不同植被配置模式下矿区土壤有机碳与酶活性动态
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摘要
[目的]探究植被配置模式下矿区废弃地土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、蔗糖酶及过氧化氢酶活性的变化,寻找适宜矿区废弃地植被恢复最佳配置模式。[方法]以山西焦煤集团西山煤电屯兰煤矿废弃地为样地,选取31种植被配置模式进行植被恢复,长期固定监测植被恢复区(0.62hm~2)和自然恢复区(0.5hm~2),采用相关性分析法对2015—2017年土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、蔗糖酶与过氧化氢酶数据进行研究。[结果]与自然恢复区相比,采取植被恢复措施样地土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量均有不同程度提升。0～20cm土壤层中,灌木+草本植被配置模式增长有机碳含量最多,提升56.4%,乔木+草本植被配置模式提升微生物量碳含量最多,提升99.2%;20～40cm土壤层中,乔木+灌木+草本植被配制模式增长有机碳与微生物量碳含量最多,分别提升55.2%和97.6%。不同深度土壤有机碳、微生物量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。土壤有机碳含量与土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性相关性最大,相关系数分别为0.627和0.686。微生物量碳与土壤过氧化氢酶活性无显著相关。[结论]圆柏促进土壤有机碳与微生物量碳增加效果明显。植被恢复可显著提升土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性。植被恢复促进根系以及微生物释放相关物质,促进土壤有机碳及微生物量碳增加,提高土壤中过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性,从而提升矿区废弃地生态恢复速率。
[Objectives]The study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of vegetation types on the content of soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,and invertase and catalase activities in abandoned mining areas,and to determine the optimal allocation model for vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas.[Methods]We took the wasteland of Tunlan Coal Mine of Shanxi Coking Coal Co.Ltd.as sample plots.31 planting configuration modes were selected for vegetation restoration and a total of 0.62 hm~2 area was involved.Natural restoration plot sized by 0.5 hm~2 was served as control.All plots were monitored regularly for the long term environmental variation.The content of soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,and the activities of both soil invertase and catalases between 2015 and 2017 were evaluated with correlation analysis method.[Results]Compared with the natural restoration area,the content of both soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of vegetation restoration types were increased at various degrees.In 0～20 cm deep soil,the content of organic carbon of shrub/herb vegetation pattern was increased 56.4%,while that of the microbial biomass carbon in arbor/herb vegetation pattern was increased 99.2%.In 20～40 cm deep soil,the contents of organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of the arbor/shrub/herb vegetation pattern were increased 55.2% and 97.6%,respectively.[Conclusion]Sabina chinensis increased the amount of both soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon significantly.The activities of soil invertase and catalase were significantly enhanced in vegetation restoration area(P<0.05).Vegetation restoration promoted substance releasing from roots and microorganisms,increased soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon,and enhanced the activities of catalase and invertase in soil,thus improved the ecological recovery rate of mining wasteland.
[Objectives]The study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of vegetation types on the content of soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,and invertase and catalase activities in abandoned mining areas,and to determine the optimal allocation model for vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas.[Methods]We took the wasteland of Tunlan Coal Mine of Shanxi Coking Coal Co.Ltd.as sample plots.31 planting configuration modes were selected for vegetation restoration and a total of 0.62 hm~2 area was involved.Natural restoration plot sized by 0.5 hm~2 was served as control.All plots were monitored regularly for the long term environmental variation.The content of soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,and the activities of both soil invertase and catalases between 2015 and 2017 were evaluated with correlation analysis method.[Results]Compared with the natural restoration area,the content of both soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of vegetation restoration types were increased at various degrees.In 0～20 cm deep soil,the content of organic carbon of shrub/herb vegetation pattern was increased 56.4%,while that of the microbial biomass carbon in arbor/herb vegetation pattern was increased 99.2%.In 20～40 cm deep soil,the contents of organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of the arbor/shrub/herb vegetation pattern were increased 55.2% and 97.6%,respectively.[Conclusion]Sabina chinensis increased the amount of both soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon significantly.The activities of soil invertase and catalase were significantly enhanced in vegetation restoration area(P<0.05).Vegetation restoration promoted substance releasing from roots and microorganisms,increased soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon,and enhanced the activities of catalase and invertase in soil,thus improved the ecological recovery rate of mining wasteland.
引文
[1]李忠佩,张桃林,陈碧云.可溶性有机碳的含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系[J].土壤学报,2004,41(4):544-552.
[2]刘伟红.黄土丘陵区露天煤矿复垦土壤有机碳的变化特征及影响因素[D].北京:中国地质大学,2014.
[3]郭舒艳,任小丽,盖艾鸿,等.基于FLUXNET的CLM模型生态系统呼吸模拟验证[J/OL].应用与环境生物学报,2019[2019-1-7].http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/51.1482.q.20190105.1016.001.html
[4]沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(3):32-38.
[5]杨文彬,耿玉清,王冬梅.漓江水陆交错带不同植被类型的土壤酶活性[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4604-4612.
[6]江玉梅,胡琳玉,林娣,等.鄱阳湖湿地四种植物群落土壤碳含量和酶活性[J].湿地科学,2017(6):802-808.
[7]袁霞,何斌.八角林地土壤酶活性和养分的分布特点及其相关分析[J].经济林研究,2004,22(2):10-13.
[8]Yuan Y,Zhao Z,Zhang P,et al.Soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools in reclaimed mine soils under forest and cropland ecosystems in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,102:137-144.
[9]寇江涛,师尚礼,王琦,等.垄沟集雨对紫花苜蓿草地土壤水分、容重和孔隙度的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1336-1342.
[10]郝鑫杰,李素英,王继伟,等.呼和浩特市13种绿化植物固碳释氧效率的比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2017(6):1196-1204.
[11]蔡德光.吴起县文冠果生物能源林发展战略研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析第3版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:39-47.
[13]于洋,贾志清,朱雅娟,等.高寒沙地植被恢复区乌柳人工防护林对土壤的影响[J].林业科学,2013,49(11):9-15.
[14]覃乾,朱世硕,夏彬,等.黄土丘陵区侵蚀坡面土壤微生物量碳时空动态及影响因素[J].环境科学,2019(4):1-13.
[15]邓欧平,李翰,熊雷,等.秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(1):86-92.
[16]孙慧,张建锋,胡颖,等.土壤过氧化氢酶对不同林分覆盖的响应[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):605-610.
[17]Farhat N,Smaoui A,Maurousset L,et al.Sulla carnosa modulates root invertase activity in response to the inhibition of long distance sucrose transport under magnesium deficiency[J].Plant Biology,2016,18(6):1031-1037.
[18]贺丽娜,梁银丽,高静,等.连作对设施黄瓜产量和品质及土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(5):155-159.
[19]赵仁竹,汤洁,梁爽,等.吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):244-249.
[20]原芩,梅娟,李华,等.不同管理措施对铝矿废弃地复垦区土壤有机碳的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1374-1380.
[21]Sindhu J,Rattan L.Distribution of organic carbon in physical fractions of soils as affected by agricultural management[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils.2010,46(6):543-554.
[22]Liu C,Li Z,Dong Y,et al.Do land use change and check-dam construction affect a real estimate of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,101:220-226.
[23]邹耀进,王旭,梁卿雅,等.海南岛灌丛土壤有机碳分布特征[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(4):611-617.
[24]李君剑,曹杰,严俊霞,等.矿区不同复垦措施下土壤呼吸与环境因子关系的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(8):2102-2110.
[25]金永昌,刘美英,刘金善,等.复垦模式对采煤沉陷区土壤团聚体有机碳分布特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):105-109.
[26]陈祖拥,刘方,蒲通达,等.贵州中部喀斯特森林退化过程中土壤酶活性的变化[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(2):47-51.
[27]欧芷阳,申文辉,彭玉华,等.广西平果县岩溶山地不同植物群落的土壤酶活性[J].水土保持研究,2017(3):75-79.
[28]吴秀臣,孙辉,杨万勤,等.川西亚高山红桦幼苗土壤蔗糖酶活性对温度和大气二氧化碳浓度升高的响应[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1225-1230.
[29]杨佳佳,安韶山,张宏,等.黄土丘陵区小流域侵蚀环境对土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(17):5666-5674.
[30]Grandy A S,Neff J C,Weintraub M N.Carbon structure and enzyme activities in alpine and forest ecosystems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(11):2701-2711.
[31]Baldrian P,Tr9gl J,Frouz J,et al.Enzyme activities and microbial biomass in topsoil layer during spontaneous succession in spoil heaps after brown coal mining[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2107-2115.
[32]Mukhopadhyay S,Joy V C.Influence of leaf litter types on microbial functions and nutrient status of soil:Ecological suitability of forest trees for afforestation in tropical laterite wastelands[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(12):2306-2315.
[33]董扬红.陕北黄土高原不同植被类型土壤活性有机碳组分及酶活性特征研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[34]Sattolo T M S,Mariano E,Boschiero B N,et al.Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by land use change and successive nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2017,247:63-74.
[35]朱寒阳,傅海平,张国林,等.不同施肥措施对茶园土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(23):371-374.
[36]杨招弟,蔡立群,张仁陟,等.不同耕作方式对旱地土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):514-517.
[2]刘伟红.黄土丘陵区露天煤矿复垦土壤有机碳的变化特征及影响因素[D].北京:中国地质大学,2014.
[3]郭舒艳,任小丽,盖艾鸿,等.基于FLUXNET的CLM模型生态系统呼吸模拟验证[J/OL].应用与环境生物学报,2019[2019-1-7].http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/51.1482.q.20190105.1016.001.html
[4]沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(3):32-38.
[5]杨文彬,耿玉清,王冬梅.漓江水陆交错带不同植被类型的土壤酶活性[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4604-4612.
[6]江玉梅,胡琳玉,林娣,等.鄱阳湖湿地四种植物群落土壤碳含量和酶活性[J].湿地科学,2017(6):802-808.
[7]袁霞,何斌.八角林地土壤酶活性和养分的分布特点及其相关分析[J].经济林研究,2004,22(2):10-13.
[8]Yuan Y,Zhao Z,Zhang P,et al.Soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools in reclaimed mine soils under forest and cropland ecosystems in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,102:137-144.
[9]寇江涛,师尚礼,王琦,等.垄沟集雨对紫花苜蓿草地土壤水分、容重和孔隙度的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1336-1342.
[10]郝鑫杰,李素英,王继伟,等.呼和浩特市13种绿化植物固碳释氧效率的比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2017(6):1196-1204.
[11]蔡德光.吴起县文冠果生物能源林发展战略研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析第3版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:39-47.
[13]于洋,贾志清,朱雅娟,等.高寒沙地植被恢复区乌柳人工防护林对土壤的影响[J].林业科学,2013,49(11):9-15.
[14]覃乾,朱世硕,夏彬,等.黄土丘陵区侵蚀坡面土壤微生物量碳时空动态及影响因素[J].环境科学,2019(4):1-13.
[15]邓欧平,李翰,熊雷,等.秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(1):86-92.
[16]孙慧,张建锋,胡颖,等.土壤过氧化氢酶对不同林分覆盖的响应[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):605-610.
[17]Farhat N,Smaoui A,Maurousset L,et al.Sulla carnosa modulates root invertase activity in response to the inhibition of long distance sucrose transport under magnesium deficiency[J].Plant Biology,2016,18(6):1031-1037.
[18]贺丽娜,梁银丽,高静,等.连作对设施黄瓜产量和品质及土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(5):155-159.
[19]赵仁竹,汤洁,梁爽,等.吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):244-249.
[20]原芩,梅娟,李华,等.不同管理措施对铝矿废弃地复垦区土壤有机碳的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1374-1380.
[21]Sindhu J,Rattan L.Distribution of organic carbon in physical fractions of soils as affected by agricultural management[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils.2010,46(6):543-554.
[22]Liu C,Li Z,Dong Y,et al.Do land use change and check-dam construction affect a real estimate of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,101:220-226.
[23]邹耀进,王旭,梁卿雅,等.海南岛灌丛土壤有机碳分布特征[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(4):611-617.
[24]李君剑,曹杰,严俊霞,等.矿区不同复垦措施下土壤呼吸与环境因子关系的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(8):2102-2110.
[25]金永昌,刘美英,刘金善,等.复垦模式对采煤沉陷区土壤团聚体有机碳分布特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):105-109.
[26]陈祖拥,刘方,蒲通达,等.贵州中部喀斯特森林退化过程中土壤酶活性的变化[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(2):47-51.
[27]欧芷阳,申文辉,彭玉华,等.广西平果县岩溶山地不同植物群落的土壤酶活性[J].水土保持研究,2017(3):75-79.
[28]吴秀臣,孙辉,杨万勤,等.川西亚高山红桦幼苗土壤蔗糖酶活性对温度和大气二氧化碳浓度升高的响应[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1225-1230.
[29]杨佳佳,安韶山,张宏,等.黄土丘陵区小流域侵蚀环境对土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(17):5666-5674.
[30]Grandy A S,Neff J C,Weintraub M N.Carbon structure and enzyme activities in alpine and forest ecosystems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(11):2701-2711.
[31]Baldrian P,Tr9gl J,Frouz J,et al.Enzyme activities and microbial biomass in topsoil layer during spontaneous succession in spoil heaps after brown coal mining[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2107-2115.
[32]Mukhopadhyay S,Joy V C.Influence of leaf litter types on microbial functions and nutrient status of soil:Ecological suitability of forest trees for afforestation in tropical laterite wastelands[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(12):2306-2315.
[33]董扬红.陕北黄土高原不同植被类型土壤活性有机碳组分及酶活性特征研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[34]Sattolo T M S,Mariano E,Boschiero B N,et al.Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by land use change and successive nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2017,247:63-74.
[35]朱寒阳,傅海平,张国林,等.不同施肥措施对茶园土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(23):371-374.
[36]杨招弟,蔡立群,张仁陟,等.不同耕作方式对旱地土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):514-517.
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