基于RWEQ模型的典型沙区风蚀治理成效研究
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摘要
以通辽市科尔沁左翼后旗(科左后旗)为研究区,通过修正的风蚀方程(revised wind erosion equation,RWEQ)计算科左后旗2010—2016年的风蚀强度时空变化,评价通辽市开展科尔沁沙地"双千万亩"综合治理工程的风沙治理效果。研究结果表明:1)2010—2016年,科左后旗风蚀强度呈现明显下降的趋势,总风蚀量从2010年的3893.87万t下降到2016年的1883.56万t,降幅为51.63%;2)工程实施区内平均风蚀强度高于全旗平均风蚀强度,且相对风蚀系数在2016年明显下降,说明项目建设成效显著,有效地削弱了风蚀较高的项目区内的侵蚀;3)项目区建设具有一定的域外效应,范围在3 km左右,项目实施后,不同距离缓冲区的相对风蚀系数均明显下降,且越靠近项目区下降越明显,从而减小了缓冲区之间的差距。
The revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ) is used to calculate the spatial and temporal changes of the wind erosion in Horqin Left Back Banner from 2010 to 2016, to evaluate the implementation effect of "Double Ten Million Mu" comprehensive management project in Horqin sandy land carried out by Tongliao Government. The results show that the wind erosion decreases significantly in Horqin Left Back Banner from 2010 to 2016, and the total wind erosion decreases from 38.93 million tons in 2010 to 18.83 million tons in 2016, down by 51.63%. The average wind erosion in the project implementation area is higher than the average wind erosion in Horqin Left Back Banner, which shows that the project construction achieves remarkable achievements and reduces the erosion effectively in the project area with high wind erosion. Project area construction has certain extraterritorial effect, and the positive effect of the project construction works not only within the project area, but also in the surrounding areas. The effective range is about 3 km far from the project area. After two years of project implementation, the relative wind erosion coefficient of different distance buffers decreases, and the closer to the project area the buffer is, the more positive effects it behaves.
The revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ) is used to calculate the spatial and temporal changes of the wind erosion in Horqin Left Back Banner from 2010 to 2016, to evaluate the implementation effect of "Double Ten Million Mu" comprehensive management project in Horqin sandy land carried out by Tongliao Government. The results show that the wind erosion decreases significantly in Horqin Left Back Banner from 2010 to 2016, and the total wind erosion decreases from 38.93 million tons in 2010 to 18.83 million tons in 2016, down by 51.63%. The average wind erosion in the project implementation area is higher than the average wind erosion in Horqin Left Back Banner, which shows that the project construction achieves remarkable achievements and reduces the erosion effectively in the project area with high wind erosion. Project area construction has certain extraterritorial effect, and the positive effect of the project construction works not only within the project area, but also in the surrounding areas. The effective range is about 3 km far from the project area. After two years of project implementation, the relative wind erosion coefficient of different distance buffers decreases, and the closer to the project area the buffer is, the more positive effects it behaves.
引文
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[24]Fryrear D W,Bilbro J D.Wind erosion control with residues and related practices//Unger P W.Managing agricultural residues.Boca Raton,FL,1994:7-18
[25]Li Y,Hagen G,Guilfoyle T J.Altered morphology in transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce cytokinins in specific tissues and organs.Developmental Biology,1992,153(2):386-395
[26]李军,游松财,黄敬峰.基于GIS的中国陆地表面粗糙度长度的空间分布.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2006,24(2):185-189
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[28]van de Ven T A M,Fryrear D W,Spaan W P.Vegetation characteristics and soil loss by wind.Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1989,44(4):347-349
[29]Harvey C A.Windbreaks enhance seed dispersal into agricultural landscapes in Monteverde,Costa Rica.Ecological Applications,2000,10(1):155-173
[30]Ling J,Yi X,Hua Z,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of wind erosion in Inner Mongolia of China between2001 and 2010.Chinese Geographical Science,2016,26(2):155-164
[2]Yan Y,Xin X,Xu X,et al.Quantitative effects of wind erosion on the soil texture and soil nutrients under different vegetation coverage in a semiarid steppe of northern China.Plant&Soil,2013,369(1/2):585-598
[3]陈渭南,董光荣.中国北方土壤风蚀问题研究的进展与趋势.地球科学进展,1994,9(5):6-12
[4]常学礼,鲁春霞,高玉葆.人类经济活动对科尔沁沙地风沙环境的影响.资源科学,2003,25(5):78-83
[5]张正偲,董治宝.土壤风蚀对表层土壤粒度特征的影响.干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(12):86-89
[6]何文清,赵彩霞,高旺盛,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤风蚀主要影响因子研究--以内蒙古武川县为例.应用生态学报,2005,16(11):88-92
[7]Guo Z,Huang N,Dong Z,et al.Wind erosion induced soil degradation in Northern China:status,measures and perspective.Sustainability,2014,6(12):8951-8966
[8]于宝勒,吴文俊,赵学军,等.内蒙古京津风沙源治理工程土壤风蚀控制效益研究.干旱区研究,2016,33(6):1278-1286
[9]韩已文,刘忠,于学谦,等.沙化土地整治背景下的沙漠化监测预警.农业工程学报,2017,33(10):271-277
[10]Fryrcar D W,Chen W N,Lester C.Revised Wind Erosion Equation.Annals of Arid Zone,2001,40(3):265-279
[11]Fryrear D W,Bilbro J D,Saleh A,et al.RWEQ:improved wind erosion technology.Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2000,55(2):183-189
[12]江凌,肖燚,欧阳志云,等.基于RWEQ模型的青海省土壤风蚀模数估算.水土保持研究,2015,22(1):21-32
[13]巩国丽,刘纪远,邵全琴.基于RWEQ的20世纪90年代以来内蒙古锡林郭勒盟土壤风蚀研究.地理科学进展,2014,33(6):825-834
[14]郭中领.RWEQ模型参数修订及其在中国北方应用研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2012
[15]南岭,杜灵通,展秀丽.土壤风蚀可蚀性研究进展.土壤,2014,46(2):204-211
[16]Van Donk S J,Wagner L E,Skidmore E L,et al.Comparison of the Weibull model with measured wind speed distributions for stochastic wind generation.2005,48(2):503-510
[17]朱好,张宏升.沙尘天气过程临界起沙因子的研究进展.地球科学进展,2011,26(1):30-38
[18]马玉凤,介冬梅,严平,等.科尔沁东部沙地土壤可风蚀性研究.世界地质,2007,26(3):338-344
[19]杨振常,李玉霖,崔夺,等.半干旱典型沙区1951-2005年主要气象要素及潜在蒸散量的变化趋势研究.中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1384-1392
[20]韩小红,杨联安,周欢水,等.我国北方强风蚀区空间分布格局及特征分析.干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(3):113-116
[21]科左后旗林业局.科尔沁沙地“双千万亩”综合治理工程努古斯台项目区简介[EB/OL].(2015-02-28)[2017-11-18].http://124.205.185.15/xlyj/subsite/33286/33301/181961.html
[22]殷海军.RWEQ模型的改进及其在风沙区的应用研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2007
[23]Samani Z A,Pessarakli M.Estimating potential crop evapotranspiration with minimum data in Arizona.American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1986,29(2):522-524
[24]Fryrear D W,Bilbro J D.Wind erosion control with residues and related practices//Unger P W.Managing agricultural residues.Boca Raton,FL,1994:7-18
[25]Li Y,Hagen G,Guilfoyle T J.Altered morphology in transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce cytokinins in specific tissues and organs.Developmental Biology,1992,153(2):386-395
[26]李军,游松财,黄敬峰.基于GIS的中国陆地表面粗糙度长度的空间分布.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2006,24(2):185-189
[27]内蒙古自治区人民政府.内蒙古自治区林业发展“十三五”规划[EB/OL].(2017-04-02)[2017-11-20].http://www.baotou.gov.cn/info/2057/127635.htm
[28]van de Ven T A M,Fryrear D W,Spaan W P.Vegetation characteristics and soil loss by wind.Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1989,44(4):347-349
[29]Harvey C A.Windbreaks enhance seed dispersal into agricultural landscapes in Monteverde,Costa Rica.Ecological Applications,2000,10(1):155-173
[30]Ling J,Yi X,Hua Z,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of wind erosion in Inner Mongolia of China between2001 and 2010.Chinese Geographical Science,2016,26(2):155-164