生物生态耦合系统对分散式农村生活污水的深度净化
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摘要
针对分散式农村生活污水排放标准的提升,通过集约式立体生物生态耦合系统对农村生活污水二级处理出水进行深度净化,采用国家标准方法对系统进出水中的COD、氨氮、TN和TP进行了测定,评价了系统对各污染物质的去除效果。结果表明:在实验进水COD,氨氮,TN和TP均属于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准时,系统稳定后实验出水的COD,氨氮,TN和TP的浓度分别可降至9～35、1～7、8.0～14.9、0.20～0.47 mg·L~(-1),均满足一级A标准。随着流水分区不同,COD,氨氮,TN和TP的浓度逐渐降低。采用集约式立体生物生态耦合系统可使农村生活污水二级处理出水水质达到一级A排放标准,实现深度净化的需求。
Aiming at the improvement of the water quality standard of decentralized rural-domestic sewage secondary effluent, the intensive vertical coupled biological and ecological technology was used to deeply purify the secondary effluent of rural domestic sewage. The COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP in the influent and effluent were measured according to the national standard method, and the removal efficiencies of various pollutants by this coupled system were evaluated. Experimental results show that when the influent water quality parameters, such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN, and TP, conformed to town sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard(GB 18918-2002) in the level I class B standard, the stable effluent concentrations of COD,ammonia nitrogen, TN, and TP could be reduced to 9～35, 1～7, 8.0～14.9 and 0.20～0.47 mg·L~(-1), respectively,which could meet the level I class A standard. The concentrations of COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP are gradually decreased at different zones along the water flow direction. The vertical coupled biological and ecological technology can meet the requirements of deep purification for secondary treatment effluent of rural domestic sewage and achieve the level I class A standard. This study provides a theoretical reference for the popularization and application of the technology.
Aiming at the improvement of the water quality standard of decentralized rural-domestic sewage secondary effluent, the intensive vertical coupled biological and ecological technology was used to deeply purify the secondary effluent of rural domestic sewage. The COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP in the influent and effluent were measured according to the national standard method, and the removal efficiencies of various pollutants by this coupled system were evaluated. Experimental results show that when the influent water quality parameters, such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN, and TP, conformed to town sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard(GB 18918-2002) in the level I class B standard, the stable effluent concentrations of COD,ammonia nitrogen, TN, and TP could be reduced to 9～35, 1～7, 8.0～14.9 and 0.20～0.47 mg·L~(-1), respectively,which could meet the level I class A standard. The concentrations of COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP are gradually decreased at different zones along the water flow direction. The vertical coupled biological and ecological technology can meet the requirements of deep purification for secondary treatment effluent of rural domestic sewage and achieve the level I class A standard. This study provides a theoretical reference for the popularization and application of the technology.
引文
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[22]韦菊阳,陈章和.梭鱼草和芦苇人工湿地对重金属和营养的去除率比较[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(1):179-183.
[23]张子清,王鹏,陈威名,等.芦苇对氮磷营养盐的吸收特征[J].化学工程与装备,2017(1):8-10.
[24]韩璐瑶.经济型水生植物滤床农村生活污水尾水深度处理研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016.
[25]ZHANG M,LUO P,LIU F,et al.Nitrogen removal and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying genes in an integrated constructed wetland for swine wastewater treatment[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,104:30-38.
[26]陈罡.水生植物净化水体作用的研究进展[J].吉林林业科技,2016,45(6):29-31.
[27]汪文强,王子芳,高明.5种水生植物的脱氮除磷效果及其对水体胞外酶活的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(10):5440-5446.
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[29]EILERS K G,LAUBER C L,KNIGHT R,et al.Shifts in bacterial community structure associated with inputs of low molecular weight carbon compounds to soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2010,42(6):896-903.
[30]赵赞.人工湿地处理城镇污水厂尾水深度脱氮实验研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2012.
[2]熊素玉,王金菊.农村水污染防治现状及一体化深度处理技术分析[J].化工设计通讯,2016,42(5):219-220.
[3]刘善东.城市污水处理厂二级出水深度处理工艺研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016.
[4]朱建军.城镇生活污水深度处理工艺的探讨[J].科技与创新,2016(13):102-105.
[5]郑艳.曝气生物滤池用于小区生活污水深度处理的试验研究[J].中国工程咨询,2016(1):59-61.
[6]PAN L T,HAN Y.A novel anoxic-aerobic biofilter process using new composite packing material for the treatment of rural domestic wastewater[J].Water Science&Technology,2016,73(10):2486-2492.
[7]陈志强,关华滨.新型化粪池处理生活污水启动阶段的实验[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(4):1267-1272.
[8]XIA R Z,PENG Y T,ZHONG S,et al.Performance of the iron-caron coupling constructed wetland for rural sewage treatment[J].Earth and Environmental Science,2017,51(1):1-6.
[9]陈繁荣,杨永强,吴世军,等.高负荷地下渗滤污水处理复合技术破解我国小规模生活污水处理难题:中国科学院在分散型污水处理领域的成果[J].科技促进发展,2016,12(2):217-222.
[10]喻果焱.高负荷地下渗滤污水处理复合技术-潜流人工湿地工艺深度处理农村污水的探索与实践[J].能源研究与管理,2018(3):79-83.
[11]魏复盛,齐文启,华秀.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[12]李亚峰,张娟,张佩泽,等.曝气生物滤池的自然挂膜启动分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2008,24(6):1035-1038.
[13]龚奇龙.起端曝气对延缓人工湿地堵塞的影响研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.
[14]王兴华,王云.微生物与植物协同去除生活污水中总氮、总磷、COD的效果研究[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(3):45-51.
[15]于高峰,刘明慧.人工湿地处理农村生活污水的应用研究[J].科技视界,2013(3):148-148.
[16]欧阳凯.人工潜流湿地深度处理污水厂二级出水试验研究[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2018.
[17]党鹏刚,张英.沸石对氨氮的吸附及解吸效果研究[J].广州化工,2016,44(15):104-106.
[18]靳薛凯,冯素敏,邵立荣,等.天然片沸石对废水中氨氮的吸附机理研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2018,39(1):56-64.
[19]胡杰军,董婧,沈志强,等.生物沸石人工湿地强化硝化处理污水处理厂二级出水研究[J].环境工程技术学报,2018,8(3):274-281.
[20]徐丽.种植型潜流人工湿地农村生活污水尾水深度处理研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016.
[21]黄德锋,李田.不同基质复合垂直流人工湿地对富营养化景观水的净化效果[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(8):616-621.
[22]韦菊阳,陈章和.梭鱼草和芦苇人工湿地对重金属和营养的去除率比较[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(1):179-183.
[23]张子清,王鹏,陈威名,等.芦苇对氮磷营养盐的吸收特征[J].化学工程与装备,2017(1):8-10.
[24]韩璐瑶.经济型水生植物滤床农村生活污水尾水深度处理研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016.
[25]ZHANG M,LUO P,LIU F,et al.Nitrogen removal and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying genes in an integrated constructed wetland for swine wastewater treatment[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,104:30-38.
[26]陈罡.水生植物净化水体作用的研究进展[J].吉林林业科技,2016,45(6):29-31.
[27]汪文强,王子芳,高明.5种水生植物的脱氮除磷效果及其对水体胞外酶活的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(10):5440-5446.
[28]BROECKLING C D,BROZ A K,BERGELSON J,et al.Root exudates regulate soil fungal community composition and diversity[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(3):738.
[29]EILERS K G,LAUBER C L,KNIGHT R,et al.Shifts in bacterial community structure associated with inputs of low molecular weight carbon compounds to soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2010,42(6):896-903.
[30]赵赞.人工湿地处理城镇污水厂尾水深度脱氮实验研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2012.