土地资源节约型城镇景观林构建技术研究——以成都龙泉山景观林建设为例
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摘要
城市化的高速发展,压缩了城市生态用地比例,导致城市生态环境治理与生态用地需求间的矛盾日益突出,提高生态用地功能将是缓解生态用地紧张与生态环境治理需求矛盾的重要措施。本研究以成都市龙泉驿区的城镇景观林建设为例,从城镇景观林构建模式、林分管理技术、林分群落结构和林分景观特征等方面,开展土地资源节约型城镇景观林构建技术研究。结果显示①对以桃树为例,具有"群落绿量小、夏秋缺彩、冬季少绿"等特征的废弃果园,通过树种林分改造后,使群落的三维绿量增加了21.7倍,并改造了林分中栾树、红叶黄连木和香樟等树种的不同观赏特性,实现了"夏秋增彩"与"冬季补绿"。②对无季相景观变化且林内景观质量较低的巨桉纯林,通过林窗补充观花、观叶树种,林下配置观赏草本的方式,丰富了林内色彩种类,实现了林分景观质量的提升。③对仅有一个观赏季节的玉兰纯林,通过引入紫薇、木芙蓉和三角梅等树种,将林分观赏时间由春季20天左右,延长为四季。以乡土树种为主,采用乔灌草多层次的配置模式,采用适宜的管护措施,可以构建出生态服务功能较高,景观质量较高且观赏期较长的土地资源节约型的城镇景观林人工林群落。
The rapid development of urbanization reduced the proportion of urban ecological land use, resulting in the increasingly contradiction between urban ecological environment management and ecological land use demand. Improving ecological land function could be an important measure to alleviate the contradiction between ecological land use and ecological environment control needs. Taking the urban landscape forest establishment in Longquanyi District of Chengdu as an example, the research was carried out on the establishment technology of urban landscape forest in land resource conservation type, from the aspects of urban landscape forest establishment model, forest management technology, forest community structure and forest landscape characteristics.①In the case of peach trees, for the abandoned orchard with the characteristics of "green community with small amount, lack of color in summer and autumn, less green in winter", the three-dimensional green quantity of the community increased by 21.7 times, after the transformation of tree species, which also modified the different ornamental characteristics of the Koelreuteria paniculata,Pistacia chinensis Bunge and Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl. in the stand, and realized the "color increase in summer and autumn " and "green supplement in winter". ② For the pure eucalyptus forest with no seasonal landscape change and low forest landscape quality, the flowering and foliage trees were supplemented in the forest window, and the ornamental herbs were arranged under the forest, which enriched the color of the forest and enhanced the quality of the forest landscape. ③ For the pure Magnolia denudata forest with only one season viewing, the forest viewing time was extended from spring to winter by introducing trees such as Lagerstroemia indica, Hibiscus mutabilis and Bougainvillea glabra. Mainly based on native tree species, using multi-level configuration mode of arbor and shrub, using appropriate management and protection measures, a plantation community of land-resource-saving urban landscape forest could be establishment with high ecological service, high landscape quality and long viewing period.
The rapid development of urbanization reduced the proportion of urban ecological land use, resulting in the increasingly contradiction between urban ecological environment management and ecological land use demand. Improving ecological land function could be an important measure to alleviate the contradiction between ecological land use and ecological environment control needs. Taking the urban landscape forest establishment in Longquanyi District of Chengdu as an example, the research was carried out on the establishment technology of urban landscape forest in land resource conservation type, from the aspects of urban landscape forest establishment model, forest management technology, forest community structure and forest landscape characteristics.①In the case of peach trees, for the abandoned orchard with the characteristics of "green community with small amount, lack of color in summer and autumn, less green in winter", the three-dimensional green quantity of the community increased by 21.7 times, after the transformation of tree species, which also modified the different ornamental characteristics of the Koelreuteria paniculata,Pistacia chinensis Bunge and Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl. in the stand, and realized the "color increase in summer and autumn " and "green supplement in winter". ② For the pure eucalyptus forest with no seasonal landscape change and low forest landscape quality, the flowering and foliage trees were supplemented in the forest window, and the ornamental herbs were arranged under the forest, which enriched the color of the forest and enhanced the quality of the forest landscape. ③ For the pure Magnolia denudata forest with only one season viewing, the forest viewing time was extended from spring to winter by introducing trees such as Lagerstroemia indica, Hibiscus mutabilis and Bougainvillea glabra. Mainly based on native tree species, using multi-level configuration mode of arbor and shrub, using appropriate management and protection measures, a plantation community of land-resource-saving urban landscape forest could be establishment with high ecological service, high landscape quality and long viewing period.
引文
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[2] 赵清.城市森林景观研究理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007.
[3] 苏泳娴,黄光庆,陈修治,等.城市绿地的生态环境效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2011,(23):7287～7300.
[4] 刘畅.游憩型城镇景观林质量评价研究[D].北京林业大学,2016.
[5] 朱红霞,康亮.节约型城市绿地建设途径的探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12250～12252.
[6] 毛德华,陈秋林,汪子一.关于环境友好型土地利用模式的若干基本问题的探讨[J].资源环境与工程,2007,21(1):75～78.
[7] 刘新卫,张定祥,陈百明.快速城镇化过程中的中国城镇土地利用特征[J].地理学报,2008,63(3):301～310.
[8] 方金生,戴启培,吴雯雯.节约型园林指标体系的构建与评价[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(5):170～174.
[9] 杜燕,王威,郑小贤.北京山区水源林结构与功能关系研究[J].林业资源管理,2011,4(8):59～65.
[10] 董瑞龙.对北京市建设节约型园林绿化问题的思考[C].北京市“建设节约型园林绿化”论文集.2007:5.
[11] 朱俊.中国城市森林学理论与实证研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2004:198～200.
[12] 裴男才,陈步峰,吴敏,等.广州市南沙区海岸防护林群落构建技术研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(11):1802～1806.
[13] 潘桂菱,靳思佳,车生泉.城市公园植物群落结构与绿量相关性研究——以成都市为例[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2012,30(4):56～62.
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