北京市典型溶剂使用行业VOCs成分谱
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摘要
基于北京市挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放清单和下一阶段VOCs减排的需求,针对汽车整车制造、木质家具制造和出版物印刷这3个主要溶剂使用行业,分别选取典型企业作为研究对象,采用负压法对重点排放环节进行采样,以GC-MS/FID系统测定样品中VOCs组分构成,从而获取了北京市典型溶剂使用行业VOCs成分谱.结果表明,汽车整车制造主要排放环节排放的VOCs组分存在明显差异,色漆涂装工序以含氧VOCs和芳香烃为主,分别占比71. 26%和27. 14%,罩光工序芳香烃达到84. 10%;木质家具制造业不同排放环节的VOCs组分差异不大,均以含氧VOCs和芳香烃为主,分别占55. 08%和18. 98%;出版物印刷业不同排放环节无法单独监测,其混合废气VOCs组分以烷烃和含氧VOCs为主,分别占比47. 29%和44. 57%.
Based on the demand for a volatile organic compounds( VOCs) emissions inventory for Beijing and for the reduction in VOC emissions,the three major solvent-based industries of automobile manufacturing,furniture manufacturing,and publication printing were selected for this study. In each case,emissions link negative pressure sampling was used in combination with laboratory-based GC-MS/FID to obtain the VOC spectra. The results show that there are significant differences in the emission of VOCs from the main stages of automobile manufacturing. Specifically,the paint-coating process was dominated by the emission of oxygenated VOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons,accounting for 71. 26% and 27. 14% of total VOC emissions,respectively. The proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons emitted during the varnishing process was very large( 84. 10%),which were mainly composed of the benzene series. The differences in VOC emissions during different stages of the furniture manufacturing process were small,mainly consisting of oxygenated VOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons,which accounted for 55. 08% and 18. 98% of the total,respectively. Of these,alcohols and esters were the main components. VOCs emitted from different stages of the publication printing process could not be monitored separately. Thus,the VOCs in the mixed exhaust gas from this process were mainly composed of alkanes and oxygenated VOCs,which accounted for 47. 29%and 44. 57% of the total emissions,respectively.
Based on the demand for a volatile organic compounds( VOCs) emissions inventory for Beijing and for the reduction in VOC emissions,the three major solvent-based industries of automobile manufacturing,furniture manufacturing,and publication printing were selected for this study. In each case,emissions link negative pressure sampling was used in combination with laboratory-based GC-MS/FID to obtain the VOC spectra. The results show that there are significant differences in the emission of VOCs from the main stages of automobile manufacturing. Specifically,the paint-coating process was dominated by the emission of oxygenated VOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons,accounting for 71. 26% and 27. 14% of total VOC emissions,respectively. The proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons emitted during the varnishing process was very large( 84. 10%),which were mainly composed of the benzene series. The differences in VOC emissions during different stages of the furniture manufacturing process were small,mainly consisting of oxygenated VOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons,which accounted for 55. 08% and 18. 98% of the total,respectively. Of these,alcohols and esters were the main components. VOCs emitted from different stages of the publication printing process could not be monitored separately. Thus,the VOCs in the mixed exhaust gas from this process were mainly composed of alkanes and oxygenated VOCs,which accounted for 47. 29%and 44. 57% of the total emissions,respectively.
引文
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[14]夏思佳,刘倩,赵秋月.江苏省人为源VOCs排放清单及其对臭氧生成贡献[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):592-599.Xia S J, Liu Q, Zhao Q Y. Emission inventory of anthropogenically sourced VOCs and its contribution to ozone formation in Jiangsu Province[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(2):592-599.
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[17]陈小方,张伟霞,陈柄旭,等.江门市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):600-607.Chen X F,Zhang W X,Chen B X,et al. Emission inventory of anthropogenic VOCs in Jiangmen City[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(2):600-607.
[18]佟瑞鹏,张磊,杨校毅,等.家具制造过程中VOCs的来源分析及环境健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):672-683.Tong R P,Zhang L,Yang X Y,et al. Source analysis and environmental health risk assessment of VOCs in furniture manufacturing[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(2):672-683.
[19]赵锐,黄络萍,张建强,等.成都市典型溶剂源使用行业VOCs排放成分特征[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):1147-1154.Zhao R,Huang L P,Zhang J Q,et al. Emissions characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from typical industries of solvent use in Chengdu City[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(3):1147-1154.
[20]洪沁,常宏宏.家具涂装行业VOCs污染特征分析[J].环境工程,2017,35(5):82-86.Hong Q,Chang H H. Pollution characteristics analysis of VOCs emitted from furniture painting industry[J]. Environmental Engineering,2017,35(5):82-86.
[21]莫梓伟,牛贺,陆思华,等.长江三角洲地区基于喷涂工艺的溶剂源VOCs排放特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):1944-1951.Mo Z W, Niu H, Lu S H, et al. Process-based emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from paint industry in the Yangtze River Delta,China[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(6):1944-1951.
[22]田亮,魏巍,程水源,等.典型有机溶剂使用行业VOCs成分谱及臭氧生成潜势[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(1):314-320.Tian L,Wei W,Cheng S Y,et al. Source profiles and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds from the use of solvents in typical industry[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(1):314-320.
[23] Yuan B,Shao M,Lu S H,et al. Source profiles of volatile organic compounds associated with solvent use in Beijing,China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(15):1919-1926.
[24] Zheng J Y,Yu Y F,Mo Z W,et al. Industrial sector-based volatile organic compound(VOC)source profiles measured in manufacturing facilities in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,456-457:127-136.
[25]翟增秀,孟洁,王亘,等.有机溶剂使用企业挥发性恶臭有机物排放特征及特征物质识别[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3557-3562.Zhai Z X,Meng J,Wang G,et al. Emission characteristics and characteristic substance identification of volatile odorous organic compounds in industries using organic solvents[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(8):3557-3562.
[26]莫梓伟,陆思华,李悦,等.北京市典型溶剂使用企业VOCs排放成分特征[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):374-380.Mo Z W,Lu S H,Li Y,et al. Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from typical solvent use factories in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):374-380.
[27]刘郁葱,夏泽群,高宗江,等.轻型汽车和汽车塑料配件涂装工艺过程的VOCs组分特征[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(11):3944-3951.Liu Y C,Xia Z Q,Gao Z J,et al. Process-based emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from light vehicle and auto plastic parts manufacturing industry[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(11):3944-3951.
[28]杨杨,杨静,尹沙沙,等.珠江三角洲印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单及关键活性组分[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):326-333.Yang Y,Yang J,Yin S S,et al. Speciated VOCs emission inventory and key species from printing industry in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(3):326-333.
[2] Yuan B,Hu W W,Shao M,et al. VOC emissions,evolutions and contributions to SOA formation at a receptor site in eastern China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(17):8815-8832.
[3] Zhang Y H,Su H,Zhong L J,et al. Regional ozone pollution and observation-based approach for analyzing ozone-precursor relationship during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(25):6203-6218.
[4] Andersson K,Bakke J V,Bj? rseth O,et al. TVOC and health in non-industrial indoor environments[J]. Indoor Air,1997,7(2):78-91.
[5] Kumar A,Singh D,Kumar K,et al. Distribution of VOCs in urban and rural atmospheres of subtropical India:Temporal variation,source attribution,ratios,OFP and risk assessment[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,613-614:492-501.
[6]宗述.六部委印发“十三五”挥发性有机物污染防治工作方案[J].中国环境监察,2017,(9):13-14.
[7]高爽,金亮茂,史建武,等.轻型汽油车VOCs排放特征和排放因子台架测试研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(3):397-405.Gao S,Jin L M,Shi J W,et al. VOCs emission characteristics and emission factors of light-duty gasoline vehicles with bench test[J]. China Environmental Science,2012,32(3):397-405.
[8]陈天增,葛艳丽,刘永春,等.我国机动车排放VOCs及其大气环境影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):478-492.Chen T Z,Ge Y L,Liu Y C,et al. VOCs Emission from motor vehicles in China and its impact on the atmospheric environment[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(2):478-492.
[9] Wang J,Jin L M,Gao J H,et al. Investigation of speciated VOC in gasoline vehicular exhaust under ECE and EUDC test cycles[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2013,445-446:110-116.
[10] Yao Y C,Tsai J H. Effects of gasoline aromatic content on emissions of volatile organic compounds and aldehydes from a four-stroke motorcycle[J]. Environmental Technology,2013,34(17):2531-2539.
[11]区家敏,冯小琼,刘郁葱,等.珠江三角洲机动车挥发性有机物排放化学成分谱研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):826-834.Ou J M,Feng X Q,Liu Y C,et al. Source characteristics of VOCs emissions from vehicular exhaust in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(4):826-834.
[12] Wei W,Wang S X,Hao J M,et al. Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China,2005-2020[J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2014,8(1):27-41.
[13]周子航,邓也,谭钦文,等.四川省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5344-5358.Zhou Z H,Deng Y,Tan Q W,et al. Emission inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutant sources in the Sichuan Province[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(12):5344-5358.
[14]夏思佳,刘倩,赵秋月.江苏省人为源VOCs排放清单及其对臭氧生成贡献[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):592-599.Xia S J, Liu Q, Zhao Q Y. Emission inventory of anthropogenically sourced VOCs and its contribution to ozone formation in Jiangsu Province[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(2):592-599.
[15]孙辰,詹领茜,尹珩,等.武汉市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单的建立[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(4):166-171.Sun C,Zhan L X,Yin H,et al. Establishment of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory in Wuhan[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2018,41(4):166-171.
[16]袁梦晨,祖彪,张青新,等.辽宁省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1345-1357.Yuan M C,Zu B,Zhang Q X,et al. Emission inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutant sources in Liaoning Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(4):1345-1357.
[17]陈小方,张伟霞,陈柄旭,等.江门市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):600-607.Chen X F,Zhang W X,Chen B X,et al. Emission inventory of anthropogenic VOCs in Jiangmen City[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(2):600-607.
[18]佟瑞鹏,张磊,杨校毅,等.家具制造过程中VOCs的来源分析及环境健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):672-683.Tong R P,Zhang L,Yang X Y,et al. Source analysis and environmental health risk assessment of VOCs in furniture manufacturing[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(2):672-683.
[19]赵锐,黄络萍,张建强,等.成都市典型溶剂源使用行业VOCs排放成分特征[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):1147-1154.Zhao R,Huang L P,Zhang J Q,et al. Emissions characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from typical industries of solvent use in Chengdu City[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(3):1147-1154.
[20]洪沁,常宏宏.家具涂装行业VOCs污染特征分析[J].环境工程,2017,35(5):82-86.Hong Q,Chang H H. Pollution characteristics analysis of VOCs emitted from furniture painting industry[J]. Environmental Engineering,2017,35(5):82-86.
[21]莫梓伟,牛贺,陆思华,等.长江三角洲地区基于喷涂工艺的溶剂源VOCs排放特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):1944-1951.Mo Z W, Niu H, Lu S H, et al. Process-based emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from paint industry in the Yangtze River Delta,China[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(6):1944-1951.
[22]田亮,魏巍,程水源,等.典型有机溶剂使用行业VOCs成分谱及臭氧生成潜势[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(1):314-320.Tian L,Wei W,Cheng S Y,et al. Source profiles and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds from the use of solvents in typical industry[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(1):314-320.
[23] Yuan B,Shao M,Lu S H,et al. Source profiles of volatile organic compounds associated with solvent use in Beijing,China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(15):1919-1926.
[24] Zheng J Y,Yu Y F,Mo Z W,et al. Industrial sector-based volatile organic compound(VOC)source profiles measured in manufacturing facilities in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,456-457:127-136.
[25]翟增秀,孟洁,王亘,等.有机溶剂使用企业挥发性恶臭有机物排放特征及特征物质识别[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3557-3562.Zhai Z X,Meng J,Wang G,et al. Emission characteristics and characteristic substance identification of volatile odorous organic compounds in industries using organic solvents[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(8):3557-3562.
[26]莫梓伟,陆思华,李悦,等.北京市典型溶剂使用企业VOCs排放成分特征[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):374-380.Mo Z W,Lu S H,Li Y,et al. Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from typical solvent use factories in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):374-380.
[27]刘郁葱,夏泽群,高宗江,等.轻型汽车和汽车塑料配件涂装工艺过程的VOCs组分特征[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(11):3944-3951.Liu Y C,Xia Z Q,Gao Z J,et al. Process-based emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from light vehicle and auto plastic parts manufacturing industry[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(11):3944-3951.
[28]杨杨,杨静,尹沙沙,等.珠江三角洲印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单及关键活性组分[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):326-333.Yang Y,Yang J,Yin S S,et al. Speciated VOCs emission inventory and key species from printing industry in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(3):326-333.