatment:a review[J].Water Research,2014,50(1):318-340．
[4]李杰,高月,王之芬,等．汉江水体和沉积物中全氟化合物的风险评估[J]．北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(5):913-920．
[5]张明,唐访良,俞雅雲,等．钱塘江(杭州段)表层水中全氟化合物的残留水平及分布特征[J]．环境科学,2015,36(12):4471-4478．
[6]CHEN C,LU Y,XIANG Z,et al.A review of spatial and temporal assessment of PFOS and PFOA contamination in China[J].Chemistry&Ecology,2009,25(3):163-177．
[7]WANG B,CAO M,ZHU H,et al.Distribution of perfluorinated compounds in surface water from Hanjiang River in Wuhan,China[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(3):468-473．
[8]SO M K,MIYAKE Y,YEUNG W Y,et al.Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(11):2085-2095．
[9]刘冰,金一和,于棋麟,等．松花江水系江水中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸污染现状调查[J]．环境科学学报,2007,27(3):480-486．
[10]YANG L P,ZHU L Y,LIU Z T.Occurrence and partition of perfluorinated compounds in water and sediment from Liao River and Taihu Lake,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,83(6):806-814．
[11]LI F,SUN H,HAO Z,et al.Perfluorinated compounds in Haihe River and Dagu Drainage Canal in Tianjin,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(2):265-271．
[12]郭睿,张超杰,周琪．水环境中全氟化合物的去除技术研究综述[J]．净水技术,2016,35(6):18-24．
[13]金一和,刘晓,秦红梅,等．我国部分地区自来水和不同水体中的PFOS污染[J]．中国环境科学,2004,24(2):166-169．
[14]ZHANG Y,MENG W,GUO C,et al.Determination and partitioning behavior of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluorooctanesulfonate in water and sediment from Dianchi Lake,China[J].Chemosphere,2012,88(11):1292-1299．
[15]SHI Y L,PAN Y Y,WANG J M,et al.Distribution of perfluorinated compounds in water,sediment,biota and floating plants in Baiyangdian Lake,China[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring Jem,2012,14(2):636-642．
[16]李法松,何娜,覃雪波,等．全氟化合物在天津大黄堡湿地多介质分布研究[J]．环境化学,2011,30(3):638-644．
[17]HE X,LI A,WANG S,et al.Perfluorinated substance assessment in sediments of a large-scale reservoir in Danjiangkou,China[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2018,190(2):66．
[18]刘晴,喻泽斌,张睿涵,等．钯掺Ti O2光催化降解全氟辛酸[J]．环境科学,2015,36(6):2138-2146．
[19]OHNO M,ITO M,OHKURA R,et al.Photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid mediated by iron in strongly acidic conditions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,268(1):150-155．
[20]ZHANG L H,CHENG J H,YOU X,et al.Photochemical defluorination of aqueous perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)by Fe(0)/GAC micro-electrolysis and VUV-Fenton photolysis[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(13):13531-13542．
[21]PATIL M N,PANDIT A B.Cavitation:a novel technique for making stable nano-suspensions[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2007,14(5):519-530．
[22]MORIWAKI H,TAKAGI Y,TANAKA M,et al.Sonochemical decomposition of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(9):3388-3392．
[23]LEE Y C,CHEN M J,HUANG C P,et al.Efficient sonochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid using periodate[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2016,31(1):499-505．
[24]FUJII S,POLPRASERT C,TANAKA S,et al.New POPs in the water environment:distribution,bioaccumulation and treatment of perfluorinated compounds-a review paper[J].Water Supply:Research Technology,2007,56(5):313-326．
[25]WILHELM M,BERGMANN S,DIETER H H.Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)in drinking water of North Rhine-Westphalia,Germany and new approach to assess drinking water contamination by shorter-chained C4-C7 PFCs[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2010,213(3):224-232．
[26]饶振中．改性油茶果壳对全氟辛烷磺酸盐的吸附性能研究[J]．广东化工,2017,44(11):27-29．
[27]GUO W,HUO S,FENG J,et al.Adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)on corn straw-derived biochar prepared at different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2017,78(1):265-271．
[28]NIU J,LI Y,SHANG E,et al.Electrochemical oxidation of perfluorinated compounds in water[J].Chemosphere,2016,146(1):526-538．
[29]YANG B,WANG J,JIANG C,et al.Electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctane sulfonate by novel Fand Sb co-doped Ti/Sn O2electrode containing SnSb interlayer[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,316(1):296-304．
[30]GOMEZ-RUIZ B,GMEZ-LAVN S,DIBAN N,et al.Boron doped diamond electrooxidation of 6:2 fluorotelomers and perfluorocarboxylic acids.Application to industrial wastewaters treatment[J].Journal of E-lectroanalytical Chemistry,2017,798(1):51-57．
[31]REMDE A,DEBUS R.Biodegradability of fluorinated surfactants under aerobic and anaerobic conditions[J].Chemosphere,1996,32(8):1563-1574．
[32]MEESTERS R J,SCHRDER H F.Perfluorooctane sulfonate:a quite mobile anionic anthropogenic surfactant,ubiquitously found in the environment[J].Water Science&Technology,2004,50(5):235-242．
[33]何海涛,马中良,罗会华,等．全氟化合物的微生物降解研究[C]∥中国化学会第十二届全国氟化学会议论文集．南昌:[s.n.],2012:17．
[34]王凯,郭昌胜,张远,等．不同微生物处理工艺对全氟化合物的去除效果[J]．环境科学研究,2015,28(1):110-116．
[35]ESPANA V A A,MALLAVARAPU M,NAIDU R.Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoate(PFOA):a critical review with an emphasis on field testing[J].Environmental Technology&Innovation,2015,4(1):168-181．
[36]ENAULT J,ROBERT S,SCHLOSSER O,et al.Drinking water,diet,indoor air:comparison of the contribution to environmental micropollutants exposure[J].International Journal of Hygiene&Environmental Health,2015,218(8):723-730．
[37]杨兰琴,冯雷雨,陈银广．中国水环境中全氟化合物的污染水平及控制策略[J]．化工进展,2012,31(10):2304-2312.
[2]WANG S,YANG Q,CHEN F,et al.Photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in water:a critical review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,328(1):927-942．
[3]RAHMAN M F,PELDSZUS S,ANDERSON W B.Behaviour and fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)in drinking water treatment:a review[J].Water Research,2014,50(1):318-340．
[4]李杰,高月,王之芬,等．汉江水体和沉积物中全氟化合物的风险评估[J]．北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(5):913-920．
[5]张明,唐访良,俞雅雲,等．钱塘江(杭州段)表层水中全氟化合物的残留水平及分布特征[J]．环境科学,2015,36(12):4471-4478．
[6]CHEN C,LU Y,XIANG Z,et al.A review of spatial and temporal assessment of PFOS and PFOA contamination in China[J].Chemistry&Ecology,2009,25(3):163-177．
[7]WANG B,CAO M,ZHU H,et al.Distribution of perfluorinated compounds in surface water from Hanjiang River in Wuhan,China[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(3):468-473．
[8]SO M K,MIYAKE Y,YEUNG W Y,et al.Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(11):2085-2095．
[9]刘冰,金一和,于棋麟,等．松花江水系江水中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸污染现状调查[J]．环境科学学报,2007,27(3):480-486．
[10]YANG L P,ZHU L Y,LIU Z T.Occurrence and partition of perfluorinated compounds in water and sediment from Liao River and Taihu Lake,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,83(6):806-814．
[11]LI F,SUN H,HAO Z,et al.Perfluorinated compounds in Haihe River and Dagu Drainage Canal in Tianjin,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(2):265-271．
[12]郭睿,张超杰,周琪．水环境中全氟化合物的去除技术研究综述[J]．净水技术,2016,35(6):18-24．
[13]金一和,刘晓,秦红梅,等．我国部分地区自来水和不同水体中的PFOS污染[J]．中国环境科学,2004,24(2):166-169．
[14]ZHANG Y,MENG W,GUO C,et al.Determination and partitioning behavior of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluorooctanesulfonate in water and sediment from Dianchi Lake,China[J].Chemosphere,2012,88(11):1292-1299．
[15]SHI Y L,PAN Y Y,WANG J M,et al.Distribution of perfluorinated compounds in water,sediment,biota and floating plants in Baiyangdian Lake,China[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring Jem,2012,14(2):636-642．
[16]李法松,何娜,覃雪波,等．全氟化合物在天津大黄堡湿地多介质分布研究[J]．环境化学,2011,30(3):638-644．
[17]HE X,LI A,WANG S,et al.Perfluorinated substance assessment in sediments of a large-scale reservoir in Danjiangkou,China[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2018,190(2):66．
[18]刘晴,喻泽斌,张睿涵,等．钯掺Ti O2光催化降解全氟辛酸[J]．环境科学,2015,36(6):2138-2146．
[19]OHNO M,ITO M,OHKURA R,et al.Photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid mediated by iron in strongly acidic conditions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,268(1):150-155．
[20]ZHANG L H,CHENG J H,YOU X,et al.Photochemical defluorination of aqueous perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)by Fe(0)/GAC micro-electrolysis and VUV-Fenton photolysis[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(13):13531-13542．
[21]PATIL M N,PANDIT A B.Cavitation:a novel technique for making stable nano-suspensions[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2007,14(5):519-530．
[22]MORIWAKI H,TAKAGI Y,TANAKA M,et al.Sonochemical decomposition of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(9):3388-3392．
[23]LEE Y C,CHEN M J,HUANG C P,et al.Efficient sonochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid using periodate[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2016,31(1):499-505．
[24]FUJII S,POLPRASERT C,TANAKA S,et al.New POPs in the water environment:distribution,bioaccumulation and treatment of perfluorinated compounds-a review paper[J].Water Supply:Research Technology,2007,56(5):313-326．
[25]WILHELM M,BERGMANN S,DIETER H H.Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)in drinking water of North Rhine-Westphalia,Germany and new approach to assess drinking water contamination by shorter-chained C4-C7 PFCs[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2010,213(3):224-232．
[26]饶振中．改性油茶果壳对全氟辛烷磺酸盐的吸附性能研究[J]．广东化工,2017,44(11):27-29．
[27]GUO W,HUO S,FENG J,et al.Adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)on corn straw-derived biochar prepared at different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2017,78(1):265-271．
[28]NIU J,LI Y,SHANG E,et al.Electrochemical oxidation of perfluorinated compounds in water[J].Chemosphere,2016,146(1):526-538．
[29]YANG B,WANG J,JIANG C,et al.Electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctane sulfonate by novel Fand Sb co-doped Ti/Sn O2electrode containing SnSb interlayer[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,316(1):296-304．
[30]GOMEZ-RUIZ B,GMEZ-LAVN S,DIBAN N,et al.Boron doped diamond electrooxidation of 6:2 fluorotelomers and perfluorocarboxylic acids.Application to industrial wastewaters treatment[J].Journal of E-lectroanalytical Chemistry,2017,798(1):51-57．
[31]REMDE A,DEBUS R.Biodegradability of fluorinated surfactants under aerobic and anaerobic conditions[J].Chemosphere,1996,32(8):1563-1574．
[32]MEESTERS R J,SCHRDER H F.Perfluorooctane sulfonate:a quite mobile anionic anthropogenic surfactant,ubiquitously found in the environment[J].Water Science&Technology,2004,50(5):235-242．
[33]何海涛,马中良,罗会华,等．全氟化合物的微生物降解研究[C]∥中国化学会第十二届全国氟化学会议论文集．南昌:[s.n.],2012:17．
[34]王凯,郭昌胜,张远,等．不同微生物处理工艺对全氟化合物的去除效果[J]．环境科学研究,2015,28(1):110-116．
[35]ESPANA V A A,MALLAVARAPU M,NAIDU R.Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoate(PFOA):a critical review with an emphasis on field testing[J].Environmental Technology&Innovation,2015,4(1):168-181．
[36]ENAULT J,ROBERT S,SCHLOSSER O,et al.Drinking water,diet,indoor air:comparison of the contribution to environmental micropollutants exposure[J].International Journal of Hygiene&Environmental Health,2015,218(8):723-730．
[37]杨兰琴,冯雷雨,陈银广．中国水环境中全氟化合物的污染水平及控制策略[J]．化工进展,2012,31(10):2304-2312.
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