木麻黄对土壤重金属的生长响应及积累特征
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摘要
为了考察沿海防护林重要树种木麻黄对土壤重金属的耐性及修复潜力,比较了5个较耐寒木麻黄无性系(S-13、S-44、S-48、S-60和S-80) 1年生扦插苗在重金属Cu、Cd、Pb和Mn复合污染土壤中的生长表现、重金属积累和分配特征。土壤重金属设置为对照组(CK)、低浓度组(T1)、中浓度组(T2)和高浓度组(T3)等4个水平。结果表明:5个木麻黄无性系在不同处理组均维持了正常生长,不同无性系的表现有差异,与CK相比,T1、T2和T3显著促进了木麻黄无性系S-13、S-44的生长,但对S-48、S-60和S-80的生长无显著影响; T3显著抑制了S-13和S-44根瘤数,而对S-80则无显著影响,说明5个木麻黄无性系对重金属复合污染表现出较高耐性;木麻黄对重金属的吸收量随着土壤重金属浓度升高而增大;木麻黄对重金属的分配因重金属种类而不同,如Mn的含量为叶状小枝(小枝)>茎>根,各处理的转运系数均大于1,表明木麻黄具有较强的Mn转运能力,能把较多Mn从根部转运到地上部,地上部的Mn超过总积累量86%; Cu、Cd和Pb的含量为根>茎>小枝,表明木麻黄能把较多的Cu、Cd和Pb固定在根部,但地上部的重金属积累量超过了总积累量的50%; T3处理下,5个木麻黄无性系的重金属综合生物富集指数(CBCI)无明显差异,表明5个木麻黄无性系对重金属积累能力接近;综合生物量和CBCI表现,木麻黄无性系S-13和S-44对污染土壤具有较强的重金属修复能力;木麻黄对重金属Cu、Cd、Pb和Mn具有较强的耐性和较为突出的积累能力,对于重金属污染土壤尤其是Mn污染土壤的植物修复具有较大应用潜力。
To compare the phytoremediation potential of Casuarina equisetifolia cultivated in an artificially contaminated soil with copper( Cu),cadmium( Cd),lead( Pb) and manganese( Mn),we evaluated the tolerance of heavy metals( HMs) and accumulation capacity of oneyear-old cutting seedlings of five clones( S-13,S-44,S-48,S-60 and S-80) of C. equisetifolia.There were four HMs levels( CK,low( T1),medium( T2) and high( T3)) in this experiment.The plant growth,HMs accumulation and distribution characteristics were measured. The results showed that all clones could survive on the polluted substrate and maintain the normal growth.The five clones showed different tolerance levels to the HMs treatments. Compared to CK,HMs treatments significantly promoted the growth of S-13 and S-44. The growth of S-48,S-60 and S-80 showed no significant difference in the HMs treatments compared to CK. The HMs concentrations in tissues were increased with increasing HMs concentrations in soil. Furthermore,the HMs concentrations in tissues showed variation depending on metal speciation. For example,the concentrations of Mn in tissues were in the order of twig > stem > root. Moreover,the translocation factor( TF) values of Mn were greater than 1 in all clones and HMs treatments. The amounts of Mn in aboveground part of C. equisetifolia account for 86%,suggesting that C. equisetifolia had the higher Mn transfer capability. The concentrations of Cu,Cd and Pb in the roots were higher than in the stems and twigs. The amounts of HMs in the aboveground part were more than 50% of the total accumulation. Under the T3 treatment with the highest HMs concentration,there was no significant difference in comprehensive bio-concentration index( CBCI) of heavy metals among the five clones,indicating that they had similar accumulation capacity to heavy metals. According to the biomass and CBCI,clones S-13 and S-44 had a greater potential in phytoremediation. Taken together,C. equisetifolia had high tolerance,good accumulation and translocation capabilities for Cu,Cd and Mn. Therefore,C. equisetifolia could be a promising species for phytoremediation application on HMs pollution soil,especially for Mn pollution.
To compare the phytoremediation potential of Casuarina equisetifolia cultivated in an artificially contaminated soil with copper( Cu),cadmium( Cd),lead( Pb) and manganese( Mn),we evaluated the tolerance of heavy metals( HMs) and accumulation capacity of oneyear-old cutting seedlings of five clones( S-13,S-44,S-48,S-60 and S-80) of C. equisetifolia.There were four HMs levels( CK,low( T1),medium( T2) and high( T3)) in this experiment.The plant growth,HMs accumulation and distribution characteristics were measured. The results showed that all clones could survive on the polluted substrate and maintain the normal growth.The five clones showed different tolerance levels to the HMs treatments. Compared to CK,HMs treatments significantly promoted the growth of S-13 and S-44. The growth of S-48,S-60 and S-80 showed no significant difference in the HMs treatments compared to CK. The HMs concentrations in tissues were increased with increasing HMs concentrations in soil. Furthermore,the HMs concentrations in tissues showed variation depending on metal speciation. For example,the concentrations of Mn in tissues were in the order of twig > stem > root. Moreover,the translocation factor( TF) values of Mn were greater than 1 in all clones and HMs treatments. The amounts of Mn in aboveground part of C. equisetifolia account for 86%,suggesting that C. equisetifolia had the higher Mn transfer capability. The concentrations of Cu,Cd and Pb in the roots were higher than in the stems and twigs. The amounts of HMs in the aboveground part were more than 50% of the total accumulation. Under the T3 treatment with the highest HMs concentration,there was no significant difference in comprehensive bio-concentration index( CBCI) of heavy metals among the five clones,indicating that they had similar accumulation capacity to heavy metals. According to the biomass and CBCI,clones S-13 and S-44 had a greater potential in phytoremediation. Taken together,C. equisetifolia had high tolerance,good accumulation and translocation capabilities for Cu,Cd and Mn. Therefore,C. equisetifolia could be a promising species for phytoremediation application on HMs pollution soil,especially for Mn pollution.
引文
何新华,陈力耕,胡西琴,等.2003.杨梅根瘤Frankia菌对重金属的抗性.水土保持学报,17(3):127-129.
环境保护部,国土资源部.2014.全国土壤污染状况调查公报.国土资源通讯,(8):26-27.
黄义雄,郑达贤,方祖光,等.2003.福建滨海木麻黄防护林带的生态经济效益研究.林业科学,39(1):31-35.
靳明华,丁振华,周海超,等.2014.海岸带不同林龄木麻黄对重金属的吸收与富集作用.生态学杂志,33(8):2183-2187.
雷梅,岳庆玲,陈同斌,等.2005.湖南柿竹园矿区土壤重金属含量及植物吸收特征.生态学报,25(5):1146-1151.
李晓刚,曹旖旎,蔡泽宇,等.2018.淹水土壤中4个耐水湿树种的重金属积累能力.林业科学研究,31(3):29-36.
李志真,谢一青,王志浩,等.2003.木麻黄根瘤内生菌生物学特性研究.林业科学,39(1):139-147.
刘成,王兆印,何耘,等.2003.环渤海湾诸河口底质现状的调查与研究.环境科学学报,23(1):58-63.
刘陟娜,张新元,许虹,等.2015.境外锰矿资源分布现状与中资企业勘察开发建议.中国矿业,24(8):8-15.
乔磊,袁旭音,李阿梅.2005.江苏海岸带的重金属特征及生态风险分析.农业环境科学学报,24(增刊):178-182.
谭芳林,徐俊森,林武星,等.2003.福建滨海沙地造林树种的适应性与选择研究.林业科学,39(1):100-105.
汪庆华,董岩翔,周国华,等.2007.浙江省土壤地球化学基准值与环境背景值.生态与农村环境学报,23(2):81-88
向杰,陈建平,张莹.2013.中国锰矿资源现状与潜力分析.地质学刊,37(3):382-386.
薛生国.2005.超积累植物商陆的锰富集机理及其对污染水体的修复潜力(博士学位论文).浙江:浙江大学.
杨涛,严重玲,梁洁,等.2003.盐胁迫下木麻黄幼树营养元素的分配规律.亚热带植物科学,32(3):1-4.
张玉秀,李林峰,柴团耀,等.2010.锰对植物毒害及植物耐锰机理研究进展.植物学报,45(4):506-520.
周希琴.2004.木麻黄幼苗对酸雨胁迫的生理响应.山地农业生物学报,23(3):210-214.
Bidwell SD,Woodrow IE,Batianoff GN,et al.2002.Hyperaccumulation of manganese in the rainforest tree Austromyrtus bidwillii(Myrtaceae)from Queensland,Australia.Functional Plant Biology,29:899-905.
Chen WM,Wu CH,James EK,et al.2008.Metal biosorption capability of Cupriavidus taiwanensis and its effects on heavy metal removal by nodulated Mimosa pudica.Journal of Hazardous Materials,151:364-371.
Clairmont KB,Hagar WG,Davis EA.1986.Manganese toxicity to chlorophyll synthesis in tobacco callus.Plant Physiology,80:291-293.
Sanchez-Rodriguez J,Martínez-Carrasco R,Perez P.1997.Photosynthetic electron transport and carbon-reductioncycle enzyme activities under long-term drought stress in Casuarina equisetifolia.Photosynthesis Research,52:255-262.
Xue SG,Chen YX,Reeves RD,et al.2004.Manganese uptake and accumulation by the hyperaccumulator plant Phytolacca acinosa,Roxb.(Phytolaccaceae).Environmental Pollution,131:393-399.
Yang SX,Deng H,Li MS.2008.Manganese uptake and accumulation in a woody hyperaccumulator,Schima superba.Plant,Soil&Environment,54:441-446.
Younis M.2007.Responses of Lablab purpureus-rhizobium symbiosis to heavy metals in pot and field experiments.World Journal of Agricultural Sciences,3:111-122.
Zhao X,Liu J,Xia X,et al.2014.The evaluation of heavy metal accumulation and application of a comprehensive bioconcentration index for woody species on contaminated sites in Hunan,China.Environmental Science&Pollution Research,21:5076-5085.
Zu YQ,Li Y,Christian S,et al.2004.Accumulation of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in plants and hyperaccumulate or choice in Lanping lead-zinc mine area,China.Environment International,30:567-576.
环境保护部,国土资源部.2014.全国土壤污染状况调查公报.国土资源通讯,(8):26-27.
黄义雄,郑达贤,方祖光,等.2003.福建滨海木麻黄防护林带的生态经济效益研究.林业科学,39(1):31-35.
靳明华,丁振华,周海超,等.2014.海岸带不同林龄木麻黄对重金属的吸收与富集作用.生态学杂志,33(8):2183-2187.
雷梅,岳庆玲,陈同斌,等.2005.湖南柿竹园矿区土壤重金属含量及植物吸收特征.生态学报,25(5):1146-1151.
李晓刚,曹旖旎,蔡泽宇,等.2018.淹水土壤中4个耐水湿树种的重金属积累能力.林业科学研究,31(3):29-36.
李志真,谢一青,王志浩,等.2003.木麻黄根瘤内生菌生物学特性研究.林业科学,39(1):139-147.
刘成,王兆印,何耘,等.2003.环渤海湾诸河口底质现状的调查与研究.环境科学学报,23(1):58-63.
刘陟娜,张新元,许虹,等.2015.境外锰矿资源分布现状与中资企业勘察开发建议.中国矿业,24(8):8-15.
乔磊,袁旭音,李阿梅.2005.江苏海岸带的重金属特征及生态风险分析.农业环境科学学报,24(增刊):178-182.
谭芳林,徐俊森,林武星,等.2003.福建滨海沙地造林树种的适应性与选择研究.林业科学,39(1):100-105.
汪庆华,董岩翔,周国华,等.2007.浙江省土壤地球化学基准值与环境背景值.生态与农村环境学报,23(2):81-88
向杰,陈建平,张莹.2013.中国锰矿资源现状与潜力分析.地质学刊,37(3):382-386.
薛生国.2005.超积累植物商陆的锰富集机理及其对污染水体的修复潜力(博士学位论文).浙江:浙江大学.
杨涛,严重玲,梁洁,等.2003.盐胁迫下木麻黄幼树营养元素的分配规律.亚热带植物科学,32(3):1-4.
张玉秀,李林峰,柴团耀,等.2010.锰对植物毒害及植物耐锰机理研究进展.植物学报,45(4):506-520.
周希琴.2004.木麻黄幼苗对酸雨胁迫的生理响应.山地农业生物学报,23(3):210-214.
Bidwell SD,Woodrow IE,Batianoff GN,et al.2002.Hyperaccumulation of manganese in the rainforest tree Austromyrtus bidwillii(Myrtaceae)from Queensland,Australia.Functional Plant Biology,29:899-905.
Chen WM,Wu CH,James EK,et al.2008.Metal biosorption capability of Cupriavidus taiwanensis and its effects on heavy metal removal by nodulated Mimosa pudica.Journal of Hazardous Materials,151:364-371.
Clairmont KB,Hagar WG,Davis EA.1986.Manganese toxicity to chlorophyll synthesis in tobacco callus.Plant Physiology,80:291-293.
Sanchez-Rodriguez J,Martínez-Carrasco R,Perez P.1997.Photosynthetic electron transport and carbon-reductioncycle enzyme activities under long-term drought stress in Casuarina equisetifolia.Photosynthesis Research,52:255-262.
Xue SG,Chen YX,Reeves RD,et al.2004.Manganese uptake and accumulation by the hyperaccumulator plant Phytolacca acinosa,Roxb.(Phytolaccaceae).Environmental Pollution,131:393-399.
Yang SX,Deng H,Li MS.2008.Manganese uptake and accumulation in a woody hyperaccumulator,Schima superba.Plant,Soil&Environment,54:441-446.
Younis M.2007.Responses of Lablab purpureus-rhizobium symbiosis to heavy metals in pot and field experiments.World Journal of Agricultural Sciences,3:111-122.
Zhao X,Liu J,Xia X,et al.2014.The evaluation of heavy metal accumulation and application of a comprehensive bioconcentration index for woody species on contaminated sites in Hunan,China.Environmental Science&Pollution Research,21:5076-5085.
Zu YQ,Li Y,Christian S,et al.2004.Accumulation of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in plants and hyperaccumulate or choice in Lanping lead-zinc mine area,China.Environment International,30:567-576.