金融素养、创业培训与农民创业决策
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摘要
从金融知识、金融能力、金融意识三个维度设计农民金融素养测度指标体系,引入创业培训,依据计划行为理论阐释创业培训调节作用下金融素养影响农民创业决策的理论逻辑,并采用陕西省908户农户调查数据,实证探究了农民金融素养的创业效应及创业培训对金融素养影响农民创业决策的调节作用。研究结果表明,农民金融素养具有创业效应,即金融素养水平的提高既可显著增加农民当前创业概率,也显著提升非创业农民未来创业倾向;金融知识对农民当前创业决策的影响程度依次大于金融意识和金融能力,而金融意识对非创业农民未来创业决策的影响程度依次大于金融知识和金融能力;且金融素养越高的农民越倾向于成为有雇员的创业者。研究还发现,创业培训在一定程度上增强了金融素养对农民创业决策的促进作用,但对两者关系的调节作用并不显著。据此提出通过多渠道提高农民金融素养水平、优化农民创业培训体系建设等提升农民创业发生率的政策建议。
This article builds an index system to measure farmers' financial literacy from three dimensions, namely, financial knowledge, financial ability and financial awareness, introduces entrepreneurship training, and then establishes a theoretical frame to reveal how farmers' financial literacy influence their entrepreneurial decision-making under the mediatory role of entrepreneurship training according to the theory of planned behavior. Empirically test the entrepreneurial effect of farmers' financial literacy and the regulatory role of entrepreneurship training on the impact of farmers' financial literacy on their entrepreneurial decision-making based on the survey data collected from 908 farm households in Shaanxi Province. The results show that farmers' financial literacy has entrepreneurship promoting effect: an increase in financial literacy can significantly enhance the probability of farmers' entrepreneurship activities or enhance farmers' future entrepreneurial intention, and the impact of financial knowledge on farmers' current entrepreneurial decision is larger than that of financial awareness and financial ability, while the impact of financial awareness on farmers' future entrepreneurial decision is larger than financial knowledge and financial ability. Besides, farmers with higher financial literacy are more likely to be entrepreneurs with employees. This study also confirms that the impacts of financial literacy on current entrepreneurial decision of all farmers and future entrepreneurial decision of non-entrepreneurial farmers are larger for farmers who took part in entrepreneurship training than farmers who did not. However, the regulatory role of entrepreneurship training is not significant. Based on this, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to increase the incidence of farmer entrepreneurship through improving the level of farmers' financial literacy and optimizing the training system on farmers' entrepreneurship.
This article builds an index system to measure farmers' financial literacy from three dimensions, namely, financial knowledge, financial ability and financial awareness, introduces entrepreneurship training, and then establishes a theoretical frame to reveal how farmers' financial literacy influence their entrepreneurial decision-making under the mediatory role of entrepreneurship training according to the theory of planned behavior. Empirically test the entrepreneurial effect of farmers' financial literacy and the regulatory role of entrepreneurship training on the impact of farmers' financial literacy on their entrepreneurial decision-making based on the survey data collected from 908 farm households in Shaanxi Province. The results show that farmers' financial literacy has entrepreneurship promoting effect: an increase in financial literacy can significantly enhance the probability of farmers' entrepreneurship activities or enhance farmers' future entrepreneurial intention, and the impact of financial knowledge on farmers' current entrepreneurial decision is larger than that of financial awareness and financial ability, while the impact of financial awareness on farmers' future entrepreneurial decision is larger than financial knowledge and financial ability. Besides, farmers with higher financial literacy are more likely to be entrepreneurs with employees. This study also confirms that the impacts of financial literacy on current entrepreneurial decision of all farmers and future entrepreneurial decision of non-entrepreneurial farmers are larger for farmers who took part in entrepreneurship training than farmers who did not. However, the regulatory role of entrepreneurship training is not significant. Based on this, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to increase the incidence of farmer entrepreneurship through improving the level of farmers' financial literacy and optimizing the training system on farmers' entrepreneurship.
引文
[1]中国人民银行金融消费权益保护局.消费者金融素养调查分析报告2015[R/OL].[2015-09-28].http://shanghai.pbc.gov.cn/fzhshanghai/113598/3053178/index.html.
[2]程郁,罗丹.信贷约束下农户的创业选择——基于中国农户调查的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2009(11):25-38.
[3]罗明忠.个体特征、资源获取与农民创业——基于广东部分地区问卷调查数据的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2012(2):11-19.
[4]杨婵,贺小刚,李征宇.家庭结构与农民创业——基于中国千村调查的数据分析[J].中国工业经济,2017(12):172-190.
[5]陈其进.风险偏好对创业选择的异质性影响——基于RUMIC 2009数据的实证研究[J].人口与经济,2015(2):78-86.
[6]盖庆恩,朱喜,史清华.财富对创业的异质性影响——基于三省农户的实证分析[J].财经研究,2013(5):134-144.
[7]张秀娥,张梦琪,王丽洋.社会网络对新生代农民工创业意向的影响机理研究[J].华东经济管理,2015(6):10-16.
[8]张益丰,郑秀芝.企业家才能、创业环境异质性与农民创业——基于3省14个行政村调研数据的实证研究[J].中国农村观察,2014(3):21-28.
[9]刘宇娜,张秀娥.金融支持对新生代农民工创业意愿的影响分析[J].经济问题探索,2013(12):115-119.
[10]NOCTOR M,STONEY S,STRADLING R.Financial literacy[R].National Foundation for Education Research,London:1992.
[11]CUTLER N E,DEVLIN S J.Financial literacy 2000[J].Journal of the American Society of CLU & CHFC,1996,50(4):32-37.
[12]SERVON L J,KAESTNER R.Consumer financial literacy and the impact of online banking on the financial behavior of lower-income bank customers[J].Journal of Consumer Affairs,2008,42(2):271-305.
[13]MASON C L J,WILSON R.Conceptualizing financial literacy[R].Loughborough University Occasional Paper,2000.
[14]CHEN H,VOLPE R P.An analysis of personal financial literacy among college students[J].Financial Services Review,1998,7(2):107-128.
[15]HUSTON S J.Measuring financial literacy[J].Journal of Consumer Affairs,2010,44(2):296-316.
[16]张欢欢,熊学萍.农村居民金融素养测评与影响因素研究——基于湖北、河南两省的调查数据[J].中国农村观察,2017(3):131-144.
[17]尹志超,宋全云,吴雨,等.金融知识、创业决策和创业动机[J].管理世界,2015(1):87-98.
[18]HASTINGS J S,MADRIAN B C,SKIMMYHOM W L.Financial literacy,financial education,and economic outcomes[J].Annual Review of Economics,2013,5(1):347-373.
[19]吴雨,彭嫦燕,尹志超.金融知识、财富积累和家庭资产结构[J].当代经济科学,2016,38(4):19-29.
[20]吴雨,宋全云,尹志超.农户正规信贷获得和信贷渠道偏好分析——基于金融知识水平和受教育水平视角的解释[J].中国农村经济,2016(5):43-55.
[21]周天芸,钟贻俊.金融意识及其对农户借贷选择的影响[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(2):73-80.
[22]马双,赵朋飞.金融知识、家庭创业与信贷约束[J].投资研究,2015(1):25-38.
[23]SEVIM N,TEMIZEL F,?ZLEM S.The effects of financial literacy on the borrowing behaviour of Turkish financial consumers[J].International Journal of Consumer Studies,2012,36(5):573-579.
[24]秦芳,王文春,何金财.金融知识对商业保险参与的影响——来自中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证分析[J].金融研究,2016(10):143-158.
[25]AJZEN I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[26]OECD.PISA 2015 Draft Science Framework[EB/OL].[2015-03-17].https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2015-assessment-and-analytical-framework/pisa-2015-science-framework_9789264255425-3-en
[27]魏江,徐蕾,朱西湖,等.少数民族地区农民创业培训体系构建——基于甘南、甘孜的调查研究[J].中国软科学,2009(7):104-108.
[28]温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005,37(2):268-274.
(1)根据2015年城镇私营单位就业人员年平均工资(39589元)和城镇居民人均可支配收入(31195元)综合确定。
(2)工具变量计算如下:剔除村庄z收入阶层为c的第i个农民的同一村庄同等收入阶层其他受访者金融素养水平均值为■,其中,Nzc表示村庄z收入阶层为c的样本数量,收入阶层c划分依据为将样本2013—2015年家庭年均毛收入等区间划分为低、中、高三个层次且分别对应c取值为1,2,3。
(3)限于篇幅,详细内容未予报告。
[2]程郁,罗丹.信贷约束下农户的创业选择——基于中国农户调查的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2009(11):25-38.
[3]罗明忠.个体特征、资源获取与农民创业——基于广东部分地区问卷调查数据的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2012(2):11-19.
[4]杨婵,贺小刚,李征宇.家庭结构与农民创业——基于中国千村调查的数据分析[J].中国工业经济,2017(12):172-190.
[5]陈其进.风险偏好对创业选择的异质性影响——基于RUMIC 2009数据的实证研究[J].人口与经济,2015(2):78-86.
[6]盖庆恩,朱喜,史清华.财富对创业的异质性影响——基于三省农户的实证分析[J].财经研究,2013(5):134-144.
[7]张秀娥,张梦琪,王丽洋.社会网络对新生代农民工创业意向的影响机理研究[J].华东经济管理,2015(6):10-16.
[8]张益丰,郑秀芝.企业家才能、创业环境异质性与农民创业——基于3省14个行政村调研数据的实证研究[J].中国农村观察,2014(3):21-28.
[9]刘宇娜,张秀娥.金融支持对新生代农民工创业意愿的影响分析[J].经济问题探索,2013(12):115-119.
[10]NOCTOR M,STONEY S,STRADLING R.Financial literacy[R].National Foundation for Education Research,London:1992.
[11]CUTLER N E,DEVLIN S J.Financial literacy 2000[J].Journal of the American Society of CLU & CHFC,1996,50(4):32-37.
[12]SERVON L J,KAESTNER R.Consumer financial literacy and the impact of online banking on the financial behavior of lower-income bank customers[J].Journal of Consumer Affairs,2008,42(2):271-305.
[13]MASON C L J,WILSON R.Conceptualizing financial literacy[R].Loughborough University Occasional Paper,2000.
[14]CHEN H,VOLPE R P.An analysis of personal financial literacy among college students[J].Financial Services Review,1998,7(2):107-128.
[15]HUSTON S J.Measuring financial literacy[J].Journal of Consumer Affairs,2010,44(2):296-316.
[16]张欢欢,熊学萍.农村居民金融素养测评与影响因素研究——基于湖北、河南两省的调查数据[J].中国农村观察,2017(3):131-144.
[17]尹志超,宋全云,吴雨,等.金融知识、创业决策和创业动机[J].管理世界,2015(1):87-98.
[18]HASTINGS J S,MADRIAN B C,SKIMMYHOM W L.Financial literacy,financial education,and economic outcomes[J].Annual Review of Economics,2013,5(1):347-373.
[19]吴雨,彭嫦燕,尹志超.金融知识、财富积累和家庭资产结构[J].当代经济科学,2016,38(4):19-29.
[20]吴雨,宋全云,尹志超.农户正规信贷获得和信贷渠道偏好分析——基于金融知识水平和受教育水平视角的解释[J].中国农村经济,2016(5):43-55.
[21]周天芸,钟贻俊.金融意识及其对农户借贷选择的影响[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(2):73-80.
[22]马双,赵朋飞.金融知识、家庭创业与信贷约束[J].投资研究,2015(1):25-38.
[23]SEVIM N,TEMIZEL F,?ZLEM S.The effects of financial literacy on the borrowing behaviour of Turkish financial consumers[J].International Journal of Consumer Studies,2012,36(5):573-579.
[24]秦芳,王文春,何金财.金融知识对商业保险参与的影响——来自中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证分析[J].金融研究,2016(10):143-158.
[25]AJZEN I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[26]OECD.PISA 2015 Draft Science Framework[EB/OL].[2015-03-17].https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2015-assessment-and-analytical-framework/pisa-2015-science-framework_9789264255425-3-en
[27]魏江,徐蕾,朱西湖,等.少数民族地区农民创业培训体系构建——基于甘南、甘孜的调查研究[J].中国软科学,2009(7):104-108.
[28]温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005,37(2):268-274.
(1)根据2015年城镇私营单位就业人员年平均工资(39589元)和城镇居民人均可支配收入(31195元)综合确定。
(2)工具变量计算如下:剔除村庄z收入阶层为c的第i个农民的同一村庄同等收入阶层其他受访者金融素养水平均值为■,其中,Nzc表示村庄z收入阶层为c的样本数量,收入阶层c划分依据为将样本2013—2015年家庭年均毛收入等区间划分为低、中、高三个层次且分别对应c取值为1,2,3。
(3)限于篇幅,详细内容未予报告。